PECHS Girls' School Islamiyat Year 9 - Tawheed PDF

**PECHS Girls' School** **Islamiyat Year 9** **[BELIEF]** **[3.1 Tawhid]** **3.1.1 State the literal and terminological meaning of word 'Aqeedah'.** Literally, the Arabic word 'aqeedah stems from the root '*aqada*', which means to tie or knot something (firmly). It conveys meanings of certainty...

**PECHS Girls' School** **Islamiyat Year 9** **[BELIEF]** **[3.1 Tawhid]** **3.1.1 State the literal and terminological meaning of word 'Aqeedah'.** Literally, the Arabic word 'aqeedah stems from the root '*aqada*', which means to tie or knot something (firmly). It conveys meanings of certainty, faith, belief, affirmation, confirmation, etc. In Islamic terminology, Aqeedah refers to those matters which are believed in, with certainty and conviction, in one's heart and soul. They are not tainted with any doubt or uncertainty. It is also termed as 'Iman' or articles of Iman or article of faith. In the Quran, Allah says in Surah Al Maidah, Verse 89: ^ۡ^لَۡ^ي^~ُ~م اْدتُّـ ِ~ك~^ۡ^ن يُّ َؤا ِ~خذ~ُ ُكۡم بِ ~َ~ما َ~عقَّ~^ٰ^~َ~مان~ِ~ ُكۡ^م^ ~َول~^َّۡغ^~ِ~و فِ ۡىۡۤ اَۡييُ َؤا ِ~خذ~ُ ُ^ك^~ُ~م ه^ّٰللا^~ُ~ بِالل ~َ~م َل ان *\"Allah will not punish you for what is unintentional in your oaths, but He will punish you for your deliberate oaths.\"* The verb paraphrased here as \"deliberate oaths\" refers to when one has determination in the heart. The word i'tiqad اعتقاد) belief) is also derived from this root, and has the meaning of tying up and making strong. In Islam, 'aqeedah' is the matter of knowledge. The Muslim must believe in his heart and have faith and conviction, with no doubts or misgivings, because Allah has told him about aqeedah in His Book and via His Revelations to His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The principles of aqeedah are those which Allah has commanded us to believe in, as mentioned in Surah Al Baqarah, Verse 285: ِٕىكَتِ ٖ^ه^ ~َ~و ُكتُب~ِ~^ٰۡۤ^~َ~^و^ ~َ~^مل^~َ~م َن بِا هّٰلل~ِ~^ٰ^كُ ٌّل اْ~و\ َن~^َۗ^~ُ~مْؤ ِمن~ُ~^ْ^ِ ٖ^ه^ ~َ~واليْ ِه ِم ْن َّ^رب^ ~ِ~ز َل اِ~ل~^َ^~َ~م َن ال َّر ُسْو ُل بِ ~َ~مآ اْ^ُ^نا ْي َ~ك~ ٰ ~َ~واِ~ل~^َ^~َ~واَ ^َ^ط ْعنَا ُ~غ~^ْف^ ~َ~رانَ َ^ك^ ~َ~ربَّنَاْوا َسِم ْعنَ~ا~^ُ^َحٍد ِ م ْن ُّر ُسِل ٖ^هَۗ^ ~َ~وقَ^ال^ِ ر ُق بَْي َن ا^َ^ٖ^ه^ ~َ~و ُر ُسِل ٖ~ه~َۗ َل نُفَ ~َ~مال ِصْي ُ~ر~ ْ *\"The Messenger believes in what has been sent down to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers. Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books and His Messengers. They say, 'We make no distinction between one and another of His Messengers' -- and they say, 'We hear, and we obey. (We seek) Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the return (of all).'\"* \- and as defined by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the famous hadith which describes how Jibreel came to him and asked him about Islam etc.: \"Iman (faith) is to believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, the meeting with Him on the Last Day, His Messengers, and the Day of Resurrection.\" So in Islam, aqeedah refers to the matters which are known from the Quran and sound ahadith, and which the Muslim must believe in his heart, in acknowledgement of the truth of Allah and His Messenger. **3.1.2 Define 'Tawhid' as a word and as a term.** Tawheed has been derived from the Arabic word 'Wahid' which means one. It refers to monotheism, i.e. the belief in only one God. In Islami terminology, Tawhid means believing in Allah Alone as God and Lord and attributing to Him Alone all the attributes of Lordship and divinity. Tawheed is the origin and root of all beliefs. Just as a tree survives not because of a branch, but because of its roots, similarly, one cannot become a Muslim without believing in Tawheed. Tawheed is to firmly believe that the Being of Allah Almighty is exalted above having partners associated to Him in His Being and Attributes, in other words, not believing in anyone to be God like Allah Almighty is. Knowledge, Hearing, Sight, etc. are the Divine Attributes of Allah Almighty. The one who believes that someone else is a partner in these Divine Attributes is a polytheist. **3.1.3 Explain the concept of Tawhid in the light of the Holy Qur'an and Hadith.** 1. Surah Al Ikhlas, also known as Surah Al Ahad clearly explains the concept of Tawheed. َُّك ْ^ن\ ل^~ْ~م يَ~َول~َْ^دۙ^~ْ~م يُ ْ~ول~^َ^~ْ~م يَِل ْ^د^ ~َول~^َ^ال َّ^ص^ ~َمُدٌ\ ل~^َ^َُحدٌ َّٰللاهاَ َ~ح~^ۚ^~دۚ~ۚ ْل هُ ~ً~وا اَٗه ُكفُ~ق~ُ ~َ~و ه^ّٰللا^ُ *Say: He is Allah, the One! Allah, the eternally Besought of all! He begetteth not nor was begotten. And there is none comparable unto Him.* 2\. Allah Almighty has clearly declared that those who believe in more than one god are disbelievers: PECHS Girls' School \| Islamiyat Handout -- Tawheed \| Year 9 \| Page **1** of **8** ذَا ٌب اَ ۷۳( ِلْي ~ٌ~م َن َكفَ ) ُرْوا ِمْن ~ِذْي~^َّ^~َ~م َّس َّن اليَْ~و\ َن\ ل~َ^ُ^ْ^ول^~ُ~هْوا َع َّما يَق^ُ^~ْ~م يَنْت~َ~َّ َّوا ِحٌده~ٌ~^ٰ^اِلٍه ا~ِ~ ^َّ^~ل~^ٰۡۤ^~َ~^و^ ~َ~م - ا ِم ْن اِل ٍ~ةثَ~^ٰ^لاِل ُ~ث\ ث~^َ^~ث~^َ^ا اِ َّن ه^ّٰللا^َْ~و~ۡۤ^ُ^ِذْي َن قَ~ال~^َّ^~َر\ الل\ -~ ^َ^قَ ْد َكفَ ~ُ~^ه^~ْ~م َع ْن ل ~َ~و اِ *Indeed are disbelievers those who say, 'Indeed Allah is the third from amongst the three gods.' And there is no god except the One God (Allah), and if they do not abstain from what they are saying; so, those amongst them who will die as disbelievers, a painful punishment will definitely reach them. (Surah Al-Maa'idah, Verse 73)* 3\. Tawheed is the first means for the acceptance of all of a person's good deeds and good morals. In the Holy Quran, the deeds of those who deny the doctrine of Tawheed are described as like being ashes which are blown away by the wind leaving no sign or trace behind whatsoever. In this regard, Allah Almighty says: ^ْ^~ُل\ ال~^ٰ^~َ~و ال َّضلِل َك هُ~ذ\ )۱۸(~ ٰ ^ٰى\ َش^ ~ْ~ی ا ْشتََّد ْت بِ ِه ال َ-ل ٍ ^ء^ ِ رْي ُح فِ ~ُ~^ه^~ْ~م َ^ك^~َ~^ر^ ~َماِد~^ُ^ْ^ع^ ~َ~مالِ ~ِ~^ه^~ْ~م ا^َ^ُرْوا بِ ~َ~رب ِذْي َن َكف~َ~^َّ^ُل ال يَ - بَ ِ~عْيُد~ ^ْ^قِد ُرْو َن ِمَّما َك َسبُ ْوا َعل ~ْ~ی ًا يَ ْوٍم َعا ِص ٍ^ف^ ~َمث~َ *The state of those who disbelieve in their Lord is such that their deeds are like ash, upon which a strong blast of wind came on a stormy day; they got nothing from all that they earned; this is deep misguidance. (Surah Ibraheem, Verse 18)* 4\. The importance of Tawheed can also be gauged from the fact that all heavenly religions are based on ~ِ~^ه^~ُ~م الـ َّسـ ََ~لم\ Prophets\ the\ All\.Tawheedْيـ~^َ^عـلَ were sent to preach this very doctrine of Tawheed, as Allah Almighty says: اَنَا فَا ْعهَ ~ا~^َّ^ِ~ل~^ٰۡۤ^اِلْيهِ اَنَّٗه َ~ل~^ۡۤ^ْو ِ^ح^ ~ْ~یۡۤ اِ~ل~^َ^ْبِل َك ِم ْن َّر ُسْ^و^ ~ٍ~ل ا~ِ~ ^َّ^ل نُنَا ِم ْن قَ^ْ^ْر َسلا~َ~ۡۤ بُ ^ُد\ ۲۵(^ ~َ~^و^ ~َ~م ْ^و^ ~ِ~ن) ا *And We did not send any Messenger before you but We would reveal to him that, 'There is no god except Me; hence, only worship Me.' (Surah Al-Ambiya, Verse 25)* 5\. In Sahih al-Bukhari (7372) and Sahih Muslim (19) it is narrated that Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent Mu'adh ibn Jabal to Yemen, he said to him: "You are going to people from among the People of the Book, so let the first thing to which you call them be belief in Allah alone (Tawhid). If they accept that, then tell them that Allah has enjoined on them five prayers every day and night. If they pray, then tell them that Allah has enjoined on them zakah from their wealth, to be taken from their rich, and given to their poor. If they agree to that then take it from them but avoid the best of people's wealth." 6\. In Sahih Muslim it is narrated from Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said**: "**[Islam is built on five (pillars)]**:** belief that Allah is One, establishing regular prayer, paying zakah, fasting Ramadan and Hajj." **3.1.4 Justify the attributes of Allah Ta'ala through rational and logical arguments. [Sifaat-e-Kamaaliah (Self Attributes)]** Allah is the proper and personal name of God Who is Eternal, Self-Existent and embodies all attributes of goodness, glory and perfection and is free from all blemishes. He possesses all excellences, best attributes and perfection and is beyond all blames, shortcomings and weaknesses. Such great attributes, Allah Almighty is possessed of, are called \"Sifaat-e-Kamaaliah\". \"Qudrat\" (Omnipotence), Ilm (Omniscience), \"Sam\'a\" (the All-hearing), \"Basar\" (the All-seeing),\' \"Kalaam\" (Speech, Word) and \"Mashiyat\"(the Will or Intention) are the Self Attributes of Allah. **Qudrat** *The Power* \"Qudrat\" means \"Qadeer\" (Omnipotent, All Powerful). Allah Almighty is Omnipotent and is All-Able to do what He wills. Nothing is out of His control and beyond His Power. He can create a (living) thing out of nothing and destroy a living into nothing. He may crown a beggar and dethrone a king throwing him in ignominy. He may evolve or create a particular effect in a thing when He wills and may strip a thing of its effect or replace with any other efficacy or potency. ^This\ name\ of\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ is a beautiful name to inspire optimism and fills us with vibrant energy. Al Qadeer is the one who is able - this refers to His strength and ability to do as He pleases. Sometimes we see some goals as being too lofty, so we set the bar lower. We let other people\'s expectations of what\'s possible or ^let\ our\ self-doubt\ dictate\ what\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ can give. Other times we may want a thing, but as time goes ^on,\ we\ lose\ faith,\ it\ seems\ too\ distant\ or\ impossible,\ and\ we\ ask\ of\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ less and less. This name, therefore, boosts up our faith and urges us to believe that nothing is impossible for Him. ~ٰ~ى َ~ح~ ^ٰ^ُسْب ~ل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~ۥ The verses in the Qur\'an which mention the name al-Qadeer encourages us to keep asking Allah ُهَن for al-Qadeer is most able to assist you. PECHS Girls' School \| Islamiyat Handout -- Tawheed \| Year 9 \| Page **2** of **8** َك ِمَّ~م~^ۡ^ن تَ َشآ^ء^~ُ~^ۡ^~ُمل~^ۡ^~ِ~زعُ ~ال~^ۡ^~ُ~^ء^ ~َ~وتَنَ^ك^ ~َم~^ۡ^ن تَ َشا~ٓ~^ۡ^~ُمل~^ۡ^ِك تُۡؤتِ~ى\ ال~^ۡ^~ُمل~^ۡ^~ُ~^ه^~َّ~م ٰمِل َ~ك\ ال~^ه^~ِل\ اللق~ُ ^ٰ^ى ُك ^ل^~ِ~ بِيَ ِد َك ال ا َش ۡى ٍ~ء~ ^ۡ^ ا َخۡي ُ^ر^ ~َ~وتُ ِدۡي ٌر َك َعلاِنَّ قَ ِعُّ^ز^ ~َم~^ۡ^ن تَ َشآ^ء^ُ ~َ~وتُِذ ُّ^ل^ ~َم~^ۡ^ن تَ َشآ^ء^ُ *\"Say, \'O Allah, Owner of Sovereignty, You give sovereignty to whom You will and You take sovereignty away from whom You will. You honor whom You will and You humble whom You will. In Your hand is \[all\] good. Indeed, You are over all things competent.\'\" (Aal e Imran:26)* The Qur\'an also provides a lesson from an unnamed Prophet in Surah Al Baqarah, verse 259. He stood looking at a fallen/abandoned town, and He asked out of curiosity (not doubt), \"How will Allah restore life ^to\ this\ town\ that\ is\ now\ dead?\"\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْ ُس then revealed to him His ability and what He\'s capable of. The Prophet, at the end of this, calls upon al-Qadeer saying, *\"I know that Allah is over all things competent.\"* The meaning of Competent is knowledge, skill, or ability to do something successfully. Although this name is not mentioned in the story of Prophet Zakariya (AS) and Maryam (May Allah be ^pleased\ with\ her),\ it\ perfectly\ illustrates\ the\ quality\ of\ how\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْسُ is al-Qadeer. Zakariya (AS) was Maryam (AS) sponsor and was a near relative. He used to visit Maryam (AS) in her chambers quite often, and whenever he did, he was surprised by the provisions that seemed to multiply with each visit. Eventually, he just asked, *\"\'O Maryam, from where is this \[coming\] to you?\' She said, \'It is from Allah. Indeed, Allah provides for whom He wills without account.\'\" (Aal e Imran:37).* ^Right\ then\ Prophet\ Zakariya\ (AS)\ made\ a\ du\'a\ asking\ from\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْسُ for a child. He was in his old age, ^and\ his\ wife\ was\ barren.\ But\ when\ Maryam\ (AS)\ reminded\ him\ of\ the\ truth\ that\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَهُۥ gives سُ ْب َ~ح~ ٰ without measure and is able to overcome every obstacle, he must\'ve made du\'a with utmost conviction for it was fulfilled. **Ilm** *The Knowledge* \'Ilm means Aleem (Omniscience, All-Knowing). Allah Almighty embodies the attributes of \"Omniscience\". His knowledge is eternal and infinite which encompasses each and every thing. He has the eternal knowledge of what has come to pass or is coming to pass or will come to pass. Things change but there is no change in His eternal knowledge. Nothing is concealed from His vision even the tiniest particle of dust. He sees all hidden and open and visible and invisible things alike. Self-Omniscience is His trait. The word Aleem means Knower. Al-Aleem takes on the more emphatic form of being the All-Knowing, the omniscient. This attribute helps us understand how Allah's knowledge is complete and all-encompassing; He knows from the beginning, the ending, and everything that's kept within. He is not only aware of our outward actions but knows the state of our hearts when we make them. Nothing is kept a secret, and nothing can be hidden from his knowledge. Man's knowledge often comes through experience and failures. We learn by iterating. We accumulate this knowledge by writing books to store this information so as to not forget. We then pass down our learning from one generation to the next, revising and building upon past works as we go along. We may try to describe Allah's knowledge, but we won't truly understand the extent of its vastness. As Imam al-Ghazali mentions, Allah's knowledge "is not derived from things known, rather things unknown are derived from ^it."\ Everything\ that\ is,\ is\ because\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْ ُس has willed it. He is the Creator and the source for ^everything,\ whereas\ we\ are\ merely\ making\ observations.\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ knows and remembers the tiniest details of things, nothing happens in the universe without His knowledge, and He never forgets any of it. َح ِكۡ~ي~^ۡ^~ُ~م العِ~َ~لۡ~ي~^ۡ^~َ~^و\ ال^~َ~وهُ ^ٰ^~َ~و ه^ّٰللا^~ُ\ َ~مۡول ~َ~مان~ِ~ ُكۡماَۡ~ية~َ^َّ^ـ ُكۡم تَ ِ~حلل~^َ^~ق~َۡد فَ ا ى ُكۡ^م^ ~َ~^ر^ ~َ~ض ه^ّٰللا^ُ ~ُ~م اۚ *\"Allah has already ordained for you \[Muslims\] the dissolution of your oaths. And Allah is your protector, and He is the Knowing, the Wise.\" (Al Tahreem:2)* **Sama'a** *the Sound* ^Allah\ is\ As-Sami\ (in\ Arabic:\ ع^َُّسِ~مي~^ْ^ٱل (the Hearer. The One who Hears all things. His eternal hearing is without an ear, instrument or organ. He pays attention to every supplication, listening to all who reach out to Him. ^Whether\ we\ speak\ loudly\ or\ in\ secrecy,\ English\ or\ in\ French,\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَهُۥ.all it hears سُ ْب َ~ح~ ٰ ~َّى\ ق~^ُۡل^ ~َرب~ ^ۡ^هتَ َدۡي ُت فَبِ ~َ~ما يُۡو ِح ۡىۡۤ اِ~ل~^َ^~ِ~^ن\ ا^~َ~واِِس ۡى~ۚ~ۡ^ٰ^ى نَفِض ُّل َعلا~َ~^ۡۤ^~َ~ماُت فَاِن~َّ~^ۡ^ل ~ِ\ ۡ~ ى اِنَّ ~ا~^ۡ^ِن َض ~ِ~ر ل ۡي ٌ~ب~ َ ٗه َسِمۡي ٌع قَ PECHS Girls' School \| Islamiyat Handout -- Tawheed \| Year 9 \| Page **3** of **8** *Say, "If I should err, I would only err against myself. But if I am guided, it is by what my Lord reveals to me. Indeed, He is Hearing and near." (As Saba: 50)* ^From\ this\ ayah,\ we\ learn\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْسُ is near to all of us, and He is forever listening. Whatever it is you want, make du\'a and ask of it from Allah the Almighty. There is no limit and nothing He can\'t fulfil. This attribute is also a reminder if you need someone to talk to, He will always be there to lend a listening ear. We don\'t have to go to His house (Kaabah) just to be close to Him. The other subtlety that\'s often missed, which encompasses the name al-Sami, is Allah\'s acceptance and/or ^His\ response.\ This\ is\ why\ Prophet\ Ibrahim\ and\ Ismail\ (may\ peace\ be\ upon\ them)\ asked\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَهُۥ the سُ ْب َ~ح~ ٰ following in their du\'a after building the Kaabah: عِ~َ~لۡ~ي~^ۡ^~ُ~ع الل َّسِمۡي ~َ~ربَّنَا تَقَ~ب~^ۡ^َّل ِمنَّاۡ^ي\ ِت^ ~َ~واِ ۡس ٰمِعۡ~ي\ ُل~ ب~َ~^ۡ^~َ~وا ِعَد ِم َن الق~َ~^ۡال^~ُ~ع اِۡب ٰر ٖ^هم^~ُ~يَۡرف~َ~ۡ ^ۡ^ ا َ^ت^ ~َ~واِذ ~ُ~م اِنَّ ا َك اَن *\"And \[mention\] when Ibrahim was raising the foundations of the House and \[with him\] Ismail, \[saying\], "Our Lord, accept \[this\] from us. Indeed You are the Hearing, the Knowing.\" (A[l Baqarah:127)]* **Basar** *the Sight* Basar means Allah is Baseer (in Arabic: رُ صيِ َ~ب~^ْ^ٱل(, the All-Noticing. The one who sees all things by His Eternal Sight without a pupil or any other instrument. Allah sees everything; even if it\'s insignificant, like a black ant on a black stone when it\'s pitch black at night. There is nothing hidden from His sight. He has knowledge of all things, both in Heaven and on Earth. He does not miss any detail. His sight encompasses all, not just the superficial. He sees what\'s truly within. اَ ۡ^س^ ~َ~^م^ ~ُ~^ع^ ~َ~و قَا َل ا~َ~^ۡۤ^ُ^ك^~َ~مااِنَّنِ ۡ^ى^ ~َ~^مع^َ ٰرى َل تَ َخافَآ *\"\[Allah\] said, "Fear not. Indeed, I am with you both; I hear and I see.\"(Surah Tuaha: 46)* This verse was said to Prophet Musa (as) when he was commanded to confront the tyrannical Firaun. Imagine being in Prophet Musa (as) shoes. You know Firaun\'s violent history of how he tortures and ^enslaves\ anyone\ who\ would\ defy\ him.\ Now,\ imagine\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْسُ telling you He is by your side. That He ^is\ hearing\ and\ seeing\ all\ that\ is\ being\ said.\ It\'s\ a\ reminder\ that\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْسُ is not just watching you, but He is watching over you. It\'s a name that, once understood, should instill peace, comfort, and protection. Once, Jibreel asked the Holy Prophet (PBUH), \"Tell me about excellence". The Prophet (PBUH) said, "Excellence is to worship Allah as if you see Him, for if you do not see Him, He surely sees you.\" ِعبَ~اِداۚ~^ۡ^بِ^ال^~َ~و ه^ّٰللا^~ُ~ بَ ِصۡي ٌ~ر~^ٌۢ^َّ^و^ ~ِ~ر ۡ^ض^~َ~وا ٌن ِ م َن هّٰللاا ^ِ^~َوا~َۡ^ز^~َ~وا ٌج ُّ~م~ ^َ^ط َّ^ه^~َ~رة^ٌ^~َ~هاٰهُ~ر~ ^ٰ^خِلِدۡي َن ف^ۡ^ِ~ي~ۡ^ۡ^لَ^ن^~َ~ها اِ ~ِ~هۡم َجنه ٌت تَۡ^ج^~ِ~ر ۡى ِ~م~^ۡ^ن تَۡحتَِ^د^ ~َرب~ ^ۡ^ِذۡي َن اتَّقَۡوا ِ~عن~^َّ^ِل ُكۡما ِ^لل^~ٍ~ر ِ ~م~^ۡ^~ن\ ذ~^ٰ^َخۡيِئُ ُكۡم بُِؤنَ~ب\ ق~^ُۡ^ل اَ *\"Say, "Shall I inform you of \[something\] better than that? For those who fear Allah will be gardens in the presence of their Lord beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide eternally, and purified spouses and approval from Allah. And Allah is Seeing of \[His\] servants\" (Aal e Imran:15)* ^We\ must\ remember\ that\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ is the all-Hearer and the all-Seer. If we keep this at the forefront of ^our\ minds,\ it\ would\ save\ us\ from\ a\ lot\ of\ trouble.\ Knowing\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ is watching, we would avoid doing or saying something we would later regret. It serves as a preventive mechanism we could filter our choices, bringing about awareness of our actions and speech. **Kalam** *the Speech* The attribute \"Kalaam\" means Allah Almighty has the command of speech. He speaks to His Prophets when He wills without the aid of tongue as He hears and sees sans the ears and eyes since these things are limbs and parts of the body and Allah Almighty is Pure and free from such things. His \"Kalaam\" does not need sound or voice and is eternal like His other attributes. All the Divine books and the Holy Qur'an which we read and write are also eternal. It is obligatory to believe Allah is attributed with Speech (Kalam). This is an eternal and everlasting attribute with which Allah orders, forbids, and informs. It is not a letter nor a sound nor a language. The Qur\'an and the other revealed Books are expressions of the eternal Kalam of the Self of Allah. When we write the word \"Allah\" it is an expression of the Self of Allah. Likewise, the words and sentences of the revealed Books are expressions of the Kalam of Allah. The Qur\'an is called the Kalam of Allah because it is not authored by Prophet Muhammad or Angel Jibril. The Qur\'an is also used to mean the eternal Kalam of the Self of Allah. ~َ~ ^هللا^ُ ~ُمو\ :said\ Allahم~^َّ^~َ~و َكل ~ً~ماليِ~ك~ْ َت سىَ *Allah spoke to Musa with His eternal Kalam (An Nisa: 164)* PECHS Girls' School \| Islamiyat Handout -- Tawheed \| Year 9 \| Page **4** of **8** i.e., Allah created in Prophet Musa the ability to hear the Kalam of the Self of Allah, which is not a letter nor a sound. **Mashiyat** *Will, Intention* The root of the word MASHIYYAT (مشيت (is sh-y-'a. It is usually rendered as "wishing, willing or desiring". Allah Almighty is possessed of the attribute of \"will and intention\". Nothing can happen unless He desires, wills and intends. He creates and develops each and every thing with His wish and will. His no action or creation is unintentional. What has happened or is happening or will happen is all with His eternal will. Nothing is binding on Him nor anyone can question His authority. He is All-independent and Supreme Sovereign to do or to command what He wills. ~ُ~مۡهتَِدۡ~ي\ َن~^ۡ^~ِ~^ال^~ُ~^م\ ب^~َ~و اَ ۡ~عل~^َ^~َ~وهُـ ِك َّن هّٰللاَ يَۡهِد ۡ^ى^ ~َم~^ۡ^ن يَّ َشآ^ء^~ُ\ ؕ~^ٰ^ۡب َ^ت^ ~َ~ولَك ََل تَۡهِد ۡ^ى^ ~َم~^ۡ^ن اَۡحبَاِنَّ *Indeed, \[O Muhammad\], you do not guide whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He is most knowing of the \[rightly\] guided. (Al-Qasas \[28\]: 56)* Allah does whatever He intends. He defines rules, criteria and measures etc. He decrees how things ought to be. We do not know and cannot know why He has taken a certain measure as He does things the way He wants. He brings about whatever He intends. ~ِ~رۡيدُاِ َّن هّٰللاَ ي~َ~ ۡح ُ^ك^~ُ~^م^ ~َ~ما يُ *Indeed, Allah ordains what He intends. (Al-Ma\'idah \[5\] : 1**)*** **[Asma ul Husna (The Beautiful Names)]** As Muslims, we believe in Allah in accordance with His beautiful names and attributes. Allah has revealed His names repeatedly in the Holy Quran primarily for us to understand who He is. Learning and memorizing the names of Allah will help us to identify the correct way to believe in Him. There is nothing more sacred and blessed than understanding the names of Allah and living by them. Allah says in the Quran: ُح ۡ~سن~^ٰ^ى فَ~ا~^ۡ^د ُعۡوهُ بِ ~َها~^ۡ^~ُء\ ال~^ۡ^لَ ۡ^س^ ~َ~ما^ٓ^~َ~وِّٰللهِ ا *And to Allah belong the best names, so invoke Him by them. (Al Araf:180)* ۡ^ۡ^لَ ۡ^س^ ~َ~مآ^ء^~ُ\ الـهُ\ ال~َ ~ُ~^م^ ~َ~ص ~ِ~و ُ~ر~^ۡ^~ِ~ر ُئ البَ~ا~^ۡ^َخـاِلـ ُ~ق\ ال~^ۡ^ال ُح ۡسنهُ ~ٰ~^ى^ ~َ~و ه^ّٰللا^ُ *He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. (Al Hashr:24)* Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم (as saying: *There are ninety-nine names of Allah; he who commits them to memory would get into Paradise. Verily, Allah is Odd (He is one, and it is an odd number) and He loves odd number."(Sahih Muslim Book-48 Hadith-5)* **Rahman** *The Beneficent* He who wills goodness and mercy for all His creatures. Allah is Ar-Rahmaan (in Arabic: نُ ^مـا^~َ~ حْ ر~َّ~^ْ^ٱل(. He is the One who blesses all his creation with prosperity and devoid from disparity. He is most merciful, kind, and loving towards all creation. His Rahma is all inclusive and embraces all. Every surah with the exception of Surah Taubah begins with recitation of this name in the Bismillah. This is the first impression He would like all His believers to know is that He is the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. There are 169 mentions of Ar-Rahman throughout the entire Qur\'an. The one most famously referenced in works as an example is the above from Surah al-Isra, ۡ~يَل~^ا^ِِل َك َسبۡ~ي\ َن\ ذ~^ٰ^ب^َ^~َِ~واۡبتَ^غ^ِ ~َها~^ۡ^ت بََلتِ َ^ك^ ~َ~وََل تُ َخافِ~ِ~^ص^َ~َ~وََل تَۡ^ج^ ~َ~هۡر بُح ۡ~سن~^ٰ^~ى\ ۚ~^ۡ^~ُء\ الَ~^ۡ^لَ ۡ^س^ ~َ~ما^ٓ^~ِو\ ا~^ۡ^د ُعۡوا ال َّرۡح ٰم َن ؕ اَيًّا َّ~ما\ ت~َۡد ُعۡوا فَ~ل~^َهُ\ ا^~ِل\ ا~^ۡ^د ُعۡوا هّٰللاَ اَ~ق~ُ *\"Say, \'Call upon Allah or call upon the Most Merciful. Whichever \[name\] you call -- to Him belong the best names.\' And do not recite \[too\] loudly in your prayer or \[too\] quietly but seek between that an \[intermediate\] way.\" (17:110)* ^The\ name\ Ar-Rahman\ is\ reserved\ for\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ alone, it\'s a quality that can\'t be ascribed to anybody else. A person can be referred to as Ar-Raheem, meaning showing absolute mercy. But Ar-Rahman is understood to be all-encompassing mercy, so far reaching that it touches everything and everyone. A kind of ^mercy\ that\ knows\ no\ bounds.\ No\ one\ possess\ that\ kind\ of\ Mercy\ except\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَهُۥ.سُ ْب َ~ح~ ٰ PECHS Girls' School \| Islamiyat Handout -- Tawheed \| Year 9 \| Page **5** of **8** Umar b. Khattab reported that there were brought some prisoners to Allah\'s Messenger (peace be upon him) amongst whom there was also a woman, who was searching (for someone) and when she found a child amongst the prisoners, she took hold of it, pressed it against her chest and provided it suck. Thereupon Allah\'s Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم (said: Do you think this woman would ever afford to throw her child in the Fire? We said: By Allah, so far as it lies in her power, she would never throw the child in Fire. Thereupon Allah\'s Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم (said: Allah is more kind to His servants than this woman is to her child. ^\[4\]^ **Raziq** *The Total Provider* ~ٰى\ Allahل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْسُ is Ar-Razzaq (in Arabic: قُ زاَّ رَّ ال (the Provider, the Sustainer for all His creatures. He is The One who creates all means of nourishment and gives them their livelihood. He is the provider of growth for all things good for the body, the soul, and the mind. The believer benefits from knowing ar-Razzaq. At some biological level, we have this looming anxiety of not having enough. We\'re afraid of losing our job, being unable to pay our bills, or not having enough to eat. We live with this constant worry. ^The\ release\ comes\ in\ knowing\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْ ُس as ar-Razzaq. He is the best provider for all; there is not a ^single\ creature\ that\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ does not provide for. Since He is the only one who can give sustenance, ~we\ should\ seek\ it\ from\ Allah~ ^ٰ^حَ ^ى^ُٰسْب ~ل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~ۥُهَن. Understanding this frees a person from the shackles of influence of an unjust employer, dictator, or any kind of authority. People may be coerced to compromise their morals ^and\ resort\ to\ cheating\ and\ stealing\ to\ secure\ sustenance.\ But\ the\ one\ who\ knows\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْ ُس as ar Razzaq will never act in this way as he knows the real authority is with Allah the Almighty. ~َس\ اَ~^َّ^ِل ِليَۡعبُ^دُۡو^ ~ِن~^ۡ^~َ~^ۡ^لِ^ن^~ِ~ج َّ^ن^ ~َوا~^ۡ^~ُت\ ال~^ۡ^~َ~^و^ ~َ~ما َ~خل~^َ^ق ِ^ع^~ُ~^مۡو^ ~ِ~^ن^~ِ~رۡ~يدُ\ ا~َۡ~ن\ يُّط~^ۡ^~اُ~^ۤ^~ُ~هۡم ِ ~م~^ۡن^ ِ ~ر~^ۡز^ ~ٍ~ق َّ^و^ ~َما~^ۡ^~ِ~رۡيدُ ِ~مناُ~^ۤ^~َ~ما ~َ~مت^ۡ^ِي ُ~ن~^ۡ^َّوةِ الق~ُ~^ۡۡو\ ال^~َ~و ال َّر َّزا ُ~ق\ ذ~^ُ^اِ َّن هّٰللاَ هُ *\"And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me. I do not want from them any provision, nor do I want them to feed Me. Indeed, it is Allah who is the \[continual\] Provider, the firm possessor of strength.\" (Az Zariyat 51:56-58)* **Khaliq** *The Creator* Al Khaaliq (in Arabic: قُ لِخا~َ~^ْ^ٱل (He is the one who creates things from nothing with no precedents. He creates what He pleases and in a perfect manner. He is the only one who determines when, how, and what to create and does so from nothing. The name al-Khaliq is mentioned in the Qur\'an 11 times. ُح ۡ~سن~^ٰ^~ى\ ؕ~^ۡ^~ُء\ الَ~^ۡ^لَ ۡ^س^ ~َ~مآ^ـهُ\ ا^~ُ~^م^ ~َ~ص ~ِ~و ُ~ر\ لَ~^ۡ^~ِ~ر ُئ البَ~ا~^ۡ^َخـاِلـ ُ~ق\ ال~^ۡ^~َ~و هّٰللاُ الهُ *\"He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.\" (Al Hashr: 24)* Other instances of al-Khaliq in the Qur\'an include Surah al-Mu\'minun ayah 14 where the word Khaliq is mentioned twice and as a name of Allah once: َخاِلِ~قْي\ َن~ ^ْ^ْح َس ُ^ن\ ال^~َ~ر َك هّٰللاُ اََ^خ^ ~َر~ فَتَبَ~ا~^ٰ^قا~ا\ ا~^ْ^~ن~^ٰ^هُ َ~خل~^ْ^~َّ~م اَْن َشأْ^ح^ ~اما\ ث~^ُ^~ل~^َ^~َ~ِ~ع~ ^ٰ^~ظم~^ْ^ِ~ع~ ^ٰظ^ ~ا~ما فَ َك َسْونَ^ا\ ال^~ُ~م ْضغَ~ة~َ^ْ^فَ َ~خل~^َ\ ْ^قنَ^ا\ ال^~ُ~م ْضغَ~ة~^اْع^~َل~^َ^قَ~ة~^َ^فَ َ~خل~^َ\ ْ^قنَا الَ~عل~^َ^قَ~ة~^ا^~َّ~م َ~خل~^َ\ ْ^قنَا الن~ُّ~ ^ْ^طفَ~ة~^َ^~ث~ُ *\"Then We made the sperm-drop into a clinging clot, and We made the clot into a lump \[of flesh\], and We made \[from\] the lump, bones, and We covered the bones with flesh; then We developed him into another creation. So blessed is Allah, the best of creators.\"* ^Note,\ in\ this\ verse\ it\ refers\ to\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ as *ahsan al khaliqeen*, meaning \"the best of creators\". It\'s also mentioned another time in Surah as-Saffat ayat 125. The benefit of knowing al-Khaliq is to take a second to reflect on all of Allah\'s creations. How can a person be created from a small drop of fluid and have it manifest into 30 trillion cells that all work in unison, giving us life? If you gaze at the night sky, look at each tiny speck of light, each one of those is a giant star existing far ^away\ in\ some\ galaxy\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ has created. Yet here we are on this relatively small rock, floating through space, and it\'s the only one we know that is habitable. All the beauty in the world, and you get to ~ٰ~ى َ~ح~^ٰ^ُسْب ~ل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~ۥُه has allowed us to play a part in it. How can you not feel humble and experience it; Allah َن appreciative of this very moment? **Qaabidh** *The Restricting One* PECHS Girls' School \| Islamiyat Handout -- Tawheed \| Year 9 \| Page **6** of **8** The Constrictor, The Withholder. He is the one who constricts sustenance, our lives, and our hearts. The opposite, al-Basit is the one who expands and widens it with His Generosity and Mercy. In Arabic *qabd* also means to clench, to grasp, or to seize whereas *bast* refers to openness. Think closed hand versus open hand, to withhold and to give. Allah is Al-Qaabid meaning whatever He wills comes to be. He is the one who enriches and makes poor. al Qabid decides to withhold something or to make it scarce. He is the taker of all souls at the time of death, and He stretches His hand out to the believers so that they may turn to him and repent. The names al-Qabid and al-Basit are often mentioned together for juxtaposition. It emphasizes how Allah ~ٰىل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْسُ can be both the constrictor (al-Qabid) and the one who expands something (al-Basit). This is a ^display\ of\ how\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ , in His infinite wisdom, gives or withhold to whomever He pleases. In Surah Baqarah verse 245: ْر َجعُ ْو َنيْ ِه ت^ُ^~َ~واِ~لَ~^ُۖ^ِ ُ^ض^ ~َ~ويَْب ُ~ص~ ^ُ^~ط~^ْقب^~َ~رةا ~َ~و هّٰللاُ يَْ^ضع^~َ~افاا كَثِ ْياَ ~ه~^ٓ^ْر اضا َح َسناا فَيُ ٰض ِعفَ ~ه\ ل~^َْق^~ِ~ر ُض هّٰللاَ قَ^ِذ^ ~ْ~ي ي~ُ~^َّ^~َ~م ْن ذَا ال *\"Who is it that would loan Allah a goodly loan so He may multiply it for him many times over? And it is Allah who withholds and grants abundance, and to Him you will be returned.\"* Just as food is good, but being over-indulgent is unhealthy and can be destructive, leading to many ^complications\ down\ the\ road.\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْ ُس may withhold His provisions based on His superior knowledge. ^It\ is\ difficult,\ but\ if\ we\ go\ through\ a\ period\ of\ constriction,\ we\ should\ find\ peace\ as\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَهُۥ knows ُسْب َ~ح~ ٰ best. We can always uncover some good in the bad. We are brought down to earth, and we are humbled. By switching our narrative, we can transform any tragedy into an opportunity. If we see this period of our life ^as\ a\ test,\ we\ can\ behave\ in\ a\ manner\ that\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^حَ بْسُ would love to see His servant respond. For example, strive harder in worship, show sabr (patience), seek to do good deeds, help others, and take care of yourself. Perhaps these tough times are necessary to create future leaders who are more resilient, empathetic, ^and\ wise\ and\ will\ climb\ to\ greater\ heights\ they\ never\ could\'ve\ imagined.\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَهُۥ.best knows ُسْب َ~ح~ ٰ In a hadith narrated by Anas ibn Malik: The people said: Messenger of Allah, prices have shot up, so fix prices for us. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسلم (said: Allah is the one Who fixes prices, withholds, gives lavishly and provides, and I hope that when I meet Allah, none of you will have any claim on me for an injustice regarding blood or property. **Baasit** The Extender Allah is Al-Baasit, The Enlarger, The One whose bounty has no limits, the One who amplifies all abundance. He expands and widens the hearts and our souls and gives us sustenance in His Generosity and Mercy.He is the one who makes the way wide open. He gives plentifully to whoever He wills and reaches out a helping hand to all mankind. Allah gives provision and mercy as He wishes. To constrast with al-Qabid, al-Basit is a display of Allah\'s mercy of giving without any measure. When Allah ~ٰىل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْسُ wants to give, it is free and infinite. There is neither stopping nor restricting it. In the Qur\'an, it says, بَ ِصيْ رْي ~ر~^ٌۢ^ِِ ِعبَاِدٖه َ^خب^~ُ~ء اِنَّ ~ه\ ب~^ۤ^~ٍ~ر َّما يَ ^َشا^~ِ~قَدَِك ْن يُنَ ^ز^~ِ\ ُل\ ب~^ٰ^ْر ِ^ض^ ~َولَ~^ْ^ل^َ^ْوا فِى ابَغ^َ^ِ ر ْز َق ِل ِعبَاِدٖ~ه\ ل~^َ^ْو بَ َ~س~ ^َ^ط هّٰللاُ ^ال^~َول~َ *\"And if Allah had extended \[excessively\] provision for His servants, they would have committed tyranny throughout the earth. But He sends \[it\] down in an amount which He wills. Indeed He is, of His servants, Acquainted and Seeing.\" (Ash Shura 42:27)* We can benefit from knowing al-Qabid and al-Basit. We can use these names in supplication, asking Allah ~ٰىل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَ~هُۥ~^ٰ^ حَ بْسُ to expand our hearts to be reminded in remembrance of Allah. We can call upon these names for rizq as they are closely related. But remember the natural laws of contraction and expansion. We should not be overly excited for the good provision and not be deeply saddened in times of constraint. Accept both as ^they\ come\ and\ always\ be\ grateful\ to\ Allah\ ى^~ٰل~^َٰ^~َ~وتَ^ع^~َ~نَهُۥ.remains what for ُسْب َ~ح~ٰ **Aalimul Ghaib** *Knower of the hidden* Linguistically, the more intense form of Aleem (one who knows) is Alim (one who intuitively knows with certainty). Therefore, Alim indicates perfection, completeness, absoluteness and totality of Allah's ILM PECHS Girls' School \| Islamiyat Handout -- Tawheed \| Year 9 \| Page **7** of **8** (knowledge). His attribute of being 'Alim (most knowing) is always linked to the Ghayb (unseen) to stress that human knowledge is imperfect and limited, despite the modernization and advancement of science and technology. He knows and comprehends the complete details of everything with certainty. Allah's knowledge is all inclusive, comprehensive, concealed and detailed. It is neither acquired through learning nor preceded by ignorance nor followed by shortcomings. His knowledge of past, present and future is deeply-rooted and complete in all respects. Knowledge about Allah is the origin and basis of every other type of knowledge. By knowing Him, all the other types of knowledge will be known. Allah has the highest level of knowledge and the highest form of knowledge is the knowledge about Him. ْ~و\ َن~^ُ^ْ^ع^~َ~^مل^~ٍ~ل َع َّما ت^َ^~ِ~غَافِ~َ~ربُّ َ^ك\ ب^~َ~^و^ ~َماْي~ ه^ِ^~َو~ ^َّ^ك ْل َ~عل~َ ه فَا ْعبُدْهُ ~َ~وت~َ~^ُّ^ْمُر ُ~كلَ~^ْ^لَيْ ِه يُ ْر َ^ج^ ~ُ~ع اْر ِ^ض^ ~َ~واِ~ل~^َ^~َ~^ْ^لََغْي ُب ال َّس ٰمٰ^و\ ِت^ ~َ~واِ~َ~وِّلِله *Everything of the 'unseen' in the heavens and the earth is in the Power or Knowledge of Allah Alone, and everything is returned to Him. So serve Him, and put your trust in Him; for your Lord is not unaware of what you are doing. (Surah Hud: 123)* Narrated Ibn Umar: The Prophet said, "The keys of the unseen are five and none knows them but Allah: (1) None knows what is in the womb, but Allah: (2) None knows what will happen tomorrow, but Allah; (3) None knows when it will rain, but Allah; (4) None knows where he will die, but Allah (knows that); (5) and none knows when the Hour will be established, but Allah." (Sahih Bukhari) PECHS Girls' School \| Islamiyat Handout -- Tawheed \| Year 9 \| Page **8** of **8**