The Nervous System Part II Lecture PDF

The Nervous System Part II Lecture on BIO108: General Physiology May G. Esquejo Instructor I, Biology Department CBSUA-CAS Understanding the Brain: BRAIN an essential organ emotions, sensations, aspirations and everyth...

The Nervous System Part II Lecture on BIO108: General Physiology May G. Esquejo Instructor I, Biology Department CBSUA-CAS Understanding the Brain: BRAIN an essential organ emotions, sensations, aspirations and everything that makes you uniquely individual come from your brain. Weighs about 3 pounds in the average adult, the brain is about 60% fat. The remaining 40% is a combination of water, protein, carbohydrates and salts. Its neural tissue contains blood vessels and nerves, including neurons and glial cells. Understanding the Brain: Understanding the Brain: Enables: Thoughts and decisions. Memories and emotions. Movements (motor function), balance and coordination. Perception of various sensations including pain. Automatic behavior such as breathing, heart rate, sleep and temperature control. Regulation of organ function. Speech and language functions. Fight or flight response (stress response). Three main sections of the BRAIN: CEREBRUM: Largest area of the brain interprets visions, hearing, touch and other senses. It also regulates emotions, reasoning and learning. Makes up about 80% of your brain. Three main sections of the BRAIN: CEREBRUM: Comprises the gray matter (cerebral cortex) and white matter of the brain Three main sections of the BRAIN: CEREBRUM divided into halves called HEMISPHERES Right hemisphere – controls the left side of the body Left hemisphere – controls the right side Three main sections of the BRAIN: CEREBELLUM: maintains your balance, posture, coordination and fine motor skills. It's located in the back of your brain. Three main sections of the BRAIN: BRAINSTEM: connects your brain to your spinal cord. Sits at the bottom of your brain and includes the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. It sends messages to the rest of the body to regulate balance, breathing, heart rate and more functions. Lobes of the Brain and What they control Each brain hemisphere (parts of the cerebrum) has four sections, called lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. Each lobe controls specific functions. FRONTAL LOBE. Largest lobe of the brain, located in the front of the head, the frontal lobe is involved in personality characteristics, decision-making and movement. Recognition of smell usually involves parts of the frontal lobe. The frontal lobe contains Broca’s area, which is associated with speech ability. Lobes of the Brain and What they control Each brain hemisphere (parts of the cerebrum) has four sections, called lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. Each lobe controls specific functions. PARIETAL LOBE. Middle part of the brain. Helps a person identify objects and understand spatial relationships (where one’s body is compared with objects around the person). Interpreting pain and touch in the body. The parietal lobe houses Wernicke’s area, which helps the brain understand spoken language. Lobes of the Brain and What they control Each brain hemisphere (parts of the cerebrum) has four sections, called lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. Each lobe controls specific functions. OCCIPITAL LOBE. The occipital lobe is the back part of the brain that is involved with vision. Lobes of the Brain and What they control Each brain hemisphere (parts of the cerebrum) has four sections, called lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. Each lobe controls specific functions. TEMPORAL LOBE. The sides of the brain This is involved in short-term memory, speech, musical rhythm and some degree of smell recognition. Differences of Nervous system of invertebrates and vertebrates Differences of Nervous system of invertebrates and vertebrates  Conditions and Disorders Alzheimer’s disease and dementia: Brain tumor: Irregular mass of cells Stroke: An interruption of blood supply Progressive loss of cognitive (brain) that starts in your brain and grows to your brain, either because of an functions, such as memory, problem- uncontrollably. artery blockage or artery rupture solving or language. (burst). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A Epilepsy: A brain disorder that disrupts neuromuscular disorder where the the activity of your brain’s nerve cells, nerve cells in your brain break down. leading to seizures. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A Parkinson’s disease: A progressive developmental disorder that can affect nervous system disease that often your ability to communicate, regulate starts with tremors (uncontrollable behavior or interpret social cues. shakes). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/anatomy-of-the-brain