Ecosystems: Tropical Rainforests, Coral Reefs, and Mangrove Swamps PDF

The **ECOSYSTEM** is an environment where both living and non-living things exist and interact with one another. This interaction enables the survival of living things and affects non-living things. **Example of ecosystem is the** **1. TROPICAL RAINFORESTS.** Living things that can be found compose...

The **ECOSYSTEM** is an environment where both living and non-living things exist and interact with one another. This interaction enables the survival of living things and affects non-living things. **Example of ecosystem is the** **1. TROPICAL RAINFORESTS.** Living things that can be found composed of plants and animals. Non-living things include soil, air, humidity, water and sunlight. Rainforest has different layers namely emergent, canopy, understory and forest floor. **PRODUCERS** provide food for the consumers which include herbivores-plant eating animals and carnivores-flesh eating animals. **HERBIVORES** provide food to the carnivores. **PRODUCERS** include trees, shrubs and other plant life in the forest. Feeding relationships like food chain and food web occur among species in the forest ecosystem. Food chain starts with producer, a series of consumers and decomposers. Food web results from the interconnected food chains. **2. CORAL REEFS** Coral reefs serve as habitat for many animals. They are a breeding ground of marine life. There are different categories of coral reefs. Fringing reefs are reefs that hug the shore of continents or islands. Barrier reefs are reefs that stand between the open sea and a lagoon. Coral atolls are reefs that enclose a lagoon. **3. MANGROVE SWAMPS** Mangrove swamp ecosystem is composed mostly of mangrove plants and animals like crustaceans and migratory birds. The non-living part composed of water, sand, mud, rocks and sunlight. MANGROVE SWAMP is an important system that allows for the breeding of fishes and survival of other marine animals There are different organisms living in this ecosystem which interact with each other. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **COMMENSALISM** is an interaction where organisms live together | | without harming one another for example orchids is attached to the | | trunk of a tree without harming it. | | | | In **MUTUALISM** both organisms benefit in the relationship for | | example, a bee or butterfly suck nectar from a flower and the flower | | reproduces. | | | | **COMPETITION** is an interaction wherein organisms compete for | | survival. For example, grass, shrubs, flowers, and trees grow | | together in one area where they compete for source of food, sunlight, | | soil nutrients and other things needed for their survival. | | | | **PREDATION** is a kind of interaction in which one organism kills | | smaller organisms for food. An example of this is when a snake eats a | | rat for food. Predator usually organisms which are stronger, bigger | | and fiercer compared to prey. | | | | **PARASITISM** is a kind of interaction where one organism, the | | parasite, depends on another organism for food, production and | | reproduction. | | | | Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen | | answer on a separate sheet. | | | | 1\. Which group of organisms can be found in the mangrove ecosystem? | | | | A. mussels, fish, corals | | | | B. worm, rat, fish | | | | C. butterfly, snake, bird | | | | D. mangrove trees, fiddler crab, fish | | | | 2\. What are the things needed by plants to make their own food? | | | | A. water, chemicals and oxygen | | | | B. oxygen and carbon dioxide | | | | C. oxygen and chemicals | | | | D. carbon dioxide, soil and sunlight | | | | 3\. Which of the following describes a canopy of the rainforest? | | | | A. composed of trees that are 130-180 Ft tall | | | | B. about 59 feet and consists of trunk of canopy, shrubs, small | | plants and trees | | | | C. consists mostly of fungi, insects, worms and litter from taller | | trees | | | | D. has slender trees from a dense platform of vegetation with 60 to | | 129 feet. | | | | 4\. What kind of interaction is shown when one organism kills | | another organism for food? | | | | A. mutualism | | | | B. commensalism | | | | C. parasitism | | | | D. predation | | | | 5\. It is an environment where both living and non-living things | | exist and interact with one another. | | | | A. ecology B. ecosystem | | | | C. community D. population | | | | 6\. One example of competition in tropical rainforest is when the | | shrubs and trees are growing together in one area. What do they | | compete for? | | | | A. sunlight and soil nutrients. | | | | B. oxygen and carbon dioxide. | | | | C. chemicals and oxygen. | | | | D. water and chemicals. | | | | 7\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_results from the | | interconnected food chains. | | | | A. consumer B. producer | | | | C. food web D. biotic component | | | | 8\. Why is the relationship between the corals and the algae in the | | coral reefs considered mutualistic? | | | | A. The corals benefit in the interaction and not the algae. | | | | B. The corals receive oxygen from algae, the algae get protection | | from corals. | | | | C. The corals receive oxygen from algae while the algae are harmed. | | | | D. The corals and algae live together without harming each other. | | | | 9\. What kind of interaction is shown when animals like crabs and | | mollusks help break down plant litter in a mangrove ecosystem | | through grazing? | | | | A. competition B. commensalism | | | | C. parasitism D. mutualism | | | | 10\. Why is producer important in an ecosystem? | | | | A. It is the source of food to the consumers. | | | | B. It is an organism that eats plants. | | | | C. It breaks down organism into smaller particles. | | | | D. It is a series of feeding relationship. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+