Thailand & Myanmar Governments PDF

THAILAND Type of Government : Constitutional Monarchy - Monarch are no longer absolute because the constitution limits it Branches of the Government - Executive - Judiciary - Legislative Lese Majeste Law - Of...

THAILAND Type of Government : Constitutional Monarchy - Monarch are no longer absolute because the constitution limits it Branches of the Government - Executive - Judiciary - Legislative Lese Majeste Law - Offense to majesty - Head of state is immuned from the public system, otherwise the concerned party may be penalized or imprisoned Faction Constitutionalism - Inclination or propensity to constantly change constitutions - A situation which excessive draft, legitimate, in factional dominance Chief of Executive King - Head of state - Current: Maha Vajiralongkorn - Changed by succession Prime Minister - Head of the government - Current: Paetongtarn Shinawatra - Appointed by the king in accordance with the resolution of the National Legislative Assembly - Nominated by the HR - Appointed by the King Form of Legislative System Bicameral Parliamentary System ( Bicameral National Assembly ) - The power of their parliament is highly respected and acts independently - More diversified with greater representation - Senate and house of representatives Institutions and Social Groups House of Representatives - HR has 500 members, elected by universal adult suffrage - 4 years term, unless dissolve by king with the advice by the PM Senate - Senate has 750 members which are elected through general elections, 250 of which appointed by the military Military - Major role in their history, especially in their governance - Most formidable and secured state - Play dominant role in governmental affairs - Weakness of civilian governments Bureaucracy - Small group of people who are technocrats who make major political decisions - bedrock stability in the political system - 1997 financial crisis - Asian financial crisis, shift to focus between the bureaucratic actors to the extra bureaucratic actors - Bargaining from a small highly government group of actors A coup culture is when there is a normalized of staging a coup, to solve a political crisis THAILAND - Absolute to a constitutional monarchy in 1932 - Dominated by the military, bureaucracy, political power began to shift - Led to more competitive political system - Monarchy remains central to the state’s legitimacy Economy and Development - Thailand was not a battleground of the Cold War - Ally of the US - Joined regional organizations like ASEAN Foreign Relations - Free trade negotiations with US, European Union, China and Japan - Maintained relationship with China since the Vietnam War  MYANMAR - British colonization - Occupied by the japanese - Very insecure and external control - 2008 Constitution - parliamentary republic ( representation, freedom, and democracy ) - Headed by Prime minister - 2021 election, staged a coup - Military Regime - Executive headed by prime minister - Legislative, parliament - House ofNationalities and House of Representatives - Judiciary - Daw Aung San Suu Kyi played a vital role in Myanmar - Suu under house arrest initiated non violent struggles and human rights violation - Suu was the founder of National League of Democracy (NLD) The Myanmar Military declaring 2020 election as invalid I. Institutions and Social groups in Myanmar - Military - Parliament/ Legislative POLITICAL PARTIES - Battle of Ideology - National Parties - Ethnic Minority Parties Union Solidarity and Development Association State Peace and Development Council Union Solidarity and Development Party MONKS - Highly respected as teachers and religious leaders - Monastic order has been politically active - Thabeik Hmawk  Attain their ambitions Pressure the federal government Ethnic minority groups tend to be disappointed because of their please not granted leading to armed individuals II. State - Society Relations and Democracy Dominated by the Military III. Economic and Development Isolation Modified Open Non Alignment Isolationism Economy Thailand and Myanmar similarities Absolute Monarchy Buddhism Agro Business Thailand as a growing economy compared to Myanmar Burmese was colonized by british Experienced inferiority “BURMESE WAY TO SOCIALISM” - prove to be economic failure since the economy of Myanmar has not been growing and improving IV. Foreign Relations - Modified Isolationism  VIETNAM - The Socialist Republic of Vietnam - The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is an authoritarian state ruled by a single party, the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) led by General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong, Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung, and President Truong Tan Sang. - Socialist republic - Vietnam was colonized by French and subjected for foreign control - Vietnam became a battlefield for US and USSR cold war - Vietnam were divided into 2 which is the north and south Vietnam HO CHI MINH - Founding father of independent, communism vietnam - Founder of the communist party of Vietnam (CPV) - Leader of league for the independence of vietnam - HO CHI MINH means “he who enlightens” - Ho Chi Minh died on 1979 1975 - Reunification of northern and southern vietnam - One party system - Communist party of Vietnam INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL GROUPS - Ho Chi Minh - CVP Political Bureau or POLITBURO, highest body of the CPV - National Assembly , party number and no party - Vietnam Fatherland front or VFF - Military - PAVN or People’s Army of Vietnam CVP - all authoritative will be made by the CVP 1975 - Reunification of the north and south vietnam or the US and USSR 1986 - Multi sector economic system between the state and private sectors 1997 - Asian financial crisis 2008 - Internal crisis ( not stated according to atty. Pimentel)  CAMBODIA Government Name : Kingdom of Cambodia Head of State : King Norodom Sihamoni Chief of State : Prime Minister Hun Manet Constitution: Adopted the 1993 constitution Type of Government : Multiparty Democracy under a Constitutional Monarchy French colonialism dominated by Prince Norodom Sihanouk HISTORY 1863 Cambodia becomes a French protectorate and remains a French colony for the next 90 years. 1941- 1945 Japan occupied Cambodia during World War II. 1946 France re-establishes its protectorate over Cambodia 1953 Cambodia gained independence from France and becomes monarchy 1989 The country is renamed the State of Cambodia 1991 A peace agreement is signed in Paris 1993 As the monarchy is restored with Sihanouk becoming king again, the government in exile loses its seat at the UN. 2004 Parliament ratifies the kingdoms joining of the WTO or the World Trade Organization 2012 After years of armed conflict between Cambodia and Thailand, the International Court of Justice steps in to stop outbreaks and encourage the countries to withdraw troops from disputed borders.  2017 Cambodia's significant opposition party, the Cambodia National Rescue Party, is dissolved by the Supreme Court Great Khmer Civilization - Culminated in the twelfth century - Khmers ruled over most of the modern day of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. - Symbolized by great temples at Angkor Sihanouk allowed the Vietnamese to use his territory, although on a latter part he went to Moscow to request for a soviet and ousting for vietnamese. Sihanouk’s relations with the United States during the time were both acrimonious and supportive. He opposed the U.S. involvement in Vietnam Sihanouk's frequently changing policies were consistent with his overall objective of keeping his country neutral and sovereign. Sihanouk’s major failure was his inability to institutionalize a political system in which power relations were not exclusively a function of his own desires and whims. Note : Sihanouk Pol Pot Lon Nol Angka - Represented itself as the leader of oppressed workers, farmers and peasants of the former regimes. - CAMBODIA was changed to Democratic Kampuchea, and Prince Sihanouk was brought back as the nominal head of state but lived under house arrest. - Angka used draconian measures to silence even potential voices of opposition and reduce impotence. - Angka also purged persons who were in any way connected to the Lon Nol regime or believed to harbor bourgeois values. Note : - Vietnam announced the purpose of the purpose of its invasion was to end constant border clashes