The Sun - Presentation PDF

THE SUN Presented by : Aguirre, Horeh Bea Blanca Brual  Learning outcomes Describe the general structure of the Sun, including its core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. Explain the processes of nuclear fusion in the Sun’s core and how energy is...

THE SUN Presented by : Aguirre, Horeh Bea Blanca Brual  Learning outcomes Describe the general structure of the Sun, including its core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. Explain the processes of nuclear fusion in the Sun’s core and how energy is transported through the different layers of the Sun. Learning outcomes Define solar neutrinos and describe their significance in confirming theories about the Sun's energy production. Analyze the challenges in detecting solar neutrinos and how their study has contributed to our understanding of solar physics. Learning outcomes Discuss the role of the Sun in the solar system and how its structure and processes affect space weather and the Earth's environment. Create an infographic about the life cycle of the Sun.  Topics The general structure of the The Photosphere Sun Solar neutrinos The Sunspots Prominences and Flares  Topics The Chromosphere The Corona The Solar Wind Helioseismology  What is Solar neutrinos? Solar neutrinos are subatomic particles that come from nuclear fusion in the sun's core  Photospher e The photosphere is the visible surface of the sun, a thin layer of the sun's atmosphere that emits the light we see.  500 km (300 miles) wide. Temperature ranges from 4,100 °C or 7,400 °F at the top to 9,700 °C or 17,500 °F. Hot gas of Hydrogen and helium, which account for 74.9% and 23.8% of the sun's mass, respectively. Bright Sunspot faculae s Granul es.  Sunspo ts are temporary, Sunspots dark areas on the surface of the sun that are caused by magnetic activity.  Sunspots are cooler than their surroundings and appear as dark spots on the sun's visible surface, or photosphere. They can appear in many shapes and sizes, and can cover large areas of the sun.  Trivia time! Did you know that the number of sunspots on the sun varies as it goes through its 11-year cycle?  Solar Prominence A solar prominence is a bright arch coming up from the outer layers of the sun's atmosphere. Prominences are ionized gas that is caught by a magnetic arch that rises up through the  Prominences can last from a few minutes to several months. Prominences don't always affect Earth, but when they do, it's usually due to the solar flare aspect of the prominence. The solar flare releases energy particles into space that can impact Solar A solar flare is a quick explosion flares of electromagnetic energy from the sun, which affects the hotness and  What triggers solar flares? Flares occur when intense magnetic fields on the Sun become too tangled. Like a rubber band that snaps when it is twisted too far, the tangled magnetic fields Effects of Solar flares Disruption of technology Effects on Satellite and Spacecrafts Danger to Austronauts Poduces high-  Trivia time! The largest recorded solar flare was on April 2, 2001, and was observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite. The flare was more powerful than the 1989 solar flare that disrupted power grids in Canada.  4,000 K (6,700 degrees F or 3,700 degrees C) near the surface to 8,000 K (14,000 degrees F, or 7,700 degrees C) at the top. It sits above the photosphere, the sun's visible surface, and extends at least 2,000 km (1,200 mi). The chromosphere Temperature is about 10^-8 as dense as the Earth's atmosphere, making it difficult  Plasma Storms Plasma andand Storms Solar Phenomena Originate Solar Phenomena in the Chromosphere Originate in the Chromosphere Things Heat Up in the Chromosph ere The corona is the outermost part of the Sun's atmosphere, made up of plasma (charged gas) that extends thousands of kilometers above the Sun's visible surface.  Apperance The corona is made up of wispy, white streamers that look like fireworks. Temperature Hundreds of times hotter than the Sun's surface, reaching temperatures of about 3.6 million degrees Fahrenheit Visibility The corona is only about half as bright as the Moon, so it's normally not visible to the naked eye. However, it's safe to look at during the brief total phase of a total solar eclipse  Why is the Corona So Much Hotter Than the Surface of the Sun? n December 2021, the Parker Solar Probe became the first spacecraft to encounter and sample the corona, at a distance of 8.2 million miles from the surface of the Sun. Inside the corona, plasma is connected to the Sun. Beyond it, the Sun’s magnetic fields and gravity are too weak to contain the plasma and it becomes the solar wind. Studyi ng the Coron a In December 2021, the Parker Solar Probe became the first spacecraft to encounter and sample the corona, at a distance of 8.2 million miles from the surface of the Sun. Inside the corona, plasma is connected to the Sun. Beyond it, the Sun’s magnetic fields and gravity are too weak to contain the plasma and it becomes the solar wind. Solar wind  Solar wind is a stream of charged particles that constantly flows from the Sun's outermost atmosphere, or corona, at speeds of over one million miles per hour.  Above the Sun's active sunspot regions (dark areas caused by magnetic disturbances) on the surface, or photospheric layer, loops of magnetic field lines trap some plasma and hold it back. TRACE image of Sun's magnetic fields lines: loops and streamers.  As the solar wind projects further and further outward from the Sun, it spreads