WWII in Pacific Test Review PDF

WWII in PACIFIC Test Review Identify the following key people and explain their significance during the WWII period. 1. Douglas MacArthur- General who commanded the US Army in the Pacific (USS Missouri). He used the island hopping strategy to drain Japanese resources. 2. Harry Truman- President...

WWII in PACIFIC Test Review Identify the following key people and explain their significance during the WWII period. 1. Douglas MacArthur- General who commanded the US Army in the Pacific (USS Missouri). He used the island hopping strategy to drain Japanese resources. 2. Harry Truman- President who ordered the military to drop two atomic bombs on Japanese targets killing over 200,000 people. On September 2, 1945 Japan surrendered and WWII ended. 3. Chester Nimitz- Commander in Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet and Commander of the Battle of Midway Key Terms- 4. Executive Order 9066-President Roosevelt issues this requiring Japanese Americans to relocate to interior internment camps. They lived in primitive and crowded conditions. This was a response to the strong anti- Japanese sentiment. 5. Bataan Death March-- The forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war by the Japanese during World War II. Took place in the Philippines on April 9, 1942. Resulted in an estimated 7,000 to 10,000 deaths during a forced march to a prison camp. 6. Japanese Internment Camps- Camps that were established during World War II by President Franklin Roosevelt through his Executive Order 9066. It was the policy of the U.S. government to force all Japanese citizens on the West Coast to relocate to internment camps around the country. 7. Battle of Midway- The Allies decimated the Japanese fleet at Midway, an island lying northwest of Hawaii. The impact of this battle was that it gave the Allies the advantage in the Pacific. Turning point for the United States 8. Allied Powers- United States, Great Britain, & France 9. Axis Powers-Italy, Germany, & Japan (JIG) 10. Propaganda- information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. 11. Atomic Bombs/Nagasaki and Hiroshima-Ended World War II, Japan surrounded to the Allies. 12. Doolittle Raids-The first air raid to strike the Japanese Home Islands. April 18, 1942, an air attack on Tokyo, Japan led by Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle. Ended up being more successful than originally planned. Was the first air raid to hit the Japanese homelands. Raises U.S. morale about going to war w/Japan. Japan retaliates by trying to get back at us at the Battle of Midway 13. Manhattan Project- The code name for the atomic bomb project-involved the efforts of over 100,000 Americans, most of whom did not know what they were working on due to the strict secrecy surrounding the project. 14. Island Hopping- The crossing of an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between islands, as opposed to a single journey directly to the destination. 15. Navajo Code Talkers-An elite unit of 29 Navajo Native Americans that used their Navajo language as a code to communicate messages by telephone and radio during the war in a code that the Japanese were unable to break. Main Ideas- 16. Why was deciding to use the atomic bombs a difficult decision for Truman? If the US did not use the bomb many American’s would have died. He also wanted to END the war. 17. Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, and explain the significance? OIL. The U.S. cut off oil supplies for Japan after Japan invaded our ally, China. Japan was ANGRY! 18. Which group of people were affected by Executive Order 9066? Japanese Americans 19. Korematsu vs. United States (1944) Fred Korematsu, 23, was a Japanese-American citizen American Civil Liberties Union to represent him and make his case a test case to challenge the constitutionality of the government’s order. On December 18, 1944, a divided Supreme Court ruled, in a 6-3 decision, that the detention was a “military necessity” not based on race. Mr. Korematsu, lost his case. The ruling has never been overturned.