BONE & CARTILAGE Tutorial PDF

BONE & CARTILAGE Tutorial PAEHC Module Anatomy Department  OBJECTIVES At the end of the tutorial, students should be able to: list the function of bones & cartilage? classify the bone? mention types of cartilage? The skeleton forms the main supporting f...

BONE & CARTILAGE Tutorial PAEHC Module Anatomy Department  OBJECTIVES At the end of the tutorial, students should be able to: list the function of bones & cartilage? classify the bone? mention types of cartilage? The skeleton forms the main supporting framework of the body, it includes bones (the hard part of the skeleton) and Cartilage ( the firm, rubber- like part of the skeleton). Functions of Bones: Give the body its characteristic shape (support). Attachments of skeletal muscles for body movements Protect the vital soft parts of the body, Examples: The brain in the skull. Thoracic cage for heart & lungs The spinal cord in the vertebral canal The urogenital organs in the pelvis Provide the body with calcium and phosphorus during emergencies. Bone marrow helps in the formation of blood cells and immune cells. Classification of bones: A- Regional classification. B- Developmental classification. C- Structural classification. D- Morphological classification.  CARTILAGE Cartilage‫ ريف‬is a firm, rubber-like part of the skeleton. *General features: 1-Cartilage is a non-vascular structure i.e. it has no vessels. 2-It is insensitive, as it contains no nerves. 3-Cartilage is covered on its surface by a fibrous membrane named perichondrium. 4-Calcification of cartilage, occurs when it is replaced by bone. 5-It is a radiolucent i.e. black in colour in X ray  CLASSIFICATION: A- HYALENE CARTILAGE: It is homogenous, bluish white and translucent. Its distribution in the body is as follows: 1-Articualr cartilage of synovial joints. 2- Epiphyseal cartilage plates, during the growth period only. 3- Costal cartilages. 4- In respiratory system: - Nasal cartilages. - Larynx-most of its parts. - Rings in the trachea and bronchi. B- WHITE FIBRO CARTILAGE: It is the cartilage rich in white collagenous fibers, which are responsible for is white colour and opaque appearance. It is strong and tough and is usually found in places subjected to great pressure. C- YELLOW ELASTIC FIBROCARTILAGE: It is the cartilage rich in yellow elastic fibers which make it more flexible. Examples: - External ear. - Auditory tube. - Epiglottis  Quiz 1-Mention the characters of cartilage? 2-Which of the following is a white fibro cartilage? 1-Articular cartilage 2- external ear 3-Intervertebral discs (IVD) 4- epiglottis 3-Which of the following cartilage is rich in yellow elastic fibers? 1-costal cartilage 2- trachea 3-menisci of the knee joint 4- external ear