Globalization Theories PDF

Globalization  Imperialism Colonialism THEORIZING Development GLOBALIZATION Americanization Neoliberalism Neo-Marxism  Imperialism vs Colonialism Imperialism Colonialism means the practi...

Globalization  Imperialism Colonialism THEORIZING Development GLOBALIZATION Americanization Neoliberalism Neo-Marxism  Imperialism vs Colonialism Imperialism Colonialism means the practice, the colonialism,’ which is theory, and the attitudes of almost always a a dominating metropolitan consequence of center ruling a distant imperialism, is the territory; implanting of settlements more defined by economic on the distant territory” control (and exploitation) more about political control Imperialism Imperialism is a broad concept that describes various methods employed by one country to gain control (sometimes through territorial conquest) of another country (or geographic area) and then to exercise that control (especially political, economic, and territorial) over it – and perhaps many others (Smith 2016).  The term “imperialism” came into widespread use in the late nineteenth century as a number of nations (Germany, Italy, Belgium, Great Britain, France, the United States) competed for control over previously undeveloped geographic areas, especially in Africa  The economic nature of capitalism leads capitalistic economies , and the nation‐states that are dominated by them, to seek out and control distant geographic areas. Control over foreign markets and foreign investments create new markets for them  Imperialism as a parasitic system (Vladimir Lenin) Therefore, imperialism is the highest (advanced) stage of capitalism, requiring monopolies to exploit labour and natural resources, and the exportation of finance capital, rather than manufactured goods, to sustain colonialism, which is an integral function of imperialism.  Much to do with European Politics and competition among European nation-states Sense of the superiority of European culture. Colonialism Creation by a colonial power of an administration in an area that has been colonized to run its internal affairs.  Colonialism Settlers Formal mechanisms Administrative apparatus Decolonization the momentum shifted in the direction of decolonization, or “the process of revealing and dismantling colonialist power in all its forms  Post‐colonialism this implies the era in once‐colonized areas after the colonizing power has departed (although post‐colonial thinking and work could already be well underway before their departure). Developments that take place in a former colony after the colonizing power departs.  DEVELOPMENT A “project” primarily concerned with the economic development of specific nation‐states not regarded as sufficiently developed. Import‐substitution “Encouraging” countries (usually in the South) to develop their own industries, instead of producing for export and relying on imports. Dependency Theory increase in the dependence on the countries on the North underdevelopment is built into these development projects development programs bring impoverishment Misconceptions unilateral development (following the paths of developed nations the source of underdevelopment is internal to the underdeveloped country diffusion of capital, institutions and values will promote development capitalism will be the cause of development in both developed and developing nations WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY Neo‐colonialism Neo‐colonialism Neocolonialism takes the form of economic imperialism, globalization, cultural imperialism and conditional aid to influence or control developing country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control or indirect political control (hegemony).  AMERICANIZATION Globalization is another term for the dominant role of the United States globally. defined as the export of products, images, technologies, practices, and behaviors that are closely associated with America and Americans.  American dominance in the realm of consumption (Amazon, Coca-Cola, Mc Donald’s, Visa,Disney, Starbucks) Anti‐Americanism as a Global Process rejection of American foreign policy and a firm belief in the malignity of American influence and presence anywhere in the world. NEOLIBERALISM Liberal commitment to individual liberty combined with a belief in the free market and opposition to state intervention in it. Free market: A market free of any impediments. Deregulation: A commitment by nation‐states to limit or eliminate restraints on the free market and free trade. NEOLIBERALISM The nation's capitalists were the main beneficiaries of this shock therapy, especially privatization, which put them in an ownership position and in control of the newly privatized industries. The main victims were the nation's poor, whose economic situation was made worse by the shredding of the social safety net that served to protect them, at least to some degree. Structural Adjustment Conditions of economic “restructuring” imposed by organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on borrowing nation‐states.