Thorax Anatomy Student PDF
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Presbyterian College
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Summary
This document provides detailed information and illustrations on the structure of the thorax, including the lungs and heart. It covers various aspects of anatomy, from the major compartments of the thorax to the internal features of the heart. Diagrams enhance understanding of complex anatomical structures.
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Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology MPAS 5003 Anatomy of the Thorax A 55-year-old male with a past medical history of lung cancer presents with fluid build-up in his right lung (also known as a pleural effusion). During one of your clinical rotations, you observe a PA on your service perform a thor...
Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology MPAS 5003 Anatomy of the Thorax A 55-year-old male with a past medical history of lung cancer presents with fluid build-up in his right lung (also known as a pleural effusion). During one of your clinical rotations, you observe a PA on your service perform a thoracocentesis to obtain a sample of the pleural fluid. The resident inserts the needle near the lower border of the eighth rib at the right anterior axillary line and withdraws a few milliliters of fluid. The Thorax Anterior: sternum Posterior: vertebral column Lateral: ribs and costochondral cartilage Inferior: diaphragm/ inferior thoracic aperture Superior: neck/ superior thoracic aperture Three major compartments: ▪ L pleural cavity ▪ R pleural cavity ▪ Mediastinum The Thorax Visceral and parietal pleura ▪ Pleural space ▪ Costodiaphragmatic recess (costophrenic angles/recess) The Thorax Sternal angle ▪ Superior portion of the pericardium ▪ Beginning and end of the aortic arch ▪ Entrance of superior vena cava to the heart ▪ Bifurcation of the trachea ▪ Superior limit of the pulmonary trunk The Thorax Phrenic nerves supply the diaphragm ▪ Originate from C3,C4,C5 The Lungs Pulmonary arteries: carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart Pulmonary veins: carry oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs The Lungs Right lung: ▪ Oblique fissure: separates inferior Left lung: from superior and middle lobe ▪ Oblique fissure: separated superior ▪ Horizontal fissure: separates superior and inferior lobes lobe from the middle The Lungs Trachea R and L mainstem bronchi Lobar bronchi Segmental bronchi Bronchioles The Lungs Pulmonary arteries and veins Bronchial arteries The Lungs Vagus nerve Sympathetic trunk The Thorax Mediastinum separates two pleural cavities ▪ Middle mediastinum = heart The Heart Pericardium ▪ Fibrous ▪ Serous (parietal and visceral) The Heart Surface features ▪ Sulci ▪ Coronary arteries and veins The Heart Internal features ▪ R atria and ventricle (deoxygenated blood) ▪ L atria and ventricle (oxygenated blood) The Heart R atrium ▪ Superior and inferior vena cava ▪ Coronary sinus The Heart Tricuspid (atrioventricular) valve R ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary trunk/ arteries to the lungs The Heart Pulmonary veins from the lungs L atrium The Heart Mitral (bicuspid) valve R ventricle Aortic valve (coronary arteries) Aorta The Heart Coronary arteries ▪ RCA ▪ LCA The Heart Sinu-atrial node Atrioventricular node Atrioventricular bundle (L and R bundle branches) Questions?
