TFN_NIGHTINGALE ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY.docx.pdf

TFN - NIGHTINGALE ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY Mr. Handugan|1st Semester | NURSING 1-K Florence Nightingale was given by Queen Victoria an inscribed diamond brooch as OUTLINE...

TFN - NIGHTINGALE ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY Mr. Handugan|1st Semester | NURSING 1-K Florence Nightingale was given by Queen Victoria an inscribed diamond brooch as OUTLINE a token. I. Florence Nightingale National Society for the Aid to the Sick II. Environmental Model and Wounded, which is now known as III. Nursing’s Metaparadigm the Red Cross. IV. The Nursing Process John Henri Dunant was the founder of the Red Cross. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE May 12, 1820 - August 13, 1910 APPROACH focused on the control Born on Florence, Italy TO of the environment of “The Lady with the Lamp” and “Mother of NURSING individuals and families, Modern Nursing” both healthy and ill Studied Nursing in Fliedner School of Nursing (Kaiserswerth, Germany) the need for ventilation First Nurse Researcher and light in sickrooms, Became a heroine in Great Britain as a proper disposal of result of her work in Crimean War sewage and appropriate nutrition CRIMEAN WAR (1852-1856) Three Famous Crimean Battles: Alma, NOTES ON Nightingale’s book Inkerman, and Sevastopol NURSING: give hints about nursing The French lost 100,000, the British lost WHAT IT IS to women who have 20,000, and the Russians lost 500,000 AND WHAT personal charge of the St. Thomas is one of the oldest hospitals IT IS NOT health of others in Southwark, London “Care for one person, that’s love; care for a thought provoking 100 people, that’s nursing.” essay on the Florence Nightingale was born into a rich, organization and upper-class British family manipulation of the Florence’s father believed that women environment of those should be educated. persons requiring On February 17th 1837, God spoke to her nursing care and called her to some future service. “The Lady with the Lamp” because at the end of each day, when it got dark and ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL other staff retired for the night, she would ENVIRONMENT take her lamp and visit the wounded in The surrounding matters that influence the wards. or modify a course of development. Since Florence, the death rate in military (Webster) hospitals went from 42% to 2%. TRANSCRIBED BY: MAIELLA 1 TFN | FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’S ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY The system must interact and adjust to VENTILATION & WARMING its environment. (Miller, 1978) “Keep the air that he breathes as pure ○ Ventilation & warmth, light, as the external air, without chilling noise, variety, bed & bedding, him.” cleanliness of rooms and walls, source of air, importance of and nutrition as major areas of temperature the environment the nurse could Nightingale recognized that good control. (Nightingale) ventilation was essential for maintaining When one or more aspects of the air quality. Proper airflow reduces the risk environment are out of balance, the of airborne infections and helps maintain client must use increased energy to a clean environment. She recommended counter the environmental stress. These that spaces be well-ventilated to ensure stresses drain The client of energy that air is fresh and free from needed for healing. contaminants. Physical environments are also ○ person who repeatedly influenced by the social and breathed his/her own air would psychological environment of the become sick or remain sick individual. LIGHT HEALTH OF HOUSES “quite real tangible effects upon the pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, human body” cleanliness, and light Nightingale emphasized the importance “nature alone cures” of natural light in promoting health. She stagnant air and sickness is certain to observed that sunlight could improve follow mood and support the body's natural Nightingale believed that the quality of processes. She advocated for the design living conditions, including housing, of hospitals and living spaces to directly affects health. She maximize exposure to natural light. recommended that homes and ○ Sick people rarely lie with their healthcare facilities be built and face forward the wall but are maintained in a way that supports much more likely to face the health, including considerations of space, window, the source of the sun. cleanliness, and overall maintenance. cleanliness outside the house affected NOISE the inside. Patients should never be waked ○ dung heaps affected health in her intentionally or accidentally during the time, so too modern families are first part of sleep affected by toxic waste, Nurse’s responsibility to assess and contaminated water, and polluted stop annoying noises air. reducing noise and providing a quiet environment could help patients rest and recover more effectively. TRANSCRIBED BY: MAIELLA MASICAMPO 2 TFN | FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’S ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY ○ Modern noises: Snapping of diet was crucial for maintaining health gloves, clank of stethoscope, and supporting the body's healing radios & TVs. Alarms, beeps and processes. other noises that startle a patient Individuals desire different foods at from sleep to wakefulness different times of the day and that frequent small servings may be more VARIETY beneficial to the patient. refers to the need for a stimulating No business be done with patients while environment that supports patients' eating mental and emotional well-being. changes in color or form CHATTERING HOPES AND ADVICES ○ bringing flowers or plants, to falsely cheer the sick by making light reading, needlework, writing, and of their own illness and its danger is not cleaning as activities to relieve helpful. the sick of boredom False hope was depressing to patients, and caused them to worry and become BED & BEDDING fatigued keep bedding clean, neat and dry and to NURSING METAPARADIGM IN ENVIRONMENTAL position the patient for maximum MODEL comfort. Bed should be placed in the lightest part NURSING What nursing has to of the bedroom and placed so the do … is to put the patient could see out of a window. patient in the best Caregiver should never lean against, sit condition for nature upon, or unnecessarily shake the bed to act upon him.” Medicine & surgery PERSONAL CLEANLINESS as removing Just as it is necessary to renew the air obstructions to around a sick person frequently, to health allow nature carry off morbid effluvia (foul odor)from to return the person the lungs or skin, by maintaining to health. ventilation, so it is necessary to keep “ought to signify pores of the skin free from all the proper use of obstructing excretions fresh air, light, Every nurse ought to wash her hands warmth, cleanliness, very frequently during the day quiet and the proper selection of NUTRITION & TAKING FOOD administration of variety of food diet – all at the least Nightingale also acknowledged the role expense of vital of proper nutrition in patient recovery. power to She understood that a well-balanced TRANSCRIBED BY: MAIELLA MASICAMPO 3 TFN | FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’S ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY CLIENT EXPENDING UNNECESSARY ENERGY BY the patient. BEING STRESSED BY THE ENVIRONMENT HUMAN Defined in BEINGS relationship to their environment and the impact of the environment upon them. ENVIRONMENT Focused on ventilation, warmth, noise, light and cleanliness NIGHTINGALE AND THE NURSING PROCESS HEALTH Nightingale believed that pathology Nursing Process – it is a scientific method used teaches the harm by nurses to ensure the quality of patient care. disease has done, and nothing more. ADPIE “unmake what God ASSESSMENT had made disease” DIAGNOSIS (Nursing; not medical) Goal of all nursing PLANNING activities should be IMPLEMENTATION client health EVALUATION ASSESSMENT - The nurse gathers information CLIENT & THE ENVIRONMENT IN BALANCE about a patient’s psychological, physiological, sociological, and spiritual status. This data can be collected in a variety of ways: Patient interview, physical examination, patient’s health history, obtaining a patient’s family history, and general observation. Nightingale advocated two essential behavior by the nurse: ○ To ask the client what is needed or wanted ○ The use of observation (what and how to observe, what symptoms indicate improvement, what is the reverse, which are of importance, which are of none, which are TRANSCRIBED BY: MAIELLA MASICAMPO 4 TFN | FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’S ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY evident of neglect, and what kind IMPLEMENTATION - where the nurse follows on of neglect) the decided plan of action: Monitoring the patient for signs of change or DIAGNOSIS - involves a nurse making an improvement, directly caring for the patient or educated judgment about a potential or actual performing necessary medical tasks, educating health problem with a patient. The diagnoses and instructing the patient about further health phase is a critical step as it is used to determine management, and referring or contacting the the course of treatment. patient for follow up. Implementation takes place in the Nightingale believed data should be environment that affects the client and used as the basis for forming any involves taking action to modify the conclusion environment The diagnosis is the client’s response to All factors of the environment should be their environment and not the considered: noise, air, odors, bedding, environment problem. cleanliness, light, etc. It reflects the importance of the environment to the health and EVALUATION - Once all nursing intervention well-being of the client. actions have taken place, the nurse completes an evaluation to determine if the goals for PLANNING - each problem is assigned a clear, patient wellness have been met. The possible measurable goal for the expected beneficial patient’s outcomes are generally described outcome. For this phase, nurses generally refer under three terms: patient’s condition improved, to the evidence-based Nursing Outcome patient’s condition stabilized, and patient’s Classification, which is a set of standardized condition deteriorated, died, or discharged. terms and measurements for tracking patient wellness.. Based on the effect of the changes in the environment on the client’’s ability to Includes identifying the nursing actions regain their health at the least expense of needed to keep clients comfortable, dry energy. and in the best state for nature to work Observation is the primary method of on. data collection used to evaluate the Planning is focused on modifying the client’s response to intervention. environment to enhance the client’s ability to respond to the disease process. APPLICATION Kathy Neil, a 10-year-old female from the rural area, was injured in an accident r/t farm machinery. She had a head injury and although she was “conscious,” she was not oriented to place and time. She had multiple abrasions, multiple bruises, and a deep leg wound containing dirt and debris from the farm TRANSCRIBED BY: MAIELLA MASICAMPO 5 TFN | FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’S ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY equipment that injured her. She was transported 2. Encouraged to listen to the regional hospital. After triage in the ER and to her favorite music / surgery, she was admitted to a crowded watch favorite TV pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The lights shows were on 24hrs, noises from equipment 3. Encourage parents to permeated the unit & visits by her parents were visit more often restricted. Today, after 2 days & nights of 4. Teaches dressing uninterrupted sleep, Kathy has become change increasingly confused & her leg has become 5. At night sleep is infected, requiring increased IV antibiotics and supported by dressing changes 2x a day dimming the lights, reducing noise, and ANSWER: keeping to minimum activities and Analysis of Data gaps include: procedures Data Family structure; who Evaluation After two nights of lives in the household; uninterrupted sleep, who was present normal sounds and when injury occurred; parental encouragement, Kathy’s school Kathy will demonstrate performance; increased orientation to economic resources; place by being able to nutritional status; identify that she is in the growth & hospital. development. Primary concern: lack of sleep and the infected wound Nursing Sleep pattern Diagnosis disturbance r/t environmental light and noise and separation from family Planning Nursing actions focus and on: Implementat 1. Changing the ion environment to support normal sleep patterns TRANSCRIBED BY: MAIELLA MASICAMPO 6