Science 7 The Scientific Investigation PDF

SCIENCE 7 Member 1  Have you tried wanting to cook a soft-boiled or a hard-boiled egg?  What did you do in order to achieve your desired way of how the egg should be cooked? Boiled Egg  Have you gone through...

SCIENCE 7 Member 1  Have you tried wanting to cook a soft-boiled or a hard-boiled egg?  What did you do in order to achieve your desired way of how the egg should be cooked? Boiled Egg  Have you gone through trial and error in doing so? What is the best way of Boiled Egg solving real-life problems?  THE INVESTIGATORY PROCESS Member 1 The Scientific Method  Learning Objectives: describe the components of a scientific investigation; conduct simple experimentation using a scientific method involving community-based problems; and  Learning Objectives: Develop awareness of the significance of being persistent in solving problems in life.  Let Us Do an Activity!  Zane is living in a barangay where there is a river. She noticed that when it rains, their place is flooded by rainwater. Zane thought that maybe it was because of the garbage that was thrown in the river where she lived.  However, the people in the barangay do not know how to solve this problem. Help Zane and the people of their barangay solve this problem using the scientific method. 1. What is Zane’s OBSERVATION? 2. What is the QUESTION she could have asked to solve the problem in their barangay? 3. What HYPOTHESIS she could make? 4. What EXPERIMENT she could do? 5. What might be her RESULTS? 6. Suggest a CONCLUSION for her experiment and results.  THE INVESTIGATORY PROCESS The Scientific Method What is Scientific Method? The scientific method is a series of steps followed by scientists to differentiate fact from myth and superstition or validate or refute speculations. The Scientific Method The Scientific Method  Hypothesis Observati Results on Q u e st io ni n g Conclusion Experiment  OBSERVATION The first step of the scientific method involves making an observation about something that interests you.  OBSERVATION Your observation can be on anything as long as it is something you really want to know more about. QUESTIONING/STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Once you've made your observation, you must formulate a question about what you have observed. QUESTIONING/STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Your question should tell what it is that you are trying to discover or accomplish in your experiment. QUESTIONING/STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM When stating your question you should be as specific as possible. For example, if you are doing a project on plants, you may want to know how plants interact with microbes. QUESTIONING/STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Your question may be: Do plant spices inhibit bacterial growth?  HYPOTHESIS A hypothesis is an idea that is suggested as an explanation for a natural event, a particular experience, or a specific condition that can be tested through definable experimentation.  HYPOTHESIS It is important to note that it can be tested. That means that you must be able to test your hypothesis through experimentation.  EXPERIMENT Once you've developed a hypothesis, you must design and conduct an experiment that will test it. You should develop a procedure that states very clearly how you plan to conduct your experiment.  EXPERIMENT It is important that you include and identify a controlled variable or dependent variable in your procedure. Control groups allow us to test a single variable in an experiment because they are unchanged.  EXPERIMENT We can then make observations and comparisons between our controls and our independent variables (things that change in the experiment) to develop an accurate conclusion.  RESULTS The results are where you report what happened in the experiment. That includes detailing all observations and data made during your experiment. Most people find it easier to visualize the data by charting or graphing the information.  CONCLUSION The final step of the scientific method is developing a conclusion. This is where all of the results from the experiment are analyzed and a determination is reached about the hypothesis.  CONCLUSION Did the experiment support or reject your hypothesis? If your hypothesis was supported, great. If not, repeat the experiment or think of ways to improve your procedure. Identifying Variables in Scientific Method There are two kinds of variable that we have to consider when we are experimenting. They are the dependent and the independent variables. In most cases, control variable is included. Identifying Variables in Scientific Method The independent variable represents the inputs or causes, or are tested to see if they are the cause. Independent variable is a quantity that can stand alone. Its value does not affect the value of other variables. Identifying Variables in Scientific Method A dependent variable is also named “response variable”, “measured variable”, “observed variable”, “responding variable”, ”explained variable”, and “output variable”. Identifying Variables in Scientific Method A variable that is kept constant or monitored to be able to minimize its effect on the experiment is called a controlled variable. Identifying Variables To determine the effect of pure water and different salt concentrations on gumamela plants for, the height of plants is recorded for one month. Identifying Variables One tank of goldfish is fed with the normal amount of fish food once a day. A second tank of goldfish is fed twice a day. A third tank of goldfish is fed three times a day during an eight-week study. The mass of these fishes is recorded every three days.  Let’s Apply! 1. Cite examples of problems in the community and how the people living in the community resolve them. 2. Choose one of the examples you have cited in the previous question, and solve the chosen problems using the components of the scientific method. Questions?  Let’s Make Meaning! Sir Isaac Newton, the genius behind the Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation struggled with experiments that often yielded unexpected results. It took him years and countless trials before he finally cracked the secrets of light and color. Indeed, he conducted more than 200 experiments to understand the nature of light.  Let’s Make Meaning! Based on this story, what do you think Sir Isaac Newton did in order for him to become successful? What characteristics did Sir Isaac Newton display by conducting more than 200 experiments to fully understand the nature of light? Why is it important for us humans to persevere in doing things? Exit Pass! Share a phrase about what you have learned from the discussion. THANK YOU!