Test & Measurement Lab PDF

Let’s Start The our course Test & Measurement test measurement Test&m 02 The Shoulder Girdle (Glenohumeral Joint, Scapular and Clavicular Motion) The Shoulder Girdle...

Let’s Start The our course Test & Measurement test measurement Test&m 02 The Shoulder Girdle (Glenohumeral Joint, Scapular and Clavicular Motion) The Shoulder Girdle 04 Shoulder Elevation through Flexion (Glenohumeral Joint, Scapular and Clavicular Motion) Start Position: The patient is in a sitting position. The arm is at the side, with the palm facing medially. crocklying position could be used if the sitting position is not available. Goniometer Axis: The axis is placed at the lateral aspect of the center of the humeral head about 2.5 cm inferior to the lateral aspect of the acromion process when in anatomical position. Stationary Arm: Parallel to the lateral midline of the trunk Movable Arm: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus. End Position: The humerus is moved in an anterior and upward direction to the limit of motion (shoulder girdle elevation 180) (glenohumeral joint flexion 90°). Command: Move your arm Infront of you toward the ceiling. Start and end position of shoulder flexion The Shoulder hyperextension 05 Start Position: The patient is prone or sitting. The arm is at the side, with the palm facing medially. Goniometer Axis: The axis is placed at the lateral aspect of the center of the humeral head about 2.5 cm inferior to the lateral aspect of the acromion process when in anatomical Position. Stationary Arm: Parallel to the lateral midline of the trunk. Movable Arm: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus, pointing toward the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. End Position: The humerus is moved posteriorly to the limit of motion in (shoulder extension 60 °). command: Move your arm upward toward the ceiling. Start and end position of shoulder extension Alternative position of shoulder extension 06 Alternative position of shoulder extension Shoulder Elevation through Abduction (Glenohumeral 03 Joint, Scapular and Clavicular Motion) Start Position: The patient is sitting. The arm is at the side in adduction and external rotation. Goniometer Axis: The axis is placed at the midpoint of the anterior or posterior aspect of the glenohumeral joint, about 1.3 cm inferior and lateral to the coracoid process. Stationary Arm: Parallel to the sternum. Movable Arm: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus. End Position: The humerus is moved laterally and upward to the limit of motion (shoulder elevation 180 °)(glenohumeral joint abduction 90). This movement represents scapular and glenohumeral movement. The posterior aspect may be preferred for measurement of shoulder elevation through abduction range in women because the breast may interfere with the goniometer placement anteriorly. Command: Move your arm upward away from your body. Shoulder Horizontal Abduction and Adduction 11 Start Position: The patient is sitting. The shoulder is in 90° of abduction and neutral rotation. The elbow is flexed, and the forearm is in mid position. Goniometer Axis: The axis is placed on top of the acromion process Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to the trunk. Movable Arm: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus. End Position: The therapist supports the arm in abduction. The therapist moves the humerus anteriorly across the chest to the limit of motion (shoulder horizontal adduction 135°) and posteriorly to the limit of motion (shoulder horizontal abduction 45°). command: Move your arm forward toward contralateral shoulder /move your arm backward Shoulder Horizontal Abduction and Adduction 12 Start and end position of shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction Shoulder Internal Rotation 14 Start Position: The patient is prone or supine. The shoulder is in 90 ° of abduction, the elbow is flexed to 90 °, and the forearm is in mid position. A towel is placed under the humerus to achieve the abducted position. This start position is contraindicated if the patient has a history of posterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. Goniometer Axis: The axis is placed on the olecranon process of the ulna Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to the floor. Movable Arm: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ulna, pointing toward the ulnar styloid process. End Position. The palm of the hand is moved toward the limit of motion (shoulder internal rotation 70 °). Command: Pull your hand toward your feet keeping your upper Start and end position of shoulder internal arm on the table. rotation Shoulder External Rotation 15 The measurement process is similar to that for internal rotation with the following exceptions. Start Position: The patient is supine or prone. This start position is contraindicated if the patient has a history of anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. End Position: The dorsum of the hand moves toward the floor to the limit of motion (shoulder external rotation 90 °). Command : Pull your hand upward toward your head. Start and end position of shoulder external rotation Alternate Assessment and Measurement: Internal/External 16 Rotation If the patient cannot achieve 90 ° of shoulder abduction, the end feel can be assessed (not shown) and the measurement can be taken while the patient is sitting. The starting position should be documented. Start Position: The patient is sitting. To measure shoulder internal rotation, the shoulder is abducted to about 15 °, the elbow is flexed to 90 °, and the forearm is in mid position. To measure external rotation (not shown), the arm is at the side in adduction, the elbow is flexed to 90 °, and the forearm is in mid position. Goniometer Axis: The axis is placed under the olecranon process. Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to the trunk. Movable Arm: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ulna. End Positions: The palm of the hand is moved toward the abdomen to the limit of shoulder internal rotation. The therapist moves the hand away from the abdomen to the limit of external rotation. Command : Move your hand toward your abdomen / move your hand away your abdomen Test &m 18 Elbow Joint Elbow Flexion/Extension/ Hyperextension 19 Start Position. The patient is supine or sitting. The arm is in the anatomical position with the elbow in extension (0 °). A towel is placed under the distal end of the humerus to accommodate the ROM. Owing to biceps muscle tension, unusually muscular men may not be able to achieve 0 °. Goniometer Axis: The axis is placed over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Stationary Arm: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the humerus, pointing toward the tip of the acromion process. Start position for elbow flexion and extension Movable Arm: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the radius, pointing toward the styloid process of the radius. End Position: From the start position of elbow extension, the forearm is moved in an anterior direction so that the hand approximates the shoulder to the limit of elbow flexion (150 °). Command : bend your elbow /extend your elbow. End position for elbow flexion Elbow Flexion/Extension/ Hyperextension 20 Extension/Hyperextension: The forearm is moved in a posterior direction to the limit of elbow extension (0 °)/ hyperextension (up to 15 °). End position for elbow hyperextension Elbow Flexion/Extension/ Hyperextension 21 Alternate position of elbow flexion/extension Test& m 22 Radio-Ulnar Joint Forearm Supination/ Pronation 23 Start Position: The patient is sitting. The arm is at the side, and the elbow is flexed to 90 ° with the forearm in mid position. A pencil is held in the tightly closed fist with the pencil protruding from the radial aspect of the hand and the wrist in the neutral position. The fist tightly closed to stabilize the fourth and fifth metacarpals, thus avoiding unwanted movement of the pencil as the test movements are performed. Stabilization: The patient stabilizes the humerus using the untested hand. Goniometer Axis: The axis is placed over the head of the third metacarpal. Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to the floor. Movable Arm: Parallel to the pencil. Supination End Position: The forearm is rotated externally from mid position so that the palm faces upward and toward the ceiling to the limit of forearm supination (80 ° to 90 ° from mid position). Command : turn your palm upward toward the ceiling. Forearm Supination/ Pronation 24 Substitute Movement: Altered grasp of the pencil if the fist is not tightly closed during testing, thumb touching and moving the pencil, wrist extension and/or radial deviation. Pronation End Position: The forearm is rotated internally so that the palm faces downward and toward the floor to the limit of forearm pronation (80 ° to 90 ° from mid position). Command : turn your palm downward toward the floor Substitute Movement: Altered grasp of the pencil, wrist flexion and/or ulnar deviation. Start position for supination and pronation End position for supination and pronation Alternate Measurement for Supination/ Pronation 25 This measurement is indicated if the patient cannot grasp a pencil. Start Position: The arm is at the side, and the elbow is flexed to 90 °with the forearm in mid position. The wrist is neutral, and the fingers are extended. Stabilization: The patient stabilizes the humerus using the non-tested hand. Goniometer Axis: The axis is placed at the tip of the middle digit. Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to the floor. Movable Arm: Parallel to the thumb. End Position. The forearm is rotated externally so that the palm faces upward and toward the ceiling to the limit of forearm supination (80 °to 90 °from mid position). Substitute Movement: Finger hyperextension, wrist extension, and wrist deviations. End Position: The forearm is rotated internally so that the palm faces downward and toward the floor to the limit of forearm pronation (80 °to 90 °from mid position). Substitute Movement: Finger flexion, wrist flexion, and wrist deviations. Alternate Measurement for Supination/ Pronation 26 Start position for supination and pronation End position for supination and pronation THANK YOU Thanks' For practice