Children and Adolescent Literature PDF

THE CHILDREN AND imagination, creativity, and inspiration. It helps them develop essential skills in connecting with the...

THE CHILDREN AND imagination, creativity, and inspiration. It helps them develop essential skills in connecting with the global environment. It gives them a chance to discover the world through stories, poetry, and plays. ADOLESCENT LITERATURE QUALITIES OF A GOOD STORY Qualities of a Good Story A good story grabs and sparks the readers' interest. It creates change in the readers thinking. It makes the readers feel what the characters feel, fear and love. A good story UNIT 1: Introduction to Children and Adolescent Literature changes the psyche of the readers and how they view things. Allen Say defined a good story as "an Lesson 1: UNDESTANDING CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT abstract experience, that when one ventures through and comes out of a maze, he will feel a slight change." In terms of elements, a good story must have a relatable theme. It should have a compelling LITERATURE idea, a good style, and grammar. Reading literature provides children to different cultural heritage and access strengthens their CHILDREN’S LITERATURE QUALITIES OF A GOOD CHILDREN AND cognitive development at a very early stage. Educators use literature including fiction, non-fiction, and ADOLESCENT LITERATURE poetry as the pathway for language learning and acquisition. Not only that reading literature helps in the Good children's literature induces strong emotion; it can make children or readers laugh, cry. cognitive development of the students, it also allows teachers to emphasize important lessons and values It offers a sense of joy and satisfaction. It entertains, instructs, and inspires. Children and even adult that the children need to acquire as they grow. In this Unit, pre-service teachers will be exposed to the readers are hooked with children's and adolescents' literature since the stories are interesting and concepts, formats, and literary developments of children and adolescent literature that will serve as their relatable. When children can relate to the story, they establish deeper connection and retention. It also foundation as future teachers. captivates the readers. Good children and adolescent literature must use engaging language. The flow of the language must be pleasing. The rhythm must have a natural flow. The exposure to a good written LITERATURE story will help children develop phonemic awareness. The words used must be relatable as well as The word literature is derived from the Latin word "litaritura" or writing form with letters, challenging for older readers to acquire new words. which generally means any written work, although spoken or sung texts are also included or transcribed oral literature. It includes a different collection of written work. It is often used to describe different art It must also be multicultural. Many of the books for children are informative. They show the forms such as fiction, poetry, prose, and drama. Generally, it is the means of preserving. recording, and diverse cultures of the world. These are portrayed in the characterization, plot, dialogues, setting, and transmitting information and knowledge that influences the moral, social, cultural, psychological, and themes. Good children's literature must also draw children's attention to the story itself, and often lead even political aspects. Some authors described literature as "writings which interpret the meanings of to questions and further discussion. With good literature, readers will always read repeatedly. nature and life" (Henry Van Dyke); "it is a comprehensive essence of the intellectual life of a nation" (William Shakespeare); "it speaks the language of imagination and the study of literature train and improves the imagination" (Northrop Frye). On the other hand, the "literary" is concerned with the QUALITIES OF A GOOD STORY PERSONAL VALUE OF LITERATURE TO study, writing, and appreciation of literature. CHILDREN Reading and exposure to literature will help children in many aspects of life. The personal CHILDREN’S LITERATURE value of reading literature to children include: Children's literature refers to the material written, published, and used for instruction, Experience pleasure and enjoyment information, and entertainment of children, and adolescents. The unique qualities of children's literature Improve imagination lie in giving target readers the particular kind of reading experiences and how they relate their childhood Enhance cognitive development experiences with the text. Children's literature varies from fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and other artistic Stretch attention span genres. It also covers different relevant topics that are of interest to children and adolescents. Children, Acquire information about nature and their environment and adult literature both have the same literary elements but different features. These include the age and Develop positive attitude characteristics of the characters, the simplicity or complication of the plot and the emphasis on morals Appreciate books and develop a love for reading or didactic motive. Understand literature Learn new hobbies and acquire new interests IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING LITERATURE Empathize with others' feelings and concerns Literature is a body of ideas that need to be explored. It helps readers see the world differently Understand cultural heritage and develop a better perspective. It offers a deeper perception of life. It enables understanding of personal Improve creativity and artistic tendencies and human emotion, issues in society, history, and culture. It also allows readers to unlock the world of Stimulate a sense of aesthetic  Children always find stories enjoyable to read. Whenever they hear stories, they are transported to characterized as subtle in thought. They use direct expressions, adhere to form, portray archetypal a different world, in the world of adventure and fantasy. Reading helps children expand their characters, carry a moral message. Most of the classic literary writers focused on showing truth and imagination. According to Janet Schulman, there are emotional and educational benefits of reading. She beauty. claims that "books give children a foundation on a ladder of life." Constant reading to children will help Literary works during the classical period share common elements. These include memorable develop the bond between children and parents. Some parents read to their children at a very young age characters and distinct protagonists with notable characteristics. Most themes explore human to help them develop their listening and language acquisition. At a very young age, it is imperative that experiences and depict human conditions and the forces around them. The writing styles include children are exposed to literature. figurative languages such as metaphors, symbolism, hyperbole, simile, personification, irony, and Reading stories and different written forms develops the readers in multiple ways. It sharpens their juxtaposition. imagination, develops their empathy and moral reasoning exposes them to different cultural identity and The stories of the classical period are both stimulating and fascinating. These are important society, and allows them to gain artistic and literary preference. Reading provides them with vicarious parts of our literary and cultural heritage. Classic literature serves as a vessel for readers to be transported experiences and in the process, they gain insights about people, society, and everything around them. to the very distant past, and explore and view different perspectives. It also helps them connect to nature, They can also unlock their imaginative creative tendencies. Reading literature also helps children discover the cultural orientation of the past including the beliefs, traditions, and practices. develop empathy and moral reasoning. Through reading, they will understand people as human beings. By identifying themselves with the characters and understanding the situations in which the characters MEDIEVAL PERIOD are involved, they will understand the characters' perspective. They will be able to wear someone else's During the medieval period or middle-ages, literature is characterized as religious and highly shoes and walk someone else's path. They will also develop a sense of social justice. Good books provide biblical or romantic, with embedded realism and fantasy. People used stories for teaching morals to not only information and wisdom. Children who read them will further develop the sense of right and children. The period started from 478 AD, the time when the Roman Empire fell and European wrong and control their behaviors to become more-disciplined young individuals. They will grow an civilization weakened. It stretched to the beginning of the 14th century. Religion was a huge influence appreciation of the universality of human emotions across time and history. They will be culturally in terms of education during the middle-ages due to the domination and influence of the Roman Catholic literate, both in their own cultural identity and of others, and in the process will learn to respect diverse Church. Biblical stories, such as the stories of saints, were popular to teach children. Among the known cultures. While reading and learning from good books and stories, children will enjoy and have their stories based on oral traditions are the story of “Noah” and the great flood, “Cain and Abel”, “Adam preferences and will have the tendency to produce their pieces. and Eve”, and the “Tower of Babel”. Many stories of heroic adventures were also familiar in the search for places to spread Catholic teaching. To avoid theft, the books were chained to the libraries during the ACADEMIC VALUE OF LITERATURE TO CHILDREN medieval period. Since books were expensive, oral tradition or oral storytelling was used as the mode Aside from personal development reading also enhances students' academic progress. for entertainment. Storytellers and wandering entertainers recited stories and different poems to amuse Reading fosters language development and fluency, that includes phonetic and phonemic awareness, people. The tale of "King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table" fascinated children and adults vocabulary command, structural control, and improvement of the overall reading comprehension. alike. The heroic stories of "Roland" from France and "Cid" from Spain were widespread. "Beowulf" and his opponent Grendel, the beast, were two of the prominent characters during the medieval period. Lesson 2: THE PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN During the middle-ages, the recording of literature commenced. Written literary works started with the monks' lesson books for the young people during the old English period. AND ADOLESCENT LITERATURE ALDHELM (640-700 A.D) Children and adolescent literature developed from oral tradition. The literary development - bishop of Sherborne period of children and adolescent literature started during the Classical period, then the Medieval - He had written books for children: VERSES and RIDDLES period, the period of Enlightenment or Renaissance, the 18th century, the Victorian era, the 20th ALFRED THE GREAT (349-399 A.D.) century up to the modern day. - translated literature in Latin to Anglo-Saxon ANSEL (1033-1109 A.D.) CLASSICAL PERIOD - the Archbishop of Canterbury Classical Period All literary works began with the use of ancient oral storytelling. People - published the Bible began to tell stories to comfort each other, establish relationships, and entertain or teach their young WILLIAM CAXTON (1476) ones. They also tell stories to introduce their religion, tradition, culture, and values. The classical period - created the first printer and published the fables of Aesop, the Legend of King Arthur can be traced from 500 BC to 400 AD. During this time, most of the children literature was also told by and his knights, the Song of Roland an old French epic, the heroism of El Cid, the valor adults. Children heard similar stories as adults did. Children grew up with the stories of the adventures Beowulf from the Norse that are still prominent even today. of Hercules, Aesop's fables, Homer's "Iliad and Odyssey." Ovid's metamorphosis, and the story of RENAISSANCE PERIOD gods and goddesses or the creation of the world. The known literature during the classical period is of The renaissance period marked the new era in Europe around 1400 to 1700 or during the 14th Greek and Roman origins, such as myths and epics. The literary works during the classical period are to 16th century. It was the time when new ideas were formed. Roman and Greek literature were reintroduced. There was emphasis on intellectual and spiritual development. Changes were brought - his books include A LITTLE PRETTY POCKET-BOOK which is produced to teach about by the crusades that opened the trading in Asian countries, which brought new ideas to European and entertain children. countries. Stable kingdoms were established as stronger rulers were installed. JOHANNES GUTTENBERG FOLKTALES were revived during the 18th century. The "Tales of Mother Goose" was - discovered the PRINTING PRESS, an idea which came from China. introduced which was written by Charles Perrault of France in 1697 and translated into English. This allowed the multiple productions of books and spread information easily during the Fairytales became popular such as the stories of “Sleeping Beauty”, “Cinderella”, “Little Red Riding renaissance period. Educational books were also first printed, and most of the books were made for Hood” and many other fairy tales that are still popular today. younger readers. SIR THOMAS ELYOT MME. DE BEAUMONT - produced "The Book Named the Governor" in 1531. - She retold the popular fairy tale "Beauty and the Beast". ROGER ASCHAM ELIZABETH NEWBERRY - printed "THE SCHOLEMASTER" in 1570, a book on courtesy - She published the tales from the "Arabian Nights" that include "Aladdin and His - this book emphasized the proper manners and behavior for young boys. Lamp" and "Sinbad the Sailor" in 1791. JOHN FOXE HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSON - created the "BOOK OF MARTYRS" depicting conflicts and violent deaths due to the - He wrote fairy tales that include the "The Princess and the Pea", "The Little growing numbers of Protestant members created religious conflict with the Roman Mermaid", "The Nightingale", "The Steadfast Soldiers", "Emperor's New Catholics. Clothes", "The Red Shoes", "The Snow Queen", "Thumbelina" and "The Ugly - his book became famous to school children. Duckling." JOHN COMENIUS Social classes became distorted during this period as the middle class started to encroach on - produced a book teaching Latin through pictures entitled "ORBIS SENSUALISM" nobility, while the upper-class members retaliated. The 18" century also marked the slow change of the - the production of books opened the door to mass education as schools became an female gender perception, and this was depicted in their literature. Women writers who surfaced were essential aspect of a Puritan child's upbringing. M. Cooper and M. Boreman wrote "The Christmas-Box", Jane Austin, and many other female As books became the major source of information, the price of books became expensive. literary writers. Those who cannot afford to buy books went for cheaper ones such as the Chapbooks that contained fairy tales. Another popular book was the HORNBOOK, where stories were written on a piece of wood with THE VICTORIAN AGE a square shape. The pages were made of velum typically calf or lambskins, which were protected by a The Victorian Age was characterized as the rise of modern fantasy. The years 1837 to 1901 piece of horn that was transparent. The book was bound by a metallic rim. The texts consisted of prayers were considered the Golden Age of children's literature. A rapid change and advancement in medicine, and biblical stories. scientific discoveries, technical knowledge occurred during this period. The bulk of literature for THE 18TH CENTURY children was attributed to the better status of women and the emergence of more talented writers. During the early 18th century, books were produced to teach children or emphasize morals. Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland" broke the didactic ideas in literature for children in 1865. Instructions were devoted to religious pursuits. The Augustinian philosophy had a great influence on In the middle and towards the second half of the 19th century, boys' stories dominate teaching children. Instructions were based on different philosophies; intellectual development was given children's literature. Louis Stevenson wrote "Treasure Island," Clemens "The Adventures of Tom a premium. Sawyer" in 1876, and 1884 the "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." Women writers Susan Warner JOHN LOCKE wrote "The Wide, Wide World" in 1850, and Louisa May Alcott produced the popular "Little Women" - He explained in his essay that “Children's minds were believed to be blank slates”. In in 1868, which depicted strong characterization and moral value. Frank Baum produced "The this idea, children were believed to have an equal opportunity to learn. Adults could Wonderful Wizard of Oz," depicted the classic US. modern fantasy for young readers, in 1900. imprint in the children's minds, and if best educated, children could grow into THE EDWARDIAN ERA intelligent, highly independent individuals. The Edwardian era occurred between 1901 to 1915, where the ideas of childhood experienced JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU a cultural change, which considered the idea that "a child is central to childhood." This became the - Children are believed to be inherently good. defining mood of the period that dictated children's literature. Children's literature became more - He advocated the importance of living life with simplicity. subjective. - He also propelled didactic writing for children, Moralistic tales were produced. BEATRIX POTTER’S LITERARY PIECES John Newberry - The Tale of Peter Rabbit (1901) - He wrote books that reflected the children's characteristics during the 18th century. - The Phoenix and the Carpet (1904) - He is considered the Father of Children's Literature. - The Railway Children (1906)  J.M. BARRIE Lesson 3: BOOK FORMATS FOR CHILDREN AND - “Peter Pan”, a popular piece during this period specified in 1904 KENNETH GRAHAME ADOLESCENT - “A Wind in the Willows”, it made a mark in 1908. While children's literature can be categorized by genre that refers to the type of text, the style, and organization of writing, and the type of composition that is conventionally agreed, it can also be FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT categorized according to the book format or how books are put together. Based on the format, children - A Little Princess (1905) and adolescent literature are distinguished as picture books, transitional books, illustrated books, chapter - Secret Garden (1910) books, graphic novels, and verse novels. HILAIRE BELLOC - Cautionary Tales for Children (1907), collection of his satirical verse PICTURE BOOK Picture books are generally used to refer to books with illustrations and lesser texts. Picture books THE 20TH CENTURY consist of verbal narrative and visual elements in book format for younger children. "Picture books are The 20th century was considered the era of fantasy writing in children's literature due to the illustrated, but not all illustrated books are picture books (Norton, 2010). Picture books are distinctive emergence of many fantasy figures. This period was known for the production of picture storybooks, the since they convey the message through a series of pictures with captions or short texts. Picture books are personification of toy animals. recognized according to their colorful and engaging illustrations that represent the storyline. They have HUGH LOFTING identifiably strong characterization. They involve rhythm, pattern, and repetition. The stories teach a - He produced "The Story of Doctor Dolittle" in 1920 lesson and have a clear concept. Picture books are easy to recognize due to their length and size. They A.A. MILNE are larger in shape than any storybook. They have a uniform number of pages or sheets. Due to printing - wrote "Winnie-the-Pooh" in 1926, which personified toy animal stories. requirements, the length of all picture books is a multiple of sixteen. They usually have thirty-two pages LAURA INGALLS to sixty-four pages but do not have page numbers. - also wrote "Whose Little House in Big Woods in 1932. Picture books are recognized for their format and style. The content is based on genre. The visual L. Traver elements are more important or as influential as the text in conveying a message. There are picture books - wrote "Mary Poppins" in 1943. that do not have texts. They are called textless or wordless picture books. Picture books are different SERIES BOOKS ROSE DURING THE 20 CENTURY from comics since they do not necessarily have sequential images important in comics. ▪ The Lion and the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950) by C.S. LEWIS Picture books include board books or pop-up books and picture storybooks. Picture storybooks are ▪ The Hobbit by J.R.R. TOLKIEN, which became a prequel to his work of art "The Lord of picture books with a storyline. The pictures and text convey the plot or the story. Illustrations in the the Rings" which became a very successful movie. picture storybook are necessary to show the characters' emotions, their actions, the changing setting, the CLASSIC ADVENTURE development of the narratives, and the emphasis on the themes. Pop-up books contain paper that pops to ▪ The Charlotte Web by E.B. WHITE, that featured a definitive animal fantasy was be easily manipulated by the readers. They are designed to grab children's interest in reading and easy produced. comprehension. The rise of new realism occurred after World War II. These resulted in the diversity of world Some known picture books include: cultures depicted in children's literature. It opened a more liberal approach to children's literature. ROALD DAHL, a British author, produced "James and the Giant Peach" in 1961. It was followed by ▪ The Little House "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory," "The Witches," "Fantastic Mr. Fox," and "Matilda. In 1970, ▪ Harold and the Purple Crayon JUDY BLUME produced her novels "Are You There God?", "Margaret", "It's Me", "Deannie," and - by CROCKETT JOHNSON "Blubber." During the late 20th century, heroes portrayed literature came in different colors and much ▪ Mike Mulligan and his Steam Shovel of the literature written for children were adapted to films. Using the ideas, styles, and forms of the previously written literary pieces for children, and - by V.L. BURTON integrating technology and science, the late 20th century writers were more experimental in creating ▪ Good Night Moon something new and fresh. The surge of children's literature with grew in modern days. J.K Rowling's - by MARGARETE WISE BROWN, illustrated by CLEMENT HURD. Harry Potter” became famous like Lois Lowry's "The Giver," Sachar's "Holes," Philip Pullman "His Dark Materials. TRANSITIONAL BOOKS (EASY-TO- READ BOOKS) While picture books are designed to be read to children, transitional or easy to read books are designed for beginner readers to be successful independent readers. In 1957, after more than twenty years of publishing picture storybooks.  DR. SEUSS (THEODORE SEUSS GEISEL) ▪ DYING TO MEET YOU: 43 OLD CEMETERY ROAD - published "The Cat in the Hat" - by Kate Klise and M. Sarah Ki ELSE HOLMELUND MINARIK ▪ LOST AND FOUND - published "Little Bear" - by Shaun Tan ARNOLD LOBELL ▪ SMILE - published "Frog and Toad are Best Friends" - by Raina Telgemeier These books are considered easy-to-read books. Transitional books are smaller compared to picture books or regular books. The illustrations in the easy-to-read books give clues to the message and CHAPTER BOOKS meanings of the words, thus easy for the children to comprehend. They are artistic enough to make the As children approach the puberty or adolescent stage, the books made for them become longer, book interesting for children. The pictures are smaller than the texts. The text occupies a bigger portion more complicated, and have lesser or no illustrations, Graphics are available but have less importance of the page. There are more spaces between the words and lines. The words are limited to 250 or less in to the text. These books are referred to as chapter books, juvenile or junior books. "Chapter books are common easy-to-read books and must be in one or two syllables. Word patterns and repetitions are long, sufficient for the authors to split the whole book into chapters" (Brown and Tomlinson, 1999). usually used. The sentences are generally shorter. The text must be well-written. Since transitional books Chapter books can be fictional or non-fictional. Non-fictional chapter books include informational books are designed for beginning readers, some authors break the book into separate stories or episodic chapters and biographies. to avoid reading exhaustion. These books include a table of contents for easy navigation between pages. Known chapter books include: This is designed to teach children to use the table of contents. The majority of easy-to-read books are ▪ HOLES animal stories or animal fantasies. - by Louis Sachar's ▪ CHARLOTTE'S WEB ILLUSTRATED BOOKS - by EB White Books have lesser pictures or illustrations and have more texts as children mature to be more ▪ THE SECRET GARDEN independent readers. From picture books to easy-to-read books, as children develop their reading ability, - by Frances Hodgson Burnett word recognition, and better comprehension, books that they read or made for them have fewer ▪ THE GIVER illustrations. These books are called illustrated books. To quote Norton (2010) "Many picture books are - by Lois Lowry always illustrated, although not all illustrated books are considered picture books", due to the differences ▪ HARRY POTTER of the number and size of the illustrations. Unlike picture books, texts are more necessary in illustration - by J. K. Rowling books. The use of illustration is to strengthen comprehension and grasp of the events in the story. In ▪ A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS (LEMONY SNICKET) short, illustrations do not necessarily provide new information. - by Daniel Handler ▪ JAMES AND THE GIANT PEACH GRAPHIC NOVEL - by Roald Dahl A graphic novel is a terminology coined by WILL EISNER to describe novels that are illustrated ▪ CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY and written as comic books in style. Although, they sequentially tell stories, graphic novels include fictional or non-fictional content or anthologized illustrations. It became popular with older children and VERSE NOVELS adolescents. Unlike comics, graphic novels focus on one story. The plot of a graphic novel is lengthy A verse novel is a type of children and an adolescent novel written in verse. It is a lengthy narrative and the storyline is more complicated. In fictional graphic novels, the stories are told through combining poetry. There is a hybrid of the elements of a novel and poetry in verse novels, although the verse forms texts and illustrations. Some graphic novels are originally based on novels. They are especially designed are not strictly definitive. Characterization, narration, dialogue and multiple voices, and descriptions are for those visual learners who are interested more in reading novels that are illustrated. based on the elements of novels. Each poem in the verse novels captures the idea, a moment, scene, or Popular graphic novels include: a significant mark in the characters' life. ▪ THE ADVENTURES OF TINTIN Verse novels for children and adolescents include: - by Herge ▪ LEAVE TAKING ▪ DIARY OF A WIMPY KID - by Lorraine Marwood - by Jeff Kinney - it centers on love, belonging, and loss Wendy Orr's ▪ BABYMOUSE: HEARTBREAKER ▪ DRAGON FLY SONG - by Jennifer and Matthew Holm - by Wendy Orr ▪ BIG NATE ▪ BROWN GIRL DREAMING - by Lincoln Pierce - by Jacqueline Woodson  - it shows the adventures of a girl ▪ FORGET ME NOT - by Ellie Terry - it describes a girl with Tourette syndrome who attended school and tried to be normal ENCHANTED AIR: TWO CULTURES, TWO WINGS: A MEMOIR - by Margarita Engle and Edel Rodriguez - it describes a girl who lives in two worlds, the vibrant tropal life in Cuba and the noisy city of Los Angeles.