Theory of Florence Nightingale PDF

**THEORY OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE** - The goal of nursing is "to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him". -- Nightingale **INTRODUCTION** - As the founder of modern nursing, [Florence Nightingale's](https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Florence-Nightin...

**THEORY OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE** - The goal of nursing is "to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him". -- Nightingale **INTRODUCTION** - As the founder of modern nursing, [Florence Nightingale's](https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Florence-Nightingale.php) Environment Theory changed the face of nursing practice. She served as a nurse during the Crimean War, at which time she observed a correlation between the patients who died and their environmental conditions. As a result of her observations, the Environment Theory of nursing was born. Nightingale explained this theory in her book, *Notes on Nursing: What it is, What it is Not*. The model of nursing that developed from Nightingale, who is considered the first nursing theorist, contains elements that have not changed since the establishment of the [modern nursing](https://nursing-theory.org/articles/modern-nursing.php) profession. Though this theory was pioneering at the time it was created, the principles it applies are timeless. **BORN - 12 MAY 1820** - Founder of modern nursing. - The first nursing theorist. - Also known as \"The Lady with the Lamp\" - She explained her environmental theory in her famous book Notes on Nursing: What it is, What it is not. - She was the first to propose nursing required specific education and training. - Her contribution during Crimean war is well-known. - She was a statistician, using bar and pie charts, highlighting key points. - International Nurses Day, May 12 is observed in respect to her contribution to Nursing. - Died - 13 August 1910 **ASSUMPTIONS OF NIGHTINGALE\'S THEORY** - Natural laws - Mankind can achieve perfection - Nursing is a calling - Nursing is an art and a science - Nursing is achieved through environmental alteration - Nursing requires a specific educational base - Nursing is distinct and separate from medicine **NIGHTINGALE'S CANONS: MAJOR CONCEPTS** 1\. Ventilation and warming 2\. Light 3\. Noise 4\. Cleanliness of rooms and walls 5\. Health of houses 6\. Bed and bedding 7\. Personal cleanliness 8\. Variety 9\. Chattering hopes and advices 10.Taking food. What food? 11\. Petty management 12\. Observation of the sick **1. VENTILATION AND WARMING** - Nightingale believed that it was essential to "keep the breathes as pure as the external air without chilling him. she believe that the person who repeatedly breath his/her own air would be sick or remain sick. - Nightingale also believed that " noxious air" or "effluvia" or foul odors affect the client's health. This come from raw, sewage, ditches, excrement, bedpans, urinals and other utensils used to discard excrement. - She believed that the offensive source, not the smell must be removed. So she criticized " fumigations" - Nightingale also emphasized the importance of room temperature. The patient should not be too warm or too cold. **2. LIGHT** - Nightingale advocated that the sick needs both fresh and light- direct sunlight was what clients wanted. - She noted that light has" quite real and tangible effects upon the human body" She noted that the sick rarely lie with their face toward the wall but are much more likely to face the window , the source of the sun. - In these modern times it is still noted that luck of environmental stimuli like isolation rooms, NICU, ICU, etc. , can lead to confusion or " intensive care psychosis: related to the lack of the usual cycling of day and night. **3. NOISE** - Nightingale believed that patients should never be waked intentionally or accidentally during the first part of sleep. She averred that whispered or long conversations about patients are thoughtless and cruel, especially when held so that the patient knows ( or assumes) the conversation is about him. - In these modern times, noises that may irritate patients are jewelries worn by nurses, keys that jingle, snapping of rubber gloves, the clank of the stethoscope against metal bed rails, radios, TV's, telephones ringing, machines that beep or alarm, etc. **4. CLEANLINESS OF ROOMS AND WALLS** - Nightingale emphasized that " the greater part of nursing consists in preserving cleanliness. - She urges the removal of dust with the used of damp clothe rather than a feather duster. Floors should be easily cleaned rather than being covered with dust trapping carpets. Furniture and walls should be easily washed and not damaged by coming in contact with moisture. - In modern times, the concept that a clean room is a healthy room continues to be relevant. **5. HEALTH OF HOUSES** - Is closely related to the presence of pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness and light. - According to nightingale, " badly constructed houses do for the healthy what badly constructed hospitals do for the sick. One stagnant air is stagnant, sickness is certain to follow"( Nightingale , 1859, p.15) - She also noted that the cleanliness outside the house affected the inside. - Nightingale's advocacy is still applicable in these modern times, because families can be still affected by toxic wastes, contaminated water and polluted air. **6. BED AND BEDDING** Nightingale postulated that an adult exhales about three pints of moisture through the lungs and skin in a 24 hour period. This organic matter, she said, enters the sheets and stays there unless the bedding is changed and aired frequently. She believed that the bed should be placed in the lightest part of the room and placed so the patient could see out of the window. She reminded the caregiver never to lean against, sit upon, or unnecessarily shake the bed of a patient. Even in the modern times, it remains important for the nurse to keep bedding clean, neat, and dry and to position the patient for maximum comfort. **7. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS** - Nightingale viewed the function of the skin as important. - She believed that unwashed skin poisoned the patient and noted that bathing and drying the skin provided great relief to the patient. **8. VARIETY** - Nightingale stressed that variety in the environment was a critical aspect affecting the patient's recovery. - She believed in the need for changes in color and form, including bringing the patient brightly colored flowers or plants. - She also advocated rotating 10 to 12 paintings and engravings each day, week, or month to provide variety for the patient. - She agreed that the mind greatly affects the body. - She also advocated reading, needlework, writing and cleaning activities to relieve the sick of boredom. **9. CHATTERING HOPES AND ADVICES** - Nightingale perceived that to cheer the sick by making light of their illness and its danger is not helpful. - She considered it stressful for a patient to hear opinions after only brief observations had been made. - False hope was depressing to patients, she felt, and caused them to worry and become fatigued. - Nightingale encouraged the nurse to heed what is being said by visitors, believing that sick person should hear good news that would assist them in becoming healthier. **10.Nutrition and Taking food. What food?** - Nightingale addressed the importance of variety in the food served to patient. REVIEW REVIEW ANO KA MANGO?!