System Thinking Placement Examination Reviewer PDF

SYSTEM THINKING PLACEMENT EXAMINATION REVIEWER WHAT IS SYSTEMS? A system consists of a group of interacting, LINKS AND LOOPS interrelated, or interdependent components In a CLD, you will be able to observe at least two that form a complex and unified whole....

SYSTEM THINKING PLACEMENT EXAMINATION REVIEWER WHAT IS SYSTEMS? A system consists of a group of interacting, LINKS AND LOOPS interrelated, or interdependent components In a CLD, you will be able to observe at least two that form a complex and unified whole. kinds of relationships between variables: A system’s components can be best 1. When variable A changes, variable B also exemplified as (tangible) physical objects that changes in the same direction. a human person can actually touch, like Below are examples: parts that make up a vehicle. - When the amount of rain increases, the rate at The components of a system may also be which the plants grow also increases. regarded as intangible. - When hourly wages decrease, employee morale A system that is undeniably dependent to an also decrease. even larger system. 2. When A changes, B also changes in the opposite direction. SYSTEMS THINKING Examples: An approach that is everything in the world - When the level of exhaustion increases, has a system. It originated from a theory concentration wanes. called cause and effect. - When the price of jewelry drops, the volume of jewelry purchasing increases FISH BONE DIAGRAM (Cause-and-Effect Diagram) Identifies many possible causes for an effect FEEDBACK LOOPS or problem. Are closed circuits of interconnection between variables, and as sequences of CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEMS mutual cause and effect. The links between 1. The parts of a system must all be available each variable illustrates how the variables for the system to fulfill its purpose are interconnected, and the signs (s or effectively. o)/positive or Negative (+ or -)show how the 2. A system’s parts must be organized in a variables impact one another. precise manner for the system to accomplish In addition, every feedback loop depicts its purpose. either a reinforcing process or a balancing 3. Systems definitely have a purpose within process. larger systems. Reinforcing and Balancing kinds of loops are 4. Systems provide for their stability through the building blocks of any dynamic system fluctuations and adjustments. structure, and they combine in an 5. Systems ought to have feedback. interminable variety of ways to produce the complex systems at work within and around General Component of a Causal Loop Diagram us. (CLDs) One or more feedback loops (reinforcing or REINFORCING LOOPS balancing processes) Can be viewed as the engines of growth and Cause-and-effect relationships between the collapse. They form a combination of change variables in one direction with even more change in Delays that direction. Several reinforcing loops possess a quality of accelerating movement A CLD is comprised of 2 or more variables that are in a precise direction, a sense that more than connected by links, which generally take the form of one variable changes, the more another an arrow. Additionally, a closed circle of variables changes. As a result, these loops are known and links constitute a feedback loop. as vicious cycles—depending on the impact SYSTEM THINKING PLACEMENT EXAMINATION REVIEWER of the change. In causal loop diagrams, DELAY reinforcing loops are labeled with an “R.” Make sure to identify which (if any) links have A visual way to identify a reinforcing loop (R) significant delays relative to the rest of the diagram. is to count the number of o/negative(-) in a Delays are important because they are often the causal loop diagram (CLD). If there is an even source of imbalances that accumulate in the system. number of o/negative(-) or simply no o”/”negative(-) , then the loop is indeed a FEEDBACK reinforcing. A causal has a reinforcing feedback if the number of negative (-)sign is even or equal to zero (= 0). HOW TO FORMULATE A CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM - All reinforcing loops has amplifying effect. (CLD) 1. Formulate the core problem. BALANCING 2. Tell the story of the problem behavior. A casual has balancing feedback if the number of 3. Select the key variables you want to work negative (-) sign is an odd number or equal to zero with. (=1). 4. Assign a name for the variables specifically. Use nouns or noun phrases. Make sure that your variable name fits into phrases like “level of” or “size of.” Use a neutral or positive term whenever possible. Take account of intangible variables, such as morale, where applicable, as well as tangible variables. 5. Graph the variables’ behavior over time (BOTG). 6. Hypothesize about how the variables might be interconnected or correlated. POLARITY It describes the term “the more or the less”. RULES OF CAUSALITY Node one causes node two or changes in node one result in changes in node two. RELATIONSHIP/LINKS May be a positive or negative. Like/same polarity result to a positive relationship , unlike polarity result negative relationship. NODES/VARIABLES 1. Nodes Name - use positive and nouns, not verb. 2. Nodes Description - represent qty over time.