Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines PDF

 TABLE OF CONTENTS Standard Operating Guidelines Section Subject Date Issued Date Revised 010.00 Mission and Vision Statements 9/1/2012 011.00 Safety and Risk Manag...

 TABLE OF CONTENTS Standard Operating Guidelines Section Subject Date Issued Date Revised 010.00 Mission and Vision Statements 9/1/2012 011.00 Safety and Risk Management 9/1/2012 Incident Command 100.00 Incident Command 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 101.00 Transfer of Command 9/1/2012 102.00 Level 1 and 2 Staging 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 103.00 Modular Expansion of ICS 9/1/2012 104.00 Personnel Accountability 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 105.00 Accountability and Safety 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 106.00 Lost or Trapped Firefighter, Basic Self-Survival 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 107.00 Company Operations 9/1/2012 108.00 Line of Duty Death 9/1/2012 109.00 Post Incident Analysis 9/1/2024 110.00 Rapid Intervention Crew 9/1/2024 Emergency Operating Plan 200.00 OPCON 9/1/2024 8/1/2024 201.00 Natural/Human Caused Disaster 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 202.00 Complex Incident 8/1/2024 203.00 Civil Unrest 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 204.00 Evacuation Area 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 205.00 Emergency Personnel Recall 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 206.00 Emergency Management Duty Officer 8/1/2024 207.00 Mass Alert and Warning 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 208.00 EOC Activation 8/1/2024 Communications 300.00 Communications Procedures 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 EMS Procedures 400.00 General Information 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 401.00 Police Interface on Death Scene 9/1/2012 402.00 Incident Management 9/1/2012 403.00 Incident Report Documentation 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 404.00 Equipment Left with Other Facilities and 9/1/2012 Providers 405.00 Hospital Transportation 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 406.00 Helicopter Med-Evac Transport 9/1/2012 407.00 Patient Treatment 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 408.00 Triage 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 409.00 Medical Responsibility 9/1/2024 1  Safety Procedures 500 Safety Policy 9/1/2012 500.01 Driver Safety 9/1/2024 502.00 Fire Ground Safety 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 503.00 Protective Clothing 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 504.00 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 505.00 Station Safety 9/1/2012 506.00 Marine Fire safety 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 507.00 Lockout/Tag Out 9/1/2024 508.00 Emergency Incident Rehab 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 509.00 Response to Potentially Violent Incidents 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 510.00 Tactical Gear, BPE 8/1/2024 511.00 XL 185 Portable Radios 8/1/2024 512.00 Large Area Search Team 8/1/2024 Tactical Guidelines 600.00 Ship Fires 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 601.00 Aircraft Emergencies 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 602.00 Hazardous Materials 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 603.00 Interstate Highways and Expressways 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 604.00 Highrise Building Fires 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 605.00 Bomb Threats 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 606.00 Fires in Postal Facilities 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 607.00 Mass Casualty 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 608.00 Search and Rescue 9/1/2012 609.00 Tactical Medical Response 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 610.00 Confined Space Operations 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 611.00 Urban Search and Rescue 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 612.00 Accessing Locked Automobiles 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 613.00 Water Rescue 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 614.00 Animals in Distress and Other Animal Responses 8/1/2024 615.00 Vehicle Fires 8/1/2024 Tactical Guidelines Special Apparatus 700.00 Vent 1 and 2 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 701.00 Firelite 1, 8, 13, 14 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 702.00 High Expansion Foam Truck 4X 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 703.00 Tactical Support Unit 8/1/2024 704.00 Fire Boats 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 705.00 Tractor Trailer F-4 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 706.00 Brush Truck 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 707.00 Patrol Units 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 708.00 Ambu Bus 8/1/2024 709.00 Bambi Bucket 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 710.00 Pull/Decon Trailer 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 2 711.00 Heavy Rescue 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 712.00 Bariatric Unit 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 Work Management 800.00 Company Training and Reporting 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 801.00 Training Division 9/1/2012 802.00 Supply Division 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 803.00 Fuel Disbursement 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 804.00 Rescue Supply Orders 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 805.00 Fire Prevention Bureau 9/1/2024 8/1/2024 805.01 Fire Investigator Call Out Procedures 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 805.02 Classification of Occupancy 8/1/2024 805.03 Existing Building Target Hazards 8/1/2024 805.04 Priority Category 8/1/2024 805.05 Request for Inspection 8/1/2024 805.06 Specific Component Inspections 8/1/2024 805.07 Fire Alarm System Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.08 Fire Sprinkler System Inspection Guidelines 8/1/2024 805.09 Fire Extinguishing and Hood System Inspection 8/1/2024 Guidelines 805.10 Fire Standpipe System Inspection Guidelines 8/1/2024 805.11 Fire Pump Inspection Guidelines 8/1/2024 805.12 Emergency Generator and Power Supply 8/1/2024 Inspection Guideline 805.13 Other Extinguishing Systems Inspection 8/1/2024 Guideline 805.14 Permit Application 8/1/2024 805.15 Assembly Permits Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.16 LP Gas Operations Annual Permits Inspection 8/1/2024 Guideline 805.17 Temporary Tent Permit Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.18 Blasting Permits Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.19 Public Fireworks Display Permit Inspection 8/1/2024 Guideline 805.20 Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience 8/1/2024 Inspection Guideline 805.21 Retail Sales of Sparklers Permits Inspection 8/1/2024 Guideline 805.22 Wholesale Fireworks Permit Inspection 8/1/2024 Guideline 805.23 Open Flame Permits Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.24 Hazardous Materials Permit Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.25 Occupancy Inspections 8/1/2024 805.26 Assembly Occupancy Inspection Guidelines 8/1/2024 805.27 Educational Occupancy Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 3 805.28 Healthcare Occupancy Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.29 Detention and Correctional Occupancy 8/1/2024 Inspection Guidelines 805.30 Hotel and Dormitory Inspection Guidelines 8/1/2024 805.31 Apartment Occupancy Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.32 Lodging or Rooming House Occupancy 8/1/2024 Inspection Guideline 805.33 Residential Board and Care Occupancy 8/1/2024 Inspection Guidelines 805.34 One-And two Family Dwelling Occupancy 8/1/2024 Inspection Guidelines 805.35 Mercantile Occupancy Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.36 Business Occupancy Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.37 Daycare Occupancy Inspection Guidelines 8/1/2024 805.38 Foster/ Adult Care Home 8/1/2024 805.39 Industrial Occupancy Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.40 Storage Occupancy Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.41 Special Structures and High-Rise Buildings 8/1/2024 Occupancy Inspection Guideline 805.42 Vacant building Inspection Guideline 8/1/2024 805.43 Apartments and Rooming Houses Displacing 8/1/2024 Residents 805.44 Sidewalk Cafes 8/1/2024 805.45 Citing Violations 8/1/2024 805.46 Long Interval Re-Inspections 8/1/2024 805.47 No Deficiencies 8/1/2024 805.48 Re-inspections 8/1/2024 806.00 Maintenance Division 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 807.00 Public Information Officer 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 808.00 Performance Evaluations 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 809.00 Probationary Firefighter Performance Standard 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 810.00 Fire Hose, Care and Maintenance 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 811.00 Fire Officer State Task Books 8/1/2024 812.00 Public Education Coordinator 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 813.00 Non-Fire Rescue Personnel 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 814.00 Recycling Procedures: Fluorescent Bulbs 9/1/2012 Apparatus Maintenance 900.00 Apparatus Maintenance Book 9/1/2012 901.00 Apparatus Maintenance and Daily Checks 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 902.00 Weekly Apparatus Maintenance and Weekly 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 Checks 903.00 Apparatus Maintenance and Checks During and 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 After Pumping 904.00 Reserve Apparatus 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 4 905.00 Equipment Colors 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 906.00 Engine Compartment Configuration 9/1/2012 8/1/2024 5 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines 01.00 Vision and Mission Statement OUR VISION AND MISSION Vision: Tampa Fire Rescue’s vision is to develop a progressive, professional, competent, and technologically efficient fire rescue organization Mission: Tampa Fire Rescue’s mission is to protect, our community by providing immediate response to all request for service. 1 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines 011.00 Safety and Risk Management SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT Operating at Emergency Incidents poses an inherent risk of injury – or worse, death. The purpose of this procedure is to describe the departmental operating policy regarding risk assessment and safety management of emergency incidents. We are committed to providing the safest possible work environment for our members. It is important that all members operating at incidents operate in a safe manner. Each must practice as a “Safe Person” for their own safety, as well as to minimize risk to others. Towards that goal, all members are expected to operate under the following risk management profiles. We Will risk our lives a lot, in a calculated manner, to save SAVABLE lives. We Will risk our lives a Little, in a calculated manner, to save SAVABLE property. We Will Not risk our lives at all for lives or property that are already Lost. This risk management profile will be applied to all emergency incidents and will be continuously re-assessed throughout the incident operation. When considering the SURVIVAL profile of any victims, members must consider the conditions present in the “compartment” or area of fire conditions or other conditions affecting survival. A fire in a rear bedroom of a house, with smoke throughout the house may allow a survivable environment if a search and rescue effort is initiated quickly. We may extend risk, in a calculated manner, with these conditions. A significant fire in a residence with dense smoke under pressure to floor level throughout the building likely means victims could not survive. A very cautious, calculated rescue and fire control operation would be warranted. A well-involved building would likely represent a zero-survivability profile. Similar conditions in an abandoned building would indicate little survivability and little property to be saved and members should avoid an offensive fire fight. Victims buried by a trench collapse or under water for 10 minutes or more, would be unlikely to survive therefore an extremely cautious and a well-planned, safe, recovery operation is required. Rescuers should consider notification time, dispatch processing time, response time, and time on-scene as part of the calculation. Actions in a calculated manner requires: 1. Incident Command established (where applicable) 2. Proper personal protective equipment 3. Accountability system established. 4. Safety procedures in place. 5. Continuous risk assessment by all members 1 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Section: 100.00 INCIDENT COMMAND Purpose: The Incident Commander is the person who drives the command system towards that end. This SOG will establish guidelines for establishing and maintaining the Incident Command System. Tampa Fire Rescue will follow the National Fire Academy Incident Command System’s structure and terminology. Remember that the Incident Command System is a “toolbox” for emergency incident organization. The most significant characteristic of this system is its ability to expand from a routine incident to a complex, multi-agency incident in a logical progression. Other important characteristics include: The ability to be used as an “All Hazard system”, adaptable to all type of emergency incidents. The jurisdictional authority is determined by the geographic location of the incident Span of control is the basis for the modular expansion Unity of command is clearly established by the organizational format The Incident Command is always established and assigned The ICS system uses commonly understood organizational structure, terminology, and operational procedures. These SOG’s will be the basis for the Tampa Fire Rescue’s emergency incident operations. Changes to these SOG’s may occur, as review for all of our emergency operations is an ongoing process. Procedure: Command procedures are designed to: Fix the responsibility for Command on a certain individual through a standard identification system, depending on the arrival sequence of members, companies, and Command officers. Ensure that a strong, direct and visible Command will be established from the onset of the incident. Establish an effective incident organization defining the activities and responsibilities assigned to the Incident Commander and the other individuals operating within the Incident Command System. Provide a system to process information to support incident management, planning, and decision-making. Provide an orderly transfer of command to subsequent arriving officers. The Incident Command System maintains these management principles by identifying the 5 General Staff Functions and the 3 Command Staff functions that the Incident 1  Commander must consider at each incident. Delegation of any of these functions will be dependent upon the Commander's span of control. Command manages the incident including establishing strategic goals, and ordering and releasing resources. Command has ultimate responsibility for the effectiveness of the on-scene activities (i.e. fire, medical, natural disaster, hazardous materials, etc.) and the safety of fire fighters. Additionally, Command is responsible for the following: Conduct initial briefing Activate the Command Sequence and elements of the ICS Brief Command Staff and General Staff Approve and authorize implementation of incident action plans Manage incident operations Approve requests for additional resources and requests for release of resources. Approve plans for demobilization Planning is responsible for the collection and evaluation of information (size-up). This would lead to the development of an oral or written action plan. Planning should be an on-going function on every incident. The information used to plan includes both pre-incident information and that which is gathered at the scene. Additional responsibilities of Planning are: Gathers and analyzes data on resource and situation status Develops alternatives to tactical operations Prepares an incident demobilization plan If technical specialists (i.e., Haz Mat., Environmental) are needed, they would function in this section of the ICS. The Operations function directs all incident tactical resources to accomplish the goals developed by Command. Tactics are the means used to carry out overall incident goals. The Operations function assures that the personnel and equipment at the scene are used to perform their duties in an effective manner. Additionally, Operations is responsible for: Obtaining a briefing from the Incident Commander Developing the operations portion of the Incident Action Plan Briefing and assigning operations personnel in accordance with the Incident Action Plan Supervising operations Determining need and request additional resources Giving periodic reports to Command Coordinating with staging The logistics function provides the services and supplies needed to support incident tactical operations. Some of these are as follows: Communications Medical Food 2  Supplies Facilities Fuel and equipment repair Lighting and air The Finance function would include meeting departmental fiscal or budget needs. It could mean merely documenting the amount of fuel used and completing a fire report. It can extend into very complex areas of purchasing, renting, or documenting the use of foam or overtime. Some of the units that may be included in this function are as follows: Time Unit - Ensure that all personnel time records are maintained and if needed transmitted to home agencies. Claims Unit - injury, death Procurement Unit - Purchasing, renting, etc. Cost Unit - cost analysis information If only one of the above units is needed, it may be placed under the Planning Section. Command Staff Functions The Information function formulates and releases information about the incident to the news media and other appropriate agencies and organizations. The Safety function monitors and assesses hazardous and unsafe situations and develops measures for assuring personnel safety. The Liaison function is the point of contact for assisting and cooperating agency representatives. It is important that those representatives have the authority to make decisions concerning their agency. Summary It is important to note that all of the ICS functions need to be addressed to some extent, on each type and size of incident and that delegation of any of these functions is based on the individual Incident Commander's span of control. Otherwise, all functions and staff responsibilities will remain with the Incident Commander. The mark of an efficiently run incident is that the Incident commander will have available, upon request, an incident organizational diagram (chart) and drawing indicating companies’ positions and assignments Establishing Command The first arriving Tampa Fire Rescue combat unit or officer at the scene of a multiple unit incident response will establish “Command”. That unit or officer will maintain this designation until Command is either transferred or terminated. Initial Report The unit or officer will then transmit, via radio, a brief initial report of the obvious scene conditions, including the following information: 3  1. Unit identification, address or location confirmation. 2. A description of the building or location of the emergency. 3. Obvious incident conditions (see working fire) 4. Confirmation of Command establishment with the appropriate radio designation. 5. Location of Command. 6. A report of any actions being taken by the on-scene unit(s). Example: “Engine 1 is on scene at 101 North Twiggs Street with nothing showing from a commercial high-rise. Engine 1 will be Twiggs Street command in the building lobby, Engine 1 and Truck 1 are investigating”. Note: Rescue Companies may give initial reports/size-up if first on scene. Rescue Companies will not assume command. The incident priorities are always considered in the order below. The actual implementation may vary based upon incident needs. Evaluation of the incident priorities is the basis for setting strategic emergency goals. 1. Life Safety 2. Incident Stabilization 3. Property Conservation Command is responsible for the development of an incident action plan. The action plan will include the completion of the incident goals in their established order. However, it is understood that Life Safety and Incident Stabilization objectives may be addressed simultaneously in order to accomplish the overall objective of Life Safety. Modes of Operation Command can use any one of the following Strategic Operating Modes at an emergency incident as the basis for emergency operations. 1. Rescue (only if conditions exist for a savable life) 2. Investigating 3. Offensive (Including OSHA rules for IDLH atmospheres) 4. Defensive 5. While the command officer has a choice of modes of operation and the degree of personal involvement in the initial operation, he/she continues to be accountable for the identified tasks assigned to the Command function. (For further definition see SOG SECTION INCIDENT COMMAND, Modular Expansion of ICS). Additional Command Responsibilities 4 Upon completion of the initial report and establishment of Command, the Incident Commander will be responsible for completing the following objectives as necessitated by the incident conditions. 1. Maintaining “Command’ until it is either transferred or terminated 2. Performing a “Size-up” and developing an incident action plan. 3. Making assignments to resources based on the incident action plan. Command will use the overall incident objectives as a guide. The priorities of the assignments will be: Rescue Exposures Confinement Extinguishment Overhaul Ventilation * Salvage * (* May be addressed in conjunction with one of the others.) The following will be assigned at all incidents in which firefighting crews engage in offensive or defensive operations: The establishment of an adequate and sustained water supply as required based on the incident scene factors. This is the responsibility of the 2nd due Engine Company (Exception of Highrise fires, refer to Highrise SOG). The establishment of a “Rapid Intervention Crew” as appropriate. 4. Establishment of a Staging Area(s) and request other resources as necessary. 5. Establishment of initial zones of exclusion around releases of Hazardous Materials. 6. Ongoing evaluation of the initial action plan, revisions as needed, expansion the ICS system as needed. Indicate your objective. In addition to being task and company oriented, assignments should indicate an objective to the action. The company should know exactly where to go, to whom to report, what the task will be and what the objective of the task is. Orders should tell what to do not how to do it 7. IC will provide periodic progress reports via the radio every fifteen minutes or at appropriate interval for the incident. This is to maintain an ongoing record of events and provide information about the incident to on-scene resources. As part of these progress reports, three tactical benchmarks will require a formal radio transmission from Command, with an acknowledgment from Fire Communications. They are: 8. “All Clear” report to be given upon completion of the primary search. In the event Command is unable to complete a primary due to incident factors that prevent interior 5  operations, the radio transmission should describe the problem. Example: “Unable to complete primary – structure fully involved” “Fire Under Control” report upon a determination of reasonable incident stabilization. “Fire Loss Stopped” report upon completion of all fire related work to include but not limited to salvage, overhaul, etc.… and confirmation with Thermal Imaging Camera 9. Incident Demobilization and Termination: Demobilization should include CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) as necessary. Consideration should be given to the order in which resources arrived on scene and the extent of personnel fatigue as the result of the workload of emergency operations. (First in, first out) 10. Documentation: An after-action report will be completed by the District/Division Chief for all ‘Working Structure Fires’. 6 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Section: 101.00 Transfer of Command TRANSFER OF COMMAND Purpose: The Incident Command System is designed to allow for the orderly transfer of Command to subsequent arriving officers. The following guidelines outline the transfer of Command within the framework of Tampa Fire Rescue’s Incident Command functions. Procedure: Command is transferred to improve the quality of the Command organization. In certain situations, it may be advantageous for the first arriving Incident Commander (i.e. Company Officer) to transfer Command to the next Company arriving on the scene. This will be indicated in the initial commitments of the first arriving Company (example: an immediate rescue situation that requires a full crew). In this situation, the initial arriving Company Officer will be the Incident Commander in the offensive mode until the next arriving Company Officer assumes Command via radio transmission. To prevent a "gap" in Incident Command: COMMAND SHALL NOT BE TRANSFERRED TO AN OFFICER WHO IS NOT ON THE SCENE. A. Command Transfer Guidelines Transfers of Command should occur on a face-to-face basis. However, some extraordinary conditions may necessitate command transfer via radio. A transfer briefing will occur between the command officer and his/her relief. The following information may be exchanged: Incident conditions (fire location and extent, Haz mat spill or release, number of patients, etc.) Incident Action plan. Tactical objectives and any completed objectives. The effectiveness of the current action plan. Safety considerations. Assignment of operating companies. Appraisal of the need for additional resources. District Chiefs shall use discretion in assuming command of all working incidents including working fires, rescue situations or any other incident that companies and or personnel are conducting active operations. 1 Division Chief #1 shall assume command on second alarm or greater incidents and a Safety Officer will be designated. Individuals with NFPA Incident Safety Officer (ISO) training should be considered for this position. Individuals relieved of Command responsibilities will be used by the Incident Commander to support the overall incident action plan. 2 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Section: 102.00 Level 1 & 2 Staging LEVEL 1 & 2 STAGING PURPOSE: The objective of this SOG is to establish guidelines for Staging within the Tampa Fire Rescue Incident Command System. Discussion The objective of any staging function is to provide a standard system of placement for unassigned incident resources. The effective use of this function assists the IC with incident management by: Preventing unassigned apparatus and personnel from causing confusion and congestion at an incident scene. Increasing safety and accountability Placing uncommitted resources as close to the incident as possible to speed their deployment to needed tasks and functions Assigning accountability for the management of these extra resources to a Staging Officer. Procedure: A. Level I Staging The standard First Alarm response for the Tampa Fire Rescue usually consists of three Engine Companies, one Truck Company, one Rescue Company, and Chief Officer. All first alarm companies will report on-scene by radio to Dispatch on F-12, F-12H and F-17D. Communications will not affirm arrival of first alarm companies via radio in order to reduce radio traffic. Unless otherwise directed by Command, all responding companies to any multiple unit response will take the following Staging Positions. First Due Engine Company Reports to the front of the structure, or as near to the incident scene as safely possible allowing space for a truck company. Establishes Command. Second Due Engine Company Unless otherwise directed by command, second due engine reports to the scene, or as close as safely possible, taking a position that enables the company to drop off personnel, and secure a water supply as needed (hydrants will be flushed to determine if operational). If during the 1 initial report, the First Due Engine makes an interior attack or declares a ‘Working Fire’ a supply line will be laid from the closest hydrant if not already in place. Third Due Engine Company Unless otherwise directed by command, third due engine reports to the scene, or as close as safely possible, taking a position that enables the company to drop off personnel and equipment for RIC Operations. First Due Truck Company Reports to the scene directly in front of the structure, prepares for assignments from Command consistent with Truck Company functions. “The front of the building belongs to the Truck Company”. Rescue Company Reports to scene or most advantageous position to facilitate Command functions if necessary (assist Truck Company). Chief Officer Reports to scene or most advantageous position to facilitate Command functions from the D/C vehicle or the designated stationary Command Post. Note: Any other unit responding with first alarm will stage as directed by Command. If Command does not designate a staging area, all units will stage one block or more away from the incident in the direction of travel. Command has the option of assigning resources before their arrival as necessitated by Incident scene conditions. Quick Access Plan or Pre-Incident Surveys for specific hazards may change this procedure. B. Level II Staging “Level Two Staging” will be initiated when an IC calls for additional resources or greater alarms. The IC will use radio traffic that clearly states his/her request for additional alarms or resources. (IC’s are cautioned against “piece-mealing” or calling for single resources if the incident requires extra resources. Upon request of third additional engine, Dispatch will automatically dispatch the remainder of the second alarm). Command will also designate a Staging Area. Consideration should be given to large parking areas that will be close enough to be in a safe location as well as provide for quick deployment of staged resources. Once additional resources have arrived in Level II Staging, they will report on scene by radio on the ‘Staging’ channel or face to face with the staging officer. (Note: ‘Staging channel is not monitored by Communications) 2  C. STAGING OFFICER The first arriving unassigned unit to arrive in Level II Staging will assume the function of Staging Officer. The Staging Officer will be required to perform these functions as part of the IC System: Notify the IC of the establishment of “Staging” on the appropriate Command Channel and the unit accountable for that function. Ex: “Engine 20 is on scene in Staging, E-20 will now be “Staging”. Create a list of available resources in Level II Staging. The Staging Officer will communicate only with the IC or the Operations Officer with regard to requests for resources from Level II Staging. The Staging Officer will ensure companies receive their assignments from Command and maintain a list of those assignments and the area/division assigned. The Staging Officer has the option to utilize his/her company to assist with the Staging area management or he/she may assign their personnel to another company officer. Unless otherwise directed by Command, the Staging Officer will advise Command when minimum strength for Level II Staging reaches Two Engine Companies or as directed by Command. 3 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Section: 103.00 Modular Expansion of ICS MODULAR EXPANSION OF ICS Purpose: To establish guidelines for the Modular Expansion of the ICS System using the National Fire Academy Model for Incident Command. To identify common terminology which will be used by Tampa Fire Rescue Incident Commanders utilizing ICS. To identify incident scene flow- charts for emergency incident structuring. Discussion Emergency incidents often evolve into complex events that quickly exceed the capabilities of one person to manage safely and effectively. Modular expansion of the IC System insures that a command structure is in place that will reduce the IC’s span of control to a manageable number (five to one is desired, but this number will vary depending on the severity and complexity of the emergency incident). The Tampa Fire Rescue Incident Commander must use the ICS System as if it were a toolbox. By using the National Fire Academy’s model for ICS structuring, an IC can use only the ICS tools necessary for the complexity of the incident, or expand the structure as the incident grows in severity and complexity. National Fire Academy Model The NFA Model for Incident Command has the following characteristics: It is an All-Hazards System adaptable to all types of emergency incidents Jurisdictional authority is established by the geographic location of the incident Reducing the span of control is the basis for modular expansion of the ICS. The NFA ICS System uses common terms, organizational structures, and procedures that are nationally accepted as the standard for emergency incident management. Another component, which can be implemented, is the use of multi-agency/ multi-jurisdictional emergency management. TERMINOLOGY Agent - An agent of Tampa Fire Rescue is any contracted agency member or officer whose contractual agreements include emergency responses within the city limits of Tampa. A-Side (Alpha)- This will be the term used in radio traffic to designate the geographic front of the incident. This will be the reference point from which all other exterior designations are based. When it is staffed with more than one resource, it becomes a division. (Normally the address side unless prohibited to do so). 1 Branch - An organizational level between IC and Division/Groups. Branches work for IC and manage a functional activity or geographic area. At large complex incidents where Operations has been implemented, branches will report to Operations. B-Side (Bravo) - This will be the radio designation for the left exterior side. When it is staffed with more than one resource, it becomes a division. Command - This will be the radio designation for the Incident Commander. This term will be acceptable for use after the formal radio designation has been established in the initial report. Ex: North Tyson Street Command can be just “Command”. Command Staff - The Safety Officer, Liaison, PIO, positions within ICS / IMS. C-Side (Charlie) - This will the radio designation for the rear of an exterior area (side) of an incident. When staffed with more than one resource, it becomes a division. D-Side (Delta) - This will be the radio designation of the right side of an exterior incident. When staffed with more than one resource, it becomes a division. Division - An organizational structure responsible for all operations in a defined geographical location, commanded by a supervisor. General Staff - Operations, Planning, Logistics, Administration / Finance sections within the ICS / IMS Groups - Organizational structures that are responsible for a specific function for the entire incident. Example: a ventilation group is responsible for all types of ventilation for the entire structure. A supervisor also commands groups. Groups and divisions are equal in the ICS and report to the branch director, operations chief, then the IC. IDLH - This refers to an unsafe atmosphere and means Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. IDLH is assumed at all working fires beyond the incipient stage, all releases of hazardous materials that are known inhalation hazards, all releases of unknown type chemicals, in all confined spaces, in all trench collapses, and in all areas at an emergency incident that have not been air monitored to establish zones of exclusion. Modes of Operation - Used by the initial IC to determine the strategic direction of initial company actions. Investigative - IC observes nothing showing, IC actions promote the investigation of the situation. 2 Offensive – IC observes working fire or active release of hazardous materials that can be controlled by aggressive actions of first due companies. This mode includes obvious rescue situations. Defensive - IC observes conditions too dangerous for aggressive interior actions or large releases of unknown hazardous materials. Operations - Operations is an organizational level under IC and should be implemented when necessary to maintain the IC's span of control for complex incidents or incidents covering large geographical areas. Operations assist IC in the development of strategic goals and tactical objectives and is responsible for the management of all tactical operations at the incident. Other responsibilities include: Request or release resources through the IC Consult with IC about overall incident action plan Keep IC informed of situation and resource status within Operations Supervise the Staging Area Manager Under Control – The radio report that command will transmit to communications upon receiving confirmation that the forward progress of the incident has been halted. For fire incidents, this will mean the forward progress of the fire has been stopped. For rescue incidents, this will mean the patient is free or out of danger. For Haz-Mat incidents, this will mean the progress of the release is minimized or stopped Procedure When a Tampa Fire Rescue Command officer is faced with a complex emergency incident, he/she will expand the Incident Command system using the NFA model for expansion. The following procedures will be used to expand the system so as to reduce the span of control to one supervisor to five subordinate functions: As long as an incident commander has one company assigned to one task, command can use that company’s designation in radio traffic. (Ex: E-20 assigned only to fire control would be “E-20” over the radio, T-1 assigned only to ventilation would be “Truck One”, over the radio.) IC should be cautioned to maintain span of control and be prepared to expand the system if needed. When an emergency incident grows to a point where a single IC has more than two companies assigned to the same function (Fire Control, Ventilation, Property Conservation, etc.), he/she will designate an officer to establish a “Functional Assignment” for that task. That officer who is assigned by Command will be accountable for developing an action plan to accomplish the goals set by the IC. (Ex. “contain the fire to the second floor”, “ventilate the roof”,” stop the leak”, or “search the first and second floors”). The officer in charge of the functional assignment will perform a size-up and request resources as needed from the IC or Division supervisor. The radio designation for the assignment will be consistent with its primary objective. (Ex: “Fire Control”, “Ventilation”, “Search and Rescue” etc.) 3 When an incident commander has more than one functional assignment designated to a division, he/she will assign a “Division Commander”. A division will be a floor in a multi-story building or the roof or basements and sub-basements. Examples: Exterior Operations (Front of Incident - located by Command Post: Division A may or may not be located by the street address or the front of the building. If command is located in the rear of the structure, then this becomes Division A and the location is announced over the radio during size-up) Charlie Bravo Delta ROOF Alpha (Front of Incident – Command) 4 Examples: Multi-Story Structure, Interior Operations Roof Division Division Five Division Four Division Three Division Two (2nd floor) Division One (1st floor) Below Grade Sub Division 1 Sub Division 2 Division Commanders will be accountable to develop action plans that accomplish the overall incident priorities established by Command. An Incident Commander may also correct span of control problems with assignments to “Groups”. Groups can be formed for short periods of time and assigned functional activities such as fire control or search and rescue. Groups have leaders who will report to the next level of supervision. Example: Four ladder companies are formed into a Search and Rescue Group at a multi-story structure and ordered to report to Division 1. Once the Search and Rescue Group has completed their assignment, they can be reassigned to another function. 5 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Subject: 104.00 Personnel Accountability PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY Purpose: Provide a system of personnel accountability to account for all firefighters at any given time within a small geographical area within the hazard zone of an incident. Use of the system will provide enhanced personnel safety for the individual firefighter and provide the incident command organizational staff an improved means to track and account for all personnel working in the hazard zone. The Hazard Zone will be defined as any area that requires an SCBA or in which a firefighter is at risk of becoming lost, trapped, or injured by the environment or structure. This would include, but may not be limited to, entering a structure reported to be on fire, operating in close proximity to the structure during exterior operations. Compliance: This system shall comply with NFPA 1500, 6-3, 6-4, and 6-5. I. System components Each member of the department will be issued (3) personnel accountability tags with individual's name and employee number on card and color code to designate rank as follows: Rank Color All Chiefs Purple Captains White Lieutenants Blue Paramedics Green Driver-Engineer Red Firefighters Yellow Inspectors / Investigators Orange Civilians Blank Each piece of apparatus will be assigned a large split ring with the apparatus designated by color and printed tag as follows: Equipment Type Card Color Engine Blue Rescue White 1  Truck Red ARFF Green Specialized Apparatus Orange (Brush, Vent, Haz-Mat, Chief) It will be the Company Officers’ responsibility to ensure that all personnel assigned to his/her company place their personal PAR card, with FOB, on the apparatus I.D. Ring upon reporting for duty. The Driver-Engineer will retain his/her PAR tag and FOB until assigned to a crew or work group at an emergency scene. The apparatus passport ring will be stored in the cab, on the officer’s side, in a location easily visible upon opening the officer’s side door. All passport accountability equipment, rings, and tags will be considered safety equipment and will be repaired or replaced as soon as possible on priority requests. Blank, unmarked tags can be produced on scene for non-TFR personnel. Each employee is responsible for knowing the location of their passport rings and/or tags during emergency and non-emergency situations. Individuals will not be allowed to report for duty without their PAR tag and attached FOB. Anyone doing so will be disciplined, along with their supervisor, for allowing said individual to ride on any apparatus without a PAR card. This is safety equipment. No employee will be considered ready for duty without their PAR tag and FOB. Disciplinary action may be awarded to the individual within the Chain of Command ho violates this policy. Remember this is a vital component of Firefighter safety equipment. II. INCIDENT SCENE ACCOUNTABILITY Once the Incident Command System has been established, the Incident Commander will be responsible for the following procedures related to accountability. A. Initial Fire Operations First arriving agents or officers at an emergency incident that involves IDLH fire atmospheres will ensure that a “two in, two out” system is in place before any member can begin interior or confined space operations. Note: Confined Space operations have their own procedures. Tampa Fire Rescue Companies that arrive at fire IDLH incident with less than five members will take other actions as necessary to begin fire control operations without entering the IDLH atmosphere. The only exception to this procedure will be “imminent rescue situations”. These are situations where the IC determines that human life will be saved by entry into the IDLH atmosphere without the presence of a fifth member on scene. Companies that arrive at an IDLH fire incident with less than five members may conduct support activities such as size-up, outside ventilation, and attack line placement, as long as no member enters the IDLH atmosphere. B. Rapid intervention crew See SOG 110 2  C. Level One Accountability Level One Accountability begins at the start of each tour day with the placement of members PAR tags on their assigned apparatus. Level One Accountability is recommended for each single unit response as well as One Alarm (1) incident operations not involving confined space rescue or hazardous material releases. The IC remains responsible for the physical whereabouts of each company and member’s incident scene location. D. Level Two Accountability Level Two Accountability begins at the discretion of the IC. When Level Two Accountability is initiated by Command, he/she will establish the IC function of “Accountability”. The Accountability Officer or Officers (may be a single person up to a complete company) will ensure all PAR tag rings are collected from on scene as well as staged apparatus. A list of on- scene personnel will be established from the PAR tags. Level Two Accountability is recommended for multi-alarm incidents, fire operations involving large area structures, after or in anticipation of emergency conditions that require a change from Offensive to Defensive Modes of operation, and any time an IC feels an operation is progressing faster than the on-scene resources can control it. E. Level Three Accountability Level Three Accountability will begin at the discretion of the Incident Commander. If Level Three Accountability is initiated, an IC function of “Accountability” will be established with an “Entry Control Officer” and his or her full company. Situations that an IC will initiate Level Three Accountability are; confined space and trench rescues, all hazardous material incidents were a Hot Zone has been identified and Haz-Mat has established an entry control system. Some Haz-Mat releases may call for Level Three Accountability if non-Haz-Mat companies are involved in the operations in Hot or Warm Zones. The Haz-Mat officer will advise Command of these types of situations. In IDLH operations involving fires in large area and high-rise structures, as soon as practical, consider Level Three Accountability. The difference between Level Two and Level Three Accountability is the strict control of entry into the IDLH atmosphere or Hot Zone. The Entry Control Officer will collect a PAR tag from each member entering the IDLH atmosphere of Hot Zone; record the entry time as well as the member’s name. The IC will establish the time limit for work in the Hot Zone or IDLH atmosphere. The Entry Control Officer will track all members time in the IDLH or Hot Zone area. Once the set time is reached, the Entry Control Officer will notify the members operating in the control area that they must come out. Once members are notified that they have reached their time limit, they must exit the area immediately. The Entry Control Officer will give the member back his/her tag once they have exited the controlled area. The IC will provide and maintain the necessary back up and RIC before members can operate in Level Three Accountability situations. The Entry Control Officer will track all activities within the controlled areas and maintain written records of each member’s time in the control area. 3  F. Personnel Accountability Report A PAR will be required for the following situations: Any report of a missing or trapped firefighter. Any activation of the radio’s ‘Emergency’ button. Any change from offensive to defensive attack. Any sudden hazardous event at the incident - flash over, back draft, collapse, etc. By all crews reporting “all clear", after primary and secondary searches. Company officers of crews responsible for search and rescue will ensure they have PAR for their crews at that time. At completion of assignments. At a report of fire under control G. Rules of Implementation Passport implementation should consider the following basic rules: Passports never enter the hazard zone. Must be maintained at the point of entry to the hazard zone. Must reflect only those personnel presently in the hazard zone. Crews must turn in their passport rings upon entering the hazard zone and must retrieve their passport rings upon exit from the hazard zone, rehab and resource staging. 4 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Section: 105.00 Accountability and Safety ACCOUNTABILITY AND SAFETY Purpose: This Tactical Order will outline the Tampa Fire Rescue’s safety and accountability Standard Operating Guidelines for operations at emergency incidents. This procedure also identifies individual, company and Command level activities for the search and rescue of a lost or trapped fire fighter(s). Discussion The safety and accountability of the members of the Tampa Fire Rescue will be the basis for all emergency incident operations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Respiratory Regulation (29 CFR 1910.134) and The NFPA 1500 Standard for Occupational Safety and Health require a functioning accountability system for all emergency IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) operations. Tampa Fire Rescue recognizes that the implementation of such systems at emergency scenes is not an option. All TFR companies and officers will utilize the following SOG’s each time there is a response to an emergency IDLH atmosphere incident. All members of Tampa Fire Rescue are responsible for safety during emergency incident operations. All Supervisors (including acting supervisors) are accountable for the implementation and maintenance of the accountability system. Failure by an individual or officer to adhere to these procedures may result in disciplinary action up to and including termination. Procedure (Personal accountability system): All members of Tampa Fire Rescue are responsible for insuring safe working areas during both emergency and non-emergency situations. A member who observes an unsafe act or situation must report their observations to the next level of supervision. If a member determines that an unsafe act or situation exists, in their judgment, could be considered “immediately life threatening”, that member will use all reasonable means necessary to prevent the situation from becoming deadly. Tampa Fire Rescue will use a “Personal Accountability System” for all emergency incident operations. The components of this system are personal identification tags (PAR Tags), issued to all members, an Incident Command system, and if established, an Entry Control Officer, PAR reports, and written record of incident scene actions. 1 Incident Command System Tampa Fire Rescue’s accountability system will begin with the establishment of a formal “Command” structure at an emergency incident. The IC will be responsible for the safety and accountability all personnel on scene. The IC may appoint a Safety Officer as conditions become more complex and the span of control is beyond accepted levels to ensure personnel safety. Upon designation of a Safety Officer, Command will announce this designation on the operating channels (ex: Command to all units, C-3 is now Safety). The appointment of a Safety Officer does not relieve Command from on scene safety accountability. The Safety Officer reports directly to Command and has the authority to stop all life-threatening actions he/she observes. All other safety violations will be reported to Command. A. Entry Control Officer If an IC establishes Level II or III Accountability, he/she must assign the IC function of “Accountability” and assign an Entry Control Officer. This officer or company will be accountable to track and control personnel entry into an IDLH fire atmosphere or Hazardous Material Hot Zone. An individual officer or a complete company can fill this function. The Entry Control Officer will maintain written records of all personnel assigned to the IDLH area on the appropriate clipboard. This officer will maintain visual or radio contact with Command throughout the incident. B. Personnel Accountability Report If an IC needs to do a formal accounting of on scene personnel, he/she may do so by initiating a PAR report. For situations that need a PAR report refer to SOG Section PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY (F). Command will call for a PAR report following all emergency scene operations where Level II or III Accountability was established. It will be the discretion of the IC to initiate PAR under other situations, however it will be conducted with the second progress report on any incident, or as the IC feels necessary. Once the IC calls for PAR, the following procedures will take place: All company officers will determine the location of their assigned personnel. All Division supervisors will determine the location and number of companies in his/her division. The Entry Control Officer (if established) or Command will call each company on scene over the radio or inquire face to face, if the company has “PAR”. A written record of the PAR report will be kept by Command. C. First Line Supervision (Company Officer) Responsibilities, PAR tags Each first line supervisor or company officer will ensure that each member has three accountability tags (PAR Tags). At the beginning of each tour of duty the Company Officer or supervisor will ensure that one of the members PAR Tag’s is secured to a ring carried on the member’s assigned apparatus or response vehicle. Support personnel that 2 respond to emergency incident will be issued PAR tags. These members will be responsible to ensure the Incident Commander receives their PAR tag once the accountability system is initiated. District Chief’s Responsibilities, PAR Tags Each District Chief will ensure that Officers and members have intact and recognizable PAR Tags. District Chief’s will periodically inspect his/her member’s apparatus to ensure that each member’s PAR tag is carried on the apparatus during a tour of duty. 3 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Section: 106.00 Lost of Trapped Firefighter; Basic Self-Survival LOST OF TRAPPED FIREFIGHTER; BASIC SELF-SURVIVAL I. Lost or Trapped Firefighters The rescue of trapped or lost firefighter in a burning building is especially time sensitive. There is a very narrow window of survivability for a firefighter that is out of S.C.B.A. air supply or trapped by approaching fire. Individual firefighters must not delay reporting if they become lost, trapped or in need of assistance. Company Officers must also not delay the reporting of lost firefighters or inability to complete accountability reports. Command and Company Officers must always assume that the missing firefighter is lost in the building until the firefighter can be accounted for. Command must also restructure the strategy and action plan to include a high priority rescue effort. A. “May-Day” Radio Message Lost or trapped firefighters need to report their status as being in trouble by activating the “‘emergency”’ button on the radio (if possible) and use the radio message “May-Day, May Day, May Day”. Any member may use "May-Day" to report a lost firefighter. Any report of "May-Day" will receive priority radio traffic followed by the emergency traffic tone. The term "May-Day" will be reserved ONLY to report lost or trapped firefighters. The term "urgent message" will be used to report other emergencies. The ‘Emergency’ button and/or the term "May-Day, May Day, May Day" typically will be used in the following situations: By the member who is lost, trapped, or injured. By the company officer, group or division officer or another member who cannot account for an assigned firefighter who is operating in the hazard zone. The "May-Day" would generally occur following a PAR report that fails to locate/account for the suspected lost member. By a member who witnesses or has confirmed that a firefighter is lost or in trouble. B. Command Response to Firefighter “May-Day” The Incident Commander MUST ALWAYS assume that the missing firefighter is lost or trapped in the building until the firefighter is accounted for. Rapid, concise, decisions and actions must be taken to increase survivability. The following is a list of actions to be taken by Command for a reported missing or trapped firefighter. 1  These are guidelines and do not necessarily need to be accomplished in the order listed. The first five (5) must be accomplished very rapidly. 1. Emergency Button activation and/or “MAY DAY” - Immediately upon a report of a missing or trapped firefighter, Communications will advise Command that a "MAY DAY" has been called. Following the confirmation of a May Day, Command should announce to alert all operating units the operational change for a lost or trapped firefighter (example: "We have a 'May-Day' in Division 2"). 2. Change the Strategy - HIGH PRIORITY RESCUE EFFORT - The Incident Commander must restructure the strategy to include a high priority firefighter rescue effort. A rapid, well thought out, rescue plan must be developed, and the Command organization expanded. The plan and objectives must be communicated to other Command Staff and Company Officers for implementation. 3. Immediately Request Additional Alarms for Confirmed Firefighter Rescue Operations- At least one additional alarm will be immediately dispatched, and additional alarms may be requested based on circumstances and potential. Level two staging will be implemented. 4. Fireground Accountability - A Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) must be immediately requested from all companies operating on the fire ground. This is especially important in situations of structural collapse. Command cannot develop an effective rescue plan until accurate information is available on the number of missing firefighters, their identity, their last reported work area, and which companies are affected. 5. Commit the Rapid Intervention Team - Command will immediately send the rapid intervention team(s) (R.I.C.) to the most appropriate location to initiate search and rescue efforts (typically the last reported work area). 6. Assess situation in Affected Area: A) If imminent threat to life of interior crews, such as collapse or potential for collapse, withdraw companies from affected area. A PAR should be called during this assessment and after evacuation. B) If assessment does not pose a threat to life of interior crews, other than crews actively engaged in fire attack, consider reassigning crews to locate firefighter that has transmitted “May Day.” *Withdrawal is a judgment call based on circumstances at the time, information available, and resources. It may not be practical or possible to do. However, the 2 absolute need for an accurate (PAR) and information on missing firefighters remains a critical priority. * 7. Do Not Abandon Fire Fighting Positions to Provide Reinforcement - Abandoning fire-fighting positions during the rescue effort should be avoided. Command and crews should take aggressive measures to protect trapped or missing firefighters from the effects of the fire. Efforts should be concentrated on reinforcing existing positions, keeping the fire out of the rescue area, and providing appropriate ventilation and lighting. In some situations, it may be appropriate to write off some areas of the building in order to relocate companies and crews to better protect the rescue effort. 8. Assign Chief Officer to The Rescue Group / Division - A chief officer will be assigned to direct the rescue group / division and rescue operations. Depending on the size of the rescue area and the complexity of operations, more than one chief officer may be needed to fill additional support positions or divisions/groups before entering the building. The group / division officer will assign specific areas or grids of the building to each rescue team (company) to conduct searches. Search efforts must be closely coordinated between group / divisions and Command must be kept informed. 9. Assign a Safety Officer - Rescue operations are high risk. The rescue operation may be taking place in post-collapse conditions or a flashover environment. Emotions may be high, and firefighters will tend to want to freelance and take chances. A Safety Officer must be assigned to monitor activity and evaluate the safety of the operation. An available chief officer should assume this position as soon as possible. Other Safety Officers responsibilities will be to conduct an assessment of the hazards, thus, allowing time for the rescue group/division officer to concentrate on the critical rescue effort. 10. Open/Unlock All Doors, If Appropriate - All doors in the immediate area should be unlocked or forced open, and at least the immediate interior area quickly searched. Where practical, the doors should be left open to provide an emergency escape route, unless doing so will have negative effects on the fire. In all cases, the doors must remain unlocked. 11. Ventilate, Maintain Tenability/Lighting - Reducing smoke conditions, through effective ventilation, improves the air quality for any victims, and will enhance search and rescue capabilities through increased visibility of the interior. Both vertical and positive pressure ventilation should be aggressively employed. Early lighting of the operation (both interior and exterior) needs to be included. 12. Coordinate And Control the Search Efforts - The Incident Commander must ensure that a complete, coordinated and controlled search is conducted. Close coordination of all search efforts is a must in order to eliminate duplicate searches that waste time. All areas must be thoroughly searched. 3 13. R.I.C. - S.C.B.A. Rescue Kit - Each rescue team should enter the building with at least one R.I.C.-S.C.B.A. Rescue Kit for each reported lost/trapped firefighter. Missing firefighters may have exhausted their S.C.B.A. air supply or may be trapped and cannot be quickly extricated. In each case the firefighter must be provided "clean" air to increase survivability. 14. Watch For Structural Stability of The Building - All personnel must watch the structural stability of the building throughout the rescue effort. Where a structural collapse has occurred, or the fire or other event has compromised the structural integrity of the building, a structural specialist should evaluate the structure. 15. Strong Supervision Required - Strong supervision and control of activities will be required by all officers. Emotions will be very high. Firefighters in this situation will tend to want to free-lance or take higher risk. Treatment personnel will need to be restricted to only those needed. Crowd control of our own non-essential personnel may be required. 16. Ensure That Ric Team Monitors All Appropriate Radio Channels - Should a lost firefighter declare an emergency on a channel other than the fire ground tactical channel, Command must be immediately directed to the lost firefighter’s channel for direct communication. 17. General Considerations - When searching for a lost member, rescue crews should consider the following: Visible sighting of trapped firefighters such as arms or legs. Knowledge of their last known location. The sound of the PASS device’s audible tones. Shouts for help from the collapsed area. Tapping noise, etc. Sounds of portable radio broadcast in the collapsed area. Breathing, moaning sounds. The sound of the S.C.B.A. bell sounding. Radio request for help from portable radios from within the collapsed area. Tracing attack hose lines into the collapsed area. Tracing of lines into the area. Evidence of building structures or locations that were described by lost firefighters. Flashlight beams. Location of ladders, fans, lights, or other equipment being used by missing firefighters. Open or unlock all doors. Search the immediate area of doorway first. Search hallways before interior rooms. Search exterior walls (interior sides) before searching interior open spaces. Search large interior spaces in a detailed grid pattern. 4  Ensure all areas are searched. Take one R.I.T.-S.C.B.A. Rescue Kit for each lost firefighter in the search area. Use lifelines when searching "off hose line" to ensure safety of rescuers. II. Basic Self-Survival Responsibilities The following are basic guidelines for firefighters to follow if they become lost or trapped in a building: The nature of firefighting places the firefighter at risk of becoming lost or trapped. The toxic environment provides only a narrow window of survivability. Survival depends on a mix of predictable self-survival actions by the lost firefighter and the Incident Commander. A. Call for Help Immediately Firefighters who find themselves lost or trapped must immediately activate the ‘Emergency’ button and use "May Day" to announce their situation while they continue to attempt to find their way out. Firefighters should not delay notification of distress. Notifications should occur as soon as the firefighter THINKS he or she is in trouble. Delay compromises the window of survivability. LOST or TRAPPED FIREFIGHTER PROCEDURES A firefighter may become lost or trapped when there is a sudden and unexpected change in fire behavior or a collapse. A firefighter lost or disoriented firefighter is in danger of running out of air. In any case, the firefighter must declare a “Mayday” immediately and not wait. The following outlines the steps that should be adhered to: 1. Portable radio emergency button activated 2. Communication with command attempted with the following information: Unit followed by Mayday, Mayday, Mayday” Nature of Distress Assignment Air Supply Resources Attempting Self Rescue LUNARS (Location, Unit, Nature, Air, Recourses, Situation)/ Who, What, Where Report 3. Aim flashlight at ceiling 4. Re-attempt radio communication 5. PASS alarm manually activated *Note: The manual activation of a PASS alarm is to give the rapid intervention team an audible reference point to the lost/ trapped firefighters location. However, at 95 dba’s the PASS alarm may inhibit radio communication with the IC, safety officer and RIT. The lost/-trapped firefighter must communicate with the 5  personnel attempting to locate them and determine the best method to omit an audible reference point. These methods may include, but are not limited to: PASS alarm manually activated Radio communication Striking tools against objects Yelling out Combination of all the above B. “May-Day, May Day, May Day Radio Message A lost or trapped firefighter reporting their status as being in trouble and needing rescue will use the radio message “May-Day, May Day, May Day”. Lost or trapped firefighters need to report their status as being in trouble by activating the “‘emergency”’ button on the radio (if possible) , transmit “May-Day, May Day, May Day,” and give a “May Day” report using (LUNAR or WHO, WHAT, WHERE). Any member may use “May-Day, May Day, May Day to report a lost firefighter. Any report of "May-Day" or ‘Emergency’ button activation will receive priority radio traffic followed by confirmation from Communications to Command. The term “May-Day, May Day, May Day will be reserved ONLY to report lost or trapped firefighters. The term "urgent message" will be used to report other emergencies. C. Response to Emergency Traffic Call To initiate priority radio traffic, Command will announce “Emergency Radio Traffic” over all channels in use at the scene. D. Stay On ‘RIC’ Channel E. Activate Pass Device As soon as a firefighter recognizes he/she is lost or trapped, the PASS device must be manually activated to sound the audible tone. The device must remain on until rescued. If the device interferes with the lost firefighters communicating critical radio messages to Incident Commander or rescuers, the device may be turned off temporarily. Once messages are completed, the device must again be manually activated. F. Crews Stay Together Members that separate from each other make it difficult for rescuers to find all firefighters. Crew members that stay intact as a crew enhance their chances for ALL being rescued and allow easier, more efficient extrication. G. Follow the Hose or Lifeline Out Crew members should stay with the hose line (or lifeline) and follow it out whenever possible. All firefighters must remember that the female side of the couplings leads toward the pump (outside), male side of the couplings leads toward the nozzle (the fire). 6  The hose line should always be treated as a safety line to the outside. Where lifeline ropes are in use, follow the lifeline to the exterior. H. Searching for an Exit A lost firefighter should always attempt to get out of the building by whatever means possible. Where doors, windows, or other egress is not available, firefighters should attempt to reach an exterior wall. Once at the wall he/she will be able to search for doorways, windows, and hallways, which generally lead to the outside. Rescuers will first search hallways, around walls, and around windows and doors, before sweeping large interior areas. For this reason, lost firefighters must try to avoid stopping in the middle of open spaces. Getting to hallways, doors, or windows will increase the chances of being rescued early. These actions also provide predictable activities that will aid rescuers. I. Retreat To a Safe Refuge Where the firefighter cannot find a way out, but there is a safe refuge (protective room or floor) away from the fire that the firefighter can retreat to, he/she should take advantage of this location. Command and the rescuers should then be advised of the location by whatever means possible. J. Stay Calm and Conserve Air A conscious effort must be made by the lost firefighter to control breathing. Unnecessary talking or physical activity must be ceased, unless absolutely needed. Firefighters must control and pace their physical exertion activities in order to extend their SCBA air supply. K. Recovery Position If a firefighter cannot get out, he/she should assume a recovery position on the floor on one side. This maximizes the audible effects of the PASS device. The firefighter should attempt to take this position at an exterior wall, doorway or hallway that maximizes quick discovery by rescue crews. L. Flashlights/Tapping Noise If assuming a position to await rescuers, firefighters should attempt to position their flashlight toward the ceiling. This will enhance the rescuer's ability to see the light and locate the downed firefighter. If able, firefighters should attempt tapping noises to assist rescuers in locating him/her (i.e., hitting a tool against a metal roll-up door). M. Company officers Company Officers who are unable to locate a crew or firefighters assigned to them, must immediately notify Command of the situation. If not immediately found via PAR, Command shall initiate ‘May Day’ procedures. When possible, the Company Officer should include who is missing, last known location, and actions being taken. Firefighting 7 positions must not be abandoned during the rescue effort and free-lancing must be controlled by the Company Officers. Command will initiate a rescue effort. 8 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Section: 107.00 Company Operations COMPANY OPERATIONS I. Separation And Organization of Fire Ground Duties Standard company operations assign basic fireground functions and activities to companies based upon the capability and characteristics of each type of unit. Standard company operations integrate the efforts of engine, truck, and rescue companies to achieve effective rescue, fire control, and loss control activities. Also, it helps reduce the amount and detail of orders required to get companies into action on the fireground. A. Engine Company 1. Definition A Tampa Fire Rescue Engine Company will be a class “A” engine staffed with a group of trained firefighters to perform fire extinguishment and treatment of the injured as a primary fire ground function. An engine company may be used to perform other duties as required on the fire ground. 2. Functions Tampa Fire Rescue engine companies shall be responsible for performing the following primary functions on the fire ground: A. Remove victims and treat the injured B. Advance hose lines C. Operate nozzles D. Maintain an adequate fire flow E. Confine the fire and protect exposures F. Extinguish the fire G. Obtain a water supply 3. Special Operations On most fire ground operations there will be many more engine companies than truck or rescue companies. Therefore, engine companies should be prepared to support truck company functions or perform truck company duties, especially on multiple alarm response situations. B. Truck Company 1 1. Definition A Tampa Fire Rescue truck company shall consist of hydraulic aerial apparatus equipped with standard complement of ground ladders and tools and staffed by a group of trained firefighters to perform search and rescue, ventilation, forcible entry, and various other necessary fire ground functions. Truck Company apparatus may or may not be equipped with fire pump and hose lines. Truck companies shall not be used to perform engine company functions on the fire ground except for extraordinary circumstances where no engine company is available. 2. Functions Tampa Fire Rescue truck companies shall be responsible for performing the following primary functions on the fire ground: a. Search and rescue b. Forcible entry c. Ventilation d. Laddering the building e. Recon for fire extension f. Overhaul & smoke removal g. Salvage h. Providing elevated master streams i. Illuminating the fire ground 3. Special Operations Because the basis of all truck company duties is forcible entry; truck companies shall operate as light to medium rescue companies for such incidents as vehicle extrication, industrial accidents, and the like. The Heavy Rescue Company will be used to support truck companies during these special operations. C. Rescue Company 1. Definition A Tampa Fire Rescue Rescue Company shall consist of an appropriate apparatus equipped with advanced life support equipment and support equipment and staffed by a group of trained firefighters to function in any position necessary on the fire ground as ordered by the incident commander. 2. Function Tampa Fire Rescue Rescue Companies shall be responsible for performing the following primary functions on the fire ground: 2  a. Search, rescue and treatment - Rescue companies should communicate commitment and location to Command and maintain a retrievable status for victim treatment. During Search operations, a Thermal Imaging Camera will be utilized if available. b. Set up aid station for continuing paramedic treatment. c. General Firefighting duties as assigned by Command d. Utility control - on scene safety II. Engine Company Operations The following functions will provide the framework for field operations for an engine company. A. Staffing All Tampa Fire Rescue engine companies shall be staffed with a minimum of an officer, a driver and one firefighter (Officer and driver positions may be Acting). 1. Positions a. Officer – the officer of an engine company shall position themselves with the hose team in order to best evaluate the safety of the members and the effectiveness of the fire stream. When the officer must fulfill a position in the incident command structure, he/she will either keep the members of their company with them, or reassign them to the command of another officer, (move up an officer within the crew if available). It is acceptable for an initial arriving officer to establish command of the incident and accompany the crew on an interior attack or probe. Once the scope of the incident becomes greater than the interior command resources, command must be passed to another entity. The engine company officer shall be equipped with complete personal protective equipment (PPE), portable radio and portable light. A forcible entry tool is optional for the engine company officer. b. (Driver/Pump Operator) – The primary function of this position is to operate the apparatus and pump when it is being used as a water supply or attack engine. However, in the event that the pump is not being used, the driver will position the apparatus out of the way of the fire operation and join the rest of the company with whatever mission they have been assigned. If later in the incident the apparatus is needed, orders will have to be given to the officer so that the driver can be reassigned to operate the apparatus. For pump operation, the driver shall be equipped with helmet, gloves and bunker coat. For hose team operations, the driver shall be equipped with PPE, a portable light, and shall take a position on the hose line or at the nozzle. 3  c. Firefighter (nozzle man) - The primary function of this position is to advance the ordered attack lines from the hose bed to the fire and operate the nozzle to extinguish the fire. The nozzle man shall search the immediate area covered for victims while advancing the line. d. Firefighter (hydrant man / if applicable) - The firefighter assigned to this position will be responsible for connecting the supply line to the hydrant and turning the water on when the pump operator is ready. The hydrant man will also be responsible for dismounting the apparatus and securing the supply line to the attack engine in reverse lay situations. After completing these tasks, the hydrant man will report to the officer of the Engine Company and take up a position on the attack line. In doing so, the hydrant man shall follow the attack line from pump to nozzle and make sure the line is played out properly with no kinks. If the company does not secure a hydrant or water supply, the hydrant man will advance the line with the nozzle man and become the second member of the attack line. The hydrant man shall be equipped with a portable radio and the McGard hydrant wrench. The officer shall formally assign the above positions at the beginning of each tour of duty. B. Water Supply & Apparatus Placement The following shall be standard types of supply line hose lays utilized by the Tampa Fire Rescue: 1. Forward Lay In this scenario, the first due Engine Company (recognizing the need for a supply line) will lay their supply line from the hydrant to the fire. If forward lay is going to exceed 1,000’, an Engine with a full house hook up will be placed at the water supply. Additionally, an officer may choose to drop a dry line for the second Engine Company to hook up if urgency of manpower is needed on arrival. 2. Reverse Lay In this scenario, the first due engine proceeds directly to the fire without making any type of hose lay. The second due engine proceeds to the first due engine’s position. Then the second due engine will lay a supply line to a hydrant and connect via full house hook up. Whenever a reverse lay tactic is used, the second due engine (supply) shall connect and relay pump to the first due (attack) engine. 3. Placement First due engine companies shall either stop short or pull past the fire building and leave the most accessible side for the Truck Company. Subsequent arriving engine companies, not using their apparatus, shall stage at any distance necessary to leave the fire ground uncongested and accessible for the Truck Company. 4  4. Flow Rates Company Officers need to consider the anticipated flow rates of the attack crews when selecting a water supply. This becomes extremely important when supplying large caliber master streams on defensive operations. An officer may choose to select a hydrant on a larger water main, which will provide the needed GPM. C. Hose line Selection and Placement 1. Nothing or Light Smoke Showing When investigating these conditions, the nozzle man shall carry an appropriate portable fire extinguisher (for the class of fire reported) in case an incipient fire is found. 2. Smoke Showing or Working Fire The minimum size of hose line selected for these conditions shall be a 1 ¾” attack line for residential property and a 2 ½” for commercial occupancies. GPM flow should be considered as per NFPA requirements for initial attack lines: residential 150 GPM / commercial 250 GPM. a. Whenever possible, the primary attack line shall be advanced through main entrance of the structure and worked from the unburned towards the burned section. b. As soon as resources permit, a back – up line will be stretched to the primary attack line. The back – up line must be at least the same size or larger than the attack line. C. Fire Stream Management 1. Offensive Mode of Attack Choosing the proper nozzle application technique should be collaboration between the nozzle man and the officer. During the offensive mode, fire streams shall not be played into the structure from the exterior while interior operations are in progress. 2. Defensive Mode of Attack During defensive fire situations, use of hand lines smaller than 2 ½” should be discouraged. If combination nozzles are used either on hand lines or fixed master stream devices, only the straight stream setting should be used. Smooth bore nozzles should be the nozzles of choice for defensive fire situations. If a master stream has been operated longer than ten minutes with no effect, immediate consideration should be given to shutting it down and relocating. Except for critical rescue circumstances, no interior attacks or probes should be made during defensive fire operations. III. TRUCK COMPANY OPERATIONS The following functions will provide the framework for field operations for a truck company. 5 A. Staffing and Positions All Tampa Fire Rescue truck companies shall be staffed with a minimum of an officer, a driver and one firefighter (Officer and driver positions may be Acting). These three members shall use whatever tactics necessary to accomplish their primary missions of Entry, Ventilation, Search and Rescue. 1. Officer - The officer of a truck company shall position themselves in order to best evaluate the safety of the members and the effectiveness of the support needed to accomplish the engine company’s initial attack. When the officer must fulfill a position in the incident command structure, he / she will either keep the members of his company with them or reassign them to the command of another officer. The officer shall be equipped with PPE, a portable light, a portable radio and a forcible entry tool. 2. Firefighter (driver/truck operator) - Their duties will be to ladder the building (either with ground ladder or aerial), control utilities, open exterior windows for horizontal ventilation, and recon the exterior for extension or exposures and report findings to command. As soon as these duties are complete, the driver shall either assist the roof man with ventilation, operate the turntable of the Truck Company, or set up positive pressure ventilation fans for smoke removal. If the aerial device is used, then the driver shall remain at the turntable at all times. The driver shall be equipped with PPE and light and a forcible entry tool with capabilities to cut off gas valves and the like. 3. Firefighter (irons man) –The firefighter assigned to the inside shall be equipped with PPE, light and the flathead axe & Halligan tool. The mission of entering the structure (providing access for the engine company), is to perform search and rescue on the fire floor and opening the structure up from the inside to vent locally and horizontally. Once these primary duties are complete and the fire has been controlled, the inside team will perform overhaul by opening walls and concealed spaces for the engine company to wet down 4. Firefighter (roof man) - This member shall be responsible for assisting the driver in laddering the building, then ascend the ladder and take up a position on the roof to open it on orders from command. Therefore, the officer should assign the roof to an experienced member. The roof man shall be equipped with PPE, portable light and radio, and the required forcible entry tool for the specific roof construction. B. Single Task Assignments When the priority need at a fire incident is more than the inside or outside team can mitigate the entire company will reposition itself to a single task assignment. An example would be that the inside team is sufficient for most one family dwelling fires; however, in the case of a fire in a hotel, the inside duties would be greater than one team could handle. Therefore, the entire 6 company would have the single task assignment of search and rescue on the fire floor. Other companies would have to be assigned ventilation, etc. C. Apparatus Placement 1. First due truck companies shall proceed to the fire and take a position at the front or the most accessible side of the structure, with primary consideration given to aerial or ground ladder access to the roof or upper floors. 2. Subsequent arriving truck companies shall stage at a sufficient distance from the incident so as not to impede access of other responding vehicles. 3. Truck companies shall not be used to stand by or obtain a water supply except where extraordinary circumstances exist, and no engine company is available. D. Defensive Truck Company Operations During defensive fire situations, use of hand lines smaller than 2 ½” should be discouraged. If combination nozzles are used either on hand lines or fixed master stream devices, only the straight stream setting should be used. Smooth bore nozzles should be the nozzles of choice for defensive fire situations. Except for critical rescue circumstances, no interior attacks or probes should be made during defensive fire operations. Elevated Master Streams – If a master stream has been operated longer than ten minutes with no effect, immediate consideration should be given to shutting it down and relocating. IV. RESCUE COMPANY OPERATIONS The following functions will provide the framework for field operations for a rescue company. A. Staffing 1. Tampa Fire Rescue, Rescue Companies, shall be staffed with a minimum of one (1) Officer / Acting Officer and one (1) Paramedic/Firefighter. B. Initial Operations at Fire Incident 1. Rescue Company’s primary function is search and rescue as well as care for the injured. 2. Both Rescue Company crewmembers will join up with the Truck Company to complete a Primary and Secondary search of the structure for any victims and treat as needed. 3. Controlling of utilities 4. Once searches are complete, Rescue Companies can be utilized as Rehab Group. 7 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Section: 108.00 Line-of-Duty Death LINE-OF-DUTY DEATH I. LINE-OF-DUTY DEATH & POTENTIALLY LIFE-THREATENING INJURIES In order for a firefighter's surviving dependents to receive the Federal Public Safety Officer's Benefit, certain tests must be made before death, or at the time of death. It shall be the responsibility of the Personnel Chief to obtain a blood sample and test for blood alcohol level (not merely the presence of alcohol in the blood). In cases involving a non-traumatic injury, such as a heart attack, it is also necessary to measure the level of carbon monoxide saturation in the blood (not merely to test for the presence of carbon monoxide in the blood). It shall be the responsibility of the Incident Commander to impound and secure any equipment involved in a firefighter fatality incident (such as protective gear, S.C.B.A., fire apparatus), communications and other records (tapes, dispatch report, incident reports, casualty report). Failure to do so may make it difficult to determine the cause and/or contributing factors of the incident and may also result in liability suits against the fire officers, fire department and municipality. The following algorithm should be utilized as a guide for all line of duty deaths: 1 I. FAMILY NOTIFICATION In the event of a L.O.D. injury, it is the responsibility of the Incident Commander to notify Communications for further notification. Notification is to be done by Personnel Chief, Honor Guard, etc. Per Honor Guard S. O. G. 2 Tampa Fire Rescue Standard Operating Guidelines Topic: Incident Command Subject: 109.00 Post Incident Analysis POST INCIDEN