Texas 3 Review 2024 Answers PDF

Test 3 Review 1. What is a closed primary? Only those individuals who are registered members of their political party can participate. 2. What is an open primary? Allows a voter to choose on Election Day which party they will vote for 3. What is the purpose of a primary election? To se...

Test 3 Review 1. What is a closed primary? Only those individuals who are registered members of their political party can participate. 2. What is an open primary? Allows a voter to choose on Election Day which party they will vote for 3. What is the purpose of a primary election? To select a party's candidate for the general election 4. Signing a petition is citizens\' most basic and fundamental duty in a democracy. True or False? False (voting) 5. What amendment allowed women to vote in all elections in Texas? Women were permitted to vote in all elections in Texas with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. 6. How can one get on the ballot if he or she wants to run for office in Texas as an independent? He or she must get petition signatures from registered voters who did not participate in any political party primary election. 7. Why are state leadership officials elected in non-presidential years? It prevents popular presidential candidates from influencing the outcome of Texas races. 8. What was the outcome of *Grovey v. Townsend* (1935)? The equal protection clause of the Constitution only applies to state action and not action by private groups. 9. What was made illegal after the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965? Literacy tests 10. Charging poll taxes kept these individuals from voting. Poor people, African Americans 11. What are the requirements to vote in Texas? Be a resident of Texas, a U.S. citizen, and at least 18 years of age. 12. What provisions have been added years after the Voting Rights Act first became law? Bilingual ballots are now required in certain areas where more than 5 percent of voters speak another language. 13. This is to monitor the main objective of the Mexican American Legal Defense.und? Monitoring changes in electoral law that may suppress the votes of minorities. 14. What was the outcome of *Smith v. Alright*? It announced that in primary elections states could not restrict voters because of race. 15. Who is in charge of the reapportionment process in the state of Texas? the legislature 16. What forms of identification are needed to vote in Texas? 17. What law allows for people to register to vote at the same time they apply for a driver's license? Motor Voter Law 18. What factors tend to lower voter turnout? Most elections are for low-visibility offices. 19. What is reapportionment? Involves recalculating how many congressional districts each state will receive based on the state's population. 20. What are the most important factors that influence whether or not someone votes? Income level and education 21. In Texas, what are the ways that political parties provide direct support to candidates running for office? Running campaigns to get out the vote for the party's candidates 22. What resources do interest groups use to influence politics? Members, ability to raise money, credibility 23. What are interest groups? Organizations are established to influence the government's programs and policies. 24. What is the most effective public employee interest group? teachers 25. What happens when interest groups mobilize their member to support a piece of legislation? The interest group would have its members write or call legislators urging them to vote for the legislation. 26. The Texas Medical Association is a public interest group. True or False? False, professional 27. Who are lobbyists and what do they do? have expertise in policy matters or personal relationships with legislators? 28. How can a lobbyist assist a member of the legislature? Provide information about how specific policies can benefit the legislator's district. 29. What are the advantages a well-funded interest group has? Time, money, expertise 30. What do interest groups want from policymakers? They want a policy that is beneficial for their groups. 31. What is a "free rider"? The situation in which individuals receive the benefits of collective action without contributing 32. This interest group is unique in that it funds its candidates at the beginning of the campaign cycle. EMILY'S List 33. Most campaign contributions in Texas go to the challengers. True or False? False, incumbents. 34. What is issue advocacy? When individuals or interest groups take out ads concerning a campaign issue but do not tie them directly to any particular candidate 35. Which political action committees that spend the least amount of money in Texas elections? labor unions 36. Interest groups usually employ these people as lobbyists. Former legislators and government officials 37. What is the main thing interest groups do for politicians to gain access to them? Spend money on entertaining politicians. 38. Civil rights groups have not had much success litigating in federal courts. True or False? False 39. What is the reason interest groups form political action committees? Its members care very deeply about an issue and are willing to donate money to support the group's position on the issue. 40. What do interest groups offer to their members to overcome the free rider problem? Special discounts, subscription to a magazine, access to special information on the Internet 41. List some of the most powerful education interest groups in Texas. ATPE, Texas High School Coaches Association, Raise Your Hand Texas 42. Describe the Sandra Bland Act. Jail deaths must be investigated by an independent agency. 43. In the state of Texas, what is the policy for felons' right to vote? Felons are allowed to vote upon full discharge of their sentences. 44. What is a felony? A serious criminal offense that subjects a person to state prison punishment 45. What is a misdemeanor? Are less serious crimes. 46. What is the penalty for capital murder?  can be death or life imprisonment without parole. 47. What conditions does one have to meet when given probation? Have a steady job, report to your probation officer regularly, abstain from drug and alcohol use, and pay any fines or restitution. 48. What is probation?  is a punishment where, instead of a jail or prison sentence, an offender remains in the community with the understanding that the offender will meet certain requirements that are imposed by the court. 49. If given probation a criminal in compliance will likely receive an early release of up to one-third of the term. True or False? True 50. What is the "three strikes provision"? A person convicted of a third felony can be sentenced to life imprisonment. 51. In Texas, who decides to grant parole? The Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles 52. What recommendations can the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles make? Clemency and parole. 53. If you are convicted of a misdemeanor in Texas, you lose your right to vote and possess a weapon. True or False? False 54. How many people can serve on felony and misdemeanor juries? 12 and 6 respectively 55. What is bail? Money that is provided by the defendant to ensure his or her appearance in court 56. What happens during an arraignment? After you are arrested and taken to jail, you must appear before a judge and be told what charges you are being accused of and reminded of your right to an attorney and right to remain silent. 57. What was the outcome of *Ruiz v. Estelle?* The court ruled that inmates' constitutionally guaranteed rights had been violated in Texas prisons. 58. What is a plea bargain? Clear a crowded district court docket by negotiating guilty pleas in criminal cases. 59. In Texas, the legal standard of proof "beyond a reasonable doubt" is used in which type(s) of cases? Both felony and misdemeanor cases 60. Texas has fewer people incarcerated in its state prisons than any other state. True or False? False 61. Jurors determine a guilty verdict in criminal cases with a majority vote. True or False? False 62. What is the Timothy Cole Act? People will receive \$80,000 per year incorrectly imprisoned. 63. Texas has the third most verified wrongful convictions than any other state. True or False? True 64. What is the process for granting clemency in Texas? The governor must follow the recommendations of the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles. 65. The constitutional carry would require gun training classes or any licensing process before someone could legally carry a weapon in public. True or False? False 66. For which type of offenses are Texas prison inmates most likely to be imprisoned? violent