Survey of English and American Literature PDF

Module in LIT 205: SURVEY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE by: Jonalyn B. Duhaylungsod, MAEd 0 0  || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  Unit 11: ENGLISH LITERATURE Desired Learning Outcomes: At the end of the unit, t...

Module in LIT 205: SURVEY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE by: Jonalyn B. Duhaylungsod, MAEd 0 0  || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  Unit 11: ENGLISH LITERATURE Desired Learning Outcomes: At the end of the unit, the students must have: At the end of the unit, students must have: 1. identified the invaders of the British Isles; 2. explained the types of literature that flourished during the Old English Period; 3. discussed the characteristics of a typical Anglo-Saxon Warrior; and 4. discussed the message of Beowulf 5. enumerated the qualities of the Normans and their contributions to English Literature; 6. described Chaucer’s Prologue and each pilgrim in Canterbury Tales; and listed down the characteristics of the ballad. 7. enumerated the contributions of Elizabethan age to the politics, economics and literature of England; 8. discussed the forms and themes of the poems and memorized beautiful lines from the discussed poems. 9. discussed the political and historical background of the age; 10. discussed the forms and contents of the poem; 11. memorized some lines and used these in future communication activities; and 12. appreciated the significance of the poems through film viewing, listening to music, poetry writing and verse choir. 13. discussed the political background of the age, and describe its literary characteristics. 14. identified the forms and contents of the poems; and 15. wrote the salient lines or passages from the poems and used these for future communication activities. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  TOPICS: UNIT 1. ENGLISH LITERATURE A. OLD ENGLISH 1.1 The Races of England 1.2 Epic Poetry 1.2.1 Beowulf B. MIDDLE ENGLISH 1.1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1.1.1 The Canterbury Tales 1.2 Sir Thomas Mallory Le Morte D Arthur 1.2.1 Ballads 1.2.2 Characteristics 1.2.3 Get up and Bar the Door Lord Randal 1.2.4 Robinhood C. ELIZABETHAN AGE 1.1 Historical- Cultural Background 1.2 Christopher Marlowe 1.2.1 The Inevitable Day 1.2.2 The Passionate Shepherd to his Love 1.3 Sir Walter Raleigh 1.3.1 The Nymph’s Reply 1.4 Sir Philip Sidney 1.4.1 Astrophel and Stella 1.5 William Shakespeare 1. Sonnets 18, 29 and 116 2. Romeo and Juliet 1.6 Sir Francis Bacon 1. Of Studies 2. Of Revenge D. CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE 1.1 Alexander Pope 1.1.1 Essay on Criticism 2.1 John Masefield 2.1.1Sea fever 3.1 William Ernest Henley 3.1.1 Invictus 4.1 Alfred Noyes 4.1.1 Highwayman 5.1 Rudyard Kipling 5.1.1 If 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  English Literature refers to the study of texts from around the world, written in the English language. By studying a degree in English Literature, you will learn how to analyze a multitude of texts and write clearly using several different styles. Generally, literature refers to different types of text including novels, non-fiction, poetry, and plays, among other forms. However, literature is a contested term, as new mediums for communication provide different types of contemporary literature. Literature is generally defined as writing with artistic merit. However, other types of text such as screenplays, nonfiction, song lyrics, and communication through other means, could now be considered literature under the contemporary understanding of the term. An English Literature major will likely examine texts including poetry, drama, and prose fiction, perhaps briefly covering more contested forms of literature in their chosen path. A survey of English literature course or test will most likely begin with the oral traditions of Old and Middle English. The most popular is the epic poem "Beowulf." Although there are numerous written versions of the work, it was originally a spoken poem passed through generations of early inhabitants of England called Anglo-Saxons. The poem is a series of adventure tales about a people called the Geats and an embattled hero named Beowulf. Next, most courses move onto "The Canterbury Tales," which helped English to gain credibility as a literary language in a culture where educated people wrote mainly in Latin. Written by Geoffrey Chaucer, the "Tales" is another series of stories told by different narrators that offers a snapshot of late medieval cultural diversity. Perhaps the most surprising thing about these early British works is their graphic content and crude sexual content. Its primary purpose is to provide learners with a foundation of skills necessary for the reading of literature, those skills that will be more fully developed along the content of this course. It helps to identify the explanations of drama, novel, poetry and Introduces learners to the basic literary terms that are required for understanding a piece of literature. This module also develops the taste for appreciating literature and differentiates between the general background of diverse literary movements beginning with Old English, moving through other literary phases and ending with Modern English Literature as well as to categorize the social, historical and cultural background of the different periods or ages in literature. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 LESSON 1: OLD ENGLIS ENGLISHH The Anglo-Saxons formed the basis of English culture, religion, and language and ruled England for 600 years. The term Anglo-Saxon refers to a group of settlers from the German regions of Angels and Saxony who took over England after the fall of the Roman Empire. The Anglo-Saxons first introduced Old English literature in the fifth century. We refer to the years between 450 and 1066 as the the Old English or Anglo-Saxon period. The Old English language, or Anglo-Saxon, is the foundation of Modern English, although if untrained Modern English speakers could hear someone speaking Old English, they would not be able to understand it. When the Anglo-Saxons first came to England from northern Germany (Saxony) in the fifth and sixth centuries, they brought their language with them. It is a Germanic language and has some fundamental similarities to Modern German. The most important influence upon the language was the Norman Conquest of 1066, when William the Conqueror, a prince of Normandy (a part of France) conquered England. William made French the official language of the aristocracy and the law courts. Anglo-Norman French was an elite language, and the common people did not necessarily learn it as children, but it was the official language of the nation. Despite Latin being the official language used to produce literature, Old English became popular due to its use by Anglo-Saxons and other tribes. Hence, there were many works that were produced in Old English as well during the Anglo-Saxon period in literature. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  A. EPIC POETRY A.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF EPIC POETRY 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 A.2 BEOWULF 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Note: Read the full text of Beowulf on this link: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/16328/16328-h/16328-h.htm ACTIVITY 1 Directions: Based on “Beowulf”, what are the characteristics possessed by a hero? Complete the diagram below. Add 3 more circles for your answers. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 ACTIVITY 2 Activity 3 Directions: Based on “Beowulf”, complete the following ideas on TRAITS, ROLE IN EPIC and their EFFECT ON PROTAGONIST. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 LESSON 2: MI MIDDLE DDLE ENGLISH A. GEOFFREY CHAUCER  In 1357 he became a public servant to countess Elizabeth of ulster and continued in that capacity with the British court throughout his lifetime.  The Canterbury tales became his best known and most acclaimed work. A.1 The Canterbury Tales made up of only 24 Tales and rather abruptly ends before its characters even make it to Canterbury. Theseus, duke of Athens, imprisons Arcite and Palamon, two knights from Thebes (another city in ancient Greece). From their prison, the knights see and fall in love with Theseus’s sister-in-law, Emelye. Through the intervention of a friend, Arcite is freed, but he is banished from Athens. He returns in disguise and becomes a page in Emelye’s chamber. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  Palamon escapes from prison, and the two meet and fight over Emelye. Theseus apprehends them and arranges a tournament between the two knights and their allies, with Emelye as the prize. Arcite wins, but he is accidentally thrown from his horse and dies. Palamon then marries Emelye. The Host asks the Monk to tell the next tale, but the drunken Miller interrupts and insists that his tale should be the next. He tells the story of an impoverished student named Nicholas, who persuades his landlord’s sexy young wife, Alisoun, to spend the night with him. He convinces his landlord, a carpenter named John, that the second flood is coming, and tricks him into spending the night in a tub hanging from the ceiling of his barn. Absolon, a young parish clerk who is also in love with Alisoun, appears outside the window of the room where Nicholas and Alisoun lie together. When Absolon begs Alisoun for a kiss, she sticks her rear end out the window in the dark and lets him kiss it. Absolon runs and gets a red-hot poker, returns to the window, and asks for another kiss; when Nicholas sticks his bottom out the window and farts, Absolon brands him on the buttocks. Nicholas’s cries for water make the carpenter think that the flood has come, so the carpenter cuts the rope connecting his tub to the ceiling, falls down, and breaks his arm. Because he also does carpentry, the Reeve takes offense at the Miller’s tale of a stupid carpenter, and counters with his own tale of a dishonest miller. The Reeve tells the story of two students, John and Alayn, who go to the mill to watch the miller grind their corn, so that he won’t have a chance to steal any. But the miller unties their horse, and while they chase it, he steals 0 0 some of the flour he has just ground for them. By the time the students catch the horse, it is dark, so they spend the night in the miller’s house. That night, Alayn || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 seduces the miller’s daughter, and John seduces his wife. When the miller wakes up and finds out what has happened, he tries to beat the students. His wife, thinking that her husband is actually one of the students, hits the miller over the head with a staff. The students take back their stolen goods and leave. THE CO COOK'S OK'S PROLOGU PROLOGUE E AND TALE The Cook particularly enjoys the Reeve’s Tale, and offers to tell another funny tale. The tale concerns an apprentice named Perkyn who drinks and dances so much that he is called “Perkyn Reveler.” Finally, Perkyn’s master decides that he would rather his apprentice leave to revel than stay home and corrupt the other servants. Perkyn arranges to stay with a friend who loves drinking and gambling, and who has a wife who is a prostitute. The tale breaks off, unfinished, after fifty-eight lines. THE MANS OF LAW'S IN INTRODUCTION, TRODUCTION, PROLOGUE, TALE, AND EPILO EPILOGUE GUE The Host reminds his fellow In the tale, the pilgrims to waste no time, because Muslim sultan of Syria converts his lost time cannot be regained. He entire sultanate (including himself) asks the Man of Law to tell the to Christianity in order to persuade next tale. The Man of Law agrees, the emperor of Rome to give him apologizing that he cannot tell any his daughter, Custance, in suitable tale that Chaucer has not marriage. The sultan’s mother and already told—Chaucer may be her attendants remain secretly unskilled as a poet, says the Man faithful to Islam. The mother tells of Law, but he has told more her son she wishes to hold a stories of lovers than Ovid, and he banquet for him and all the doesn’t print tales of incest as Christians. At the banquet, she John Gower does (Gower was a massacres her son and all the contemporary of Chaucer). In the Christians except for Custance, Prologue to his tale, the Man of whom she sets adrift in a Law laments the miseries of rudderless ship. After years of poverty. He then remarks how floating, Custance runs ashore in fortunate m 0 0 Northumberland, where a constable and his wife, || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Hermengyld, offer her shelter. She claims that the child should be converts them to Christianity. kept and loved no matter how Merchants are, and says that his malformed. Donegild substitutes a tale is one told to him by a letter saying that Custance and merchant. her son are banished and should be sent away on the same ship on One night, Satan which Custance arrived. Alla makes a young knight sneak into returns home, finds out what has Hermengyld’s chamber and happened, and kills Donegild.ers murder Hermengyld. He places the convert to Christianity, and bloody knife next to Custance, Custance and Alla marry. who sleeps in the same chamber. When the constable returns home, After many accompanied by Alla, the king of adventures at sea, including an Northumberland, he finds his slain attempted rape, Custance ends up wife. He tells Alla the story of how back in Rome, where she reunites Custance was found, and Alla with Alla, who has made a begins to pity the girl. He decides pilgrimage there to atone for to look more deeply into the killing his mother. She also murder. Just as the knight who reunites with her father, the murdered Hermengyld is swearing emperor. Alla and Custance return that Custance is the true to England, but Alla dies after a murderer, he is struck down and year, so Custance returns, once his eyes burst out of his face, more, to Rome. Mauricius proving his guilt to Alla and the becomes the next Roman crowd. The knight is executed, emperor. Alla and many oth while Alla is Following the Man of away in Scotland, Custance gives Law’s Tale, the Host asks the birth to a boy named Mauricius. Parson to tell the next tale, but Alla’s mother, Donegild, intercepts the Parson reproaches him for a letter from Custance to Alla and swearing, and they fall to substitutes a counterfeit one that bickering. claims that the child is disfigured and bewitched. She then intercepts Alla’s reply, which 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 THE WIFE OF BATH'S P PRO ROLOGUE AND ROLOGUE TALE The Wife of Bath gives a lengthy account of her feelings about marriage. Quoting from the Bible, the Wife argues against those who believe it is wrong to marry more than once, and she explains how she dominated and controlled each of her five husbands. She married her fifth husband, Jankyn, for love instead of money. After the Wife has rambled on for a while, the Friar butts in to complain that she is taking too long, and the Summoner retorts that friars are like flies, always meddling. The Friar promises to tell a tale about a summoner, and the Summoner promises to tell a tale about a friar. The Host cries for everyone to quiet down and allow the Wife to commence her tale. In her tale, a young knight of King Arthur’s court rapes a maiden; to atone for his crime, Arthur’s queen sends him on a quest to discover what women want most. An ugly old woman promises the knight that she will tell him the secret if he promises to do whatever she wants for saving his life. He agrees, and she tells him women want control of their husbands and their own lives. They go together to Arthur’s queen, and the old woman’s answer turns out to be correct. The old woman then tells the knight that he must marry her. When the knight confesses later that he is repulsed by her appearance, she gives him a choice: she can either be ugly and faithful, or beautiful and unfaithful. The knight tells her to make the choice herself, and she rewards him for giving her control of the marriage by rendering herself both beautiful and faithful. THE FRIAR'S PROLOGUE AND T TAL AL ALE E The Friar speaks approvingly of the Wife of Bath’s Tale, and offers to lighten things up for the company by telling a funny story about a lecherous summoner. The Summoner does not object, but he promises to pay the Friar back in his own tale. The Friar tells of an archdeacon who carries out the law without mercy, 0 especially to lechers. The archdeacon 0 a summoner who has a network of has spies working for him, to let him know who has been lecherous. The summoner || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  extorts money from those he’s sent to summon, charging them more money than he should for penance. He tries to serve a summons on a yeoman who is actually a devil in disguise. After comparing notes on their treachery and extortion, the devil vanishes, but when the summoner tries to prosecute an old wealthy widow unfairly, the widow cries out that the summoner should be taken to hell. The devil follows the woman’s instructions and drags the summoner off to hell. The Summoner, furious at the Friar’s Tale, asks the company to let him tell the next tale. First, he tells the company that there is little difference between friars and fiends, and that when an angel took a friar down to hell to show him the torments there, the friar asked why there were no friars in hell; the angel then pulled up Satan’s tail and 20,000 friars came out of his ass. In the Summoner’s Tale, a friar begs for money from a dying man named Thomas and his wife, who have recently lost their child. The friar shamelessly exploits the couple’s misfortunes to extract money from them, so Thomas tells the friar that he is sitting on something that he will bequeath to the friars. The friar reaches for his bequest, and Thomas lets out an enormous fart. The friar complains to the lord of the manor, whose squire promises to divide the fart evenly among all the friars. The Host asks the Clerk to cheer up and tell a merry tale, and the Clerk agrees to tell a tale by the Italian poet Petrarch. Griselde is a hardworking peasant who marries into the aristocracy. Her husband tests her fortitude in several ways, including pretending to kill her children and divorcing her. He punishes her one final time by forcing her to prepare for his wedding to a new wife. She does all this dutifully, her husband tells her that she has always been and will always be his wife (the divorce was a fraud), and they live happily ever after. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  The Merchant reflects on the great difference between the patient Griselde of the Clerk’s Tale and the horrible shrew he has been married to for the past two months. The Host asks him to tell a story of the evils of marriage, and he complies. Against the advice of his friends, an old knight named January marries May, a beautiful young woman. She is less than impressed by his enthusiastic sexual efforts, and conspires to cheat on him with his squire, Damien. When blind January takes May into his garden to copulate with her, she tells him she wants to eat a pear, and he helps her up into the pear tree, where she has sex with Damien. Pluto, the king of the faeries, restores January’s sight, but May, caught in the act, assures him that he must still be blind. The Host prays to God to keep him from marrying a wife like the one the Merchant describes. The Host calls upon the Squire to say something about his favorite subject, love, and the Squire willingly complies. King Cambyuskan of the Mongol Empire is visited on his birthday by a knight bearing gifts from the king of Arabia and India. He gives Cambyuskan and his daughter Canacee a magic brass horse, a magic mirror, a magic ring that gives Canacee the ability to understand the language of birds, and a sword with the power to cure any wound it creates. She rescues a dying female falcon that narrates how her consort abandoned her for the love of another. The Squire’s Tale is either unfinished by Chaucer or is meant to be interrupted by the Franklin, who interjects that he wishes his own son were as eloquent as the Squire. The Host expresses annoyance at the Franklin’s interruption, and orders him to begin the next tale. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  The Franklin says that his tale is a familiar Breton lay, a folk ballad of ancient Brittany. Dorigen, the heroine, awaits the return of her husband, Arveragus, who has gone to England to win honor in feats of arms. She worries that the ship bringing her husband home will wreck itself on the coastal rocks, and she promises Aurelius, a young man who falls in love with her, that she will give her body to him if he clears the rocks from the coast. Aurelius hires a student learned in magic to create the illusion that the rocks have disappeared. Arveragus returns home and tells his wife that she must keep her promise to Aurelius. Aurelius is so impressed by Arveragus’s honorable act that he generously absolves her of the promise, and the magician, in turn, generously absolves Aurelius of the money he owes. Appius the judge lusts after Virginia, the beautiful daughter of Virginius. Appius persuades a churl named Claudius to declare her his slave, stolen from him by Virginius. Appius declares that Virginius must hand over his daughter to Claudius. Virginius tells his daughter that she must die rather than suffer dishonor, and she virtuously consents to her father’s cutting her head off. Appius sentences Virginius to death, but the Roman people, aware of Appius’s hijinks, throw him into prison, where he kills himself. The Host is dismayed by the tragic injustice of the Physician’s Tale, and asks the Pardoner to tell something merry. The other pilgrimscontradict the Host, demanding a moral tale, which the Pardoner agrees to tell after he eatsand drinks. The Pardoner tells the company howhe cheats people out of their money by preaching that money isthe root of all evil. His tale describes three riotous youths whogo looking for Death, thinking that they can kill him. An old man tells themthat they will find Death under a tree. Instead, they find eight 0 town under bushelsof gold, which they plot to sneak into 0 cover of darkness. The youngest goesinto town to fetch food and drink, but bringsback poison, hoping to have the gold all to himself. His || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 companions kill himto enrich their own shares, then drink the poison and die under the tree. His tale complete, the Pardoner offers to sell the pilgrims pardons, and singlesout the Host to come kiss his relics. The Host infuriatesthe Pardoner by accusing himof fraud, but the Knight persuades the two to kiss and bury their differences. The Shipman’s Tale features a monk who tricks a merchant’s wife into having sex with him by borrowing money from the merchant, then giving it to the wife so she can repay her own debt to her husband, in exchange for sexual favors. When the monk sees the merchant next, he tells him that he returned the merchant’s money to his wife. The wife realizes she has been duped, but she boldly tells her husband to forgive her debt: she will repay it in bed. The Host praises the Shipman’s story, and asks the Prioress for a tale. The Prioress calls on the Virgin Mary to guide her tale. In an Asian city, a Christian school is located at the edge of a Jewish ghetto. An angelic seven-year-old boy, a widow’s son, attends the school. He is a devout Christian, and loves to sing Alma Redemptoris (Gracious Mother of the Redeemer). Singing the song on his way through the ghetto, some Jews hire a murderer to slit his throat and throw him into a latrine. The Jews refuse to tell the widow where her son is, but he miraculously begins to sing Alma Redemptoris, so the Christian people recover his body, and the magistrate orders the murdering Jews to be drawn apart by wild horses and then hanged. The Host, after teasing Chaucer the narrator about his appearance, asks him to tell a tale. Chaucer says that he only knows one tale, then launches into a parody of bad poetry—the Tale of Sir Thopas. Sir Thopas 0 to marry0 until he is confronted by a giant. rides about looking for an elf-queen The narrator’s doggerel continues in this vein until the Host can bear no more || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 and interrupts him. Chaucer asks him why he can’t tell his tale, since it is the best he knows, and the Host explains that his rhyme isn’t worth a turd. He encourages Chaucer to tell a prose tal e. Chaucer’s second tale is the long, moral prose story of Melibee. Melibee’s house is raided by his foes, who beat his wife, Prudence, and severely wound his daughter, Sophie, in her feet, hands, ears, nose, and mouth. Prudence advises him not to rashly pursue vengeance on his enemies, and he follows her advice, putting his foes’ punishment in her hands. She forgives them for the outrages done to her, in a model of Christian forbearance and forgiveness. The Host wishes that his own wife were as patient as Melibee’s, and calls upon the Monk to tell the next tale. First he teases the Monk, pointing out that the Monk is clearly no poor cloisterer. The Monk takes it all in stride and tells a series of tragic falls, in which noble figures are brought low: Lucifer, Adam, Sampson, Hercules, Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, Zenobia, Pedro of Castile, and down through the ages. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 After seventeen noble “falls” narrated by the Monk, the Knight interrupts, and the Host calls upon the Nun’s Priest to deliver something more lively. The Nun’s Priest tells of Chanticleer the Rooster, who is carried off by a flattering fox who tricks him into closing his eyes and displaying his crowing abilities. Chanticleer turns the tables on the fox by persuading him to open his mouth and brag to the barnyard about his feat, upon which Chanticleer falls out of the fox’s mouth and escapes. The Host praises the Nun’s Priest’s Tale, adding that if the Nun’s Priest were not in holy orders, he would be as sexually potent as Chanticleer. In her Prologue, the Second Nun explains that she will tell a saint’s life, that of Saint Cecilia, for this saint set an excellent example through her good works and wise teachings. She focuses particularly on the story of Saint Cecilia’s martyrdom. Before Cecilia’s new husband, Valerian, can take her virginity, she sends him on a pilgrimage to Pope Urban, who converts him to Christianity. An angel visits Valerian, who asks that his brother Tiburce be granted the grace of Christian conversion as well. All three—Cecilia, Tiburce, and Valerian —are put to death by the Romans. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  When the Second Nun’s Tale is finished, the company is overtaken by a black-clad Canon and his Yeoman, who have heard of the pilgrims and their tales and wish to participate. The Yeoman brags to the company about how he and the Canon create the illusion that they are alchemists, and the Canon departs in shame at having his secrets discovered. The Yeoman tells a tale of how a canon defrauded a priest by creating the illusion of alchemy using sleight of hand. The Host pokes fun at the Cook, riding at the back of the company, blind drunk. The Cook is unable to honor the Host’s request that he tell a tale, and the Manciple criticizes him for his drunkenness. The Manciple relates the legend of a white crow, taken from the Roman poet Ovid’s Metamorphoses and one of the tales in The Arabian Nights. In it, Phoebus’s talking white crow informs him that his wife is cheating on him. Phoebus kills the wife, pulls out the crow’s white feathers, and curses it with blackness. As the company enters a village in the late afternoon, the Host calls upon the Parson to give them a fable. Refusing to tell a fictional story because it would go against the rule set by St. Paul, the Parson delivers a lengthy treatise on the Seven Deadly Sins, instead. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Activity 4 Directions: Answer the character map below. Use the Wife of Bath as example. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Activity 5 Journal Entries The narrator writes that many pilgrims enjoyed the Knight’s Tale, but the Miller rudely interrupts to tell his own story. Your task here is to write a journal entry as a pilgrim in The Canterbury Tales. Rewrite what happens in “The Miller’s Prologue” from your own point of view, commenting on your own opinion of the Miller and also the other characters’ reactions. You may choose to express positive or negative feelings towards the Miller, but you cannot add major events which are not already in the text. Your entry should include references to: Your own occupation (use TEACHER as occupation) Your personal opinion about the Knight’s Tale Your opinion about the Miller’s response Your observations on how others are responding to the Miller, and whether or not you agree with them. We have provided a sample beginning for your journal entry; feel free to use it or start your own. Use the example below as your basis of your introduction. The Knight had just finished telling his sad but wonderful story, when all of a sudden this rude man interrupted! I was shocked—I would never think of doing that, as I have been brought up to be very courtly and polite. Activity 6 Emailing You are close friends with the Wife of Bath, who has just sent you an excerpt from her Prologue to explain some of her life events. You want to email her back with your reaction. You should be reacting to it as if this were a true story your friend has told you. Compose an email to the Wife of Bath, telling her what you think of her history. Include your opinion of her husband’s book and how you felt about these stories. Express how you might feel if someone close to you told you this same story, and offer words of encouragement if needed. The purpose of the email should be to reflect upon the story, rather than just summarize what you read. 0 0 Remember, this is in email form, so it does not have to be extremely formal. || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Activity 7 Advertising Copy In this story, the characters are complaining about the monk’s tale and asking for a different kind of story. Imagine that they have asked you, the host, to find them additional storytellers to join their group, after being disappointed in the monk. Write a long and detailed Help Wanted Ad describing what kind of storyteller you are looking for. Use clues for the text in this story, but you may also add your own priorities and desires as well —what kind of story do you want to see next? considering what you think will keep your interest as a reader. Your ad should not be like most employment ads in the paper today, which are filled with abbreviations and other shorthand to make the ad fit into a small space in the paper. Instead, you should make your ad a comprehensive overview of what the job entails, so prospective employees would know exactly what the employer is looking for and what they could expect on the job. We have provided a brief sample one for you, based on a prospective employee who might be similar to the author of “The Knight’s Tale.” Example: STORYTELLER WANTED – must be highly experienced in the language of courtly love, well- travelled, and detail-oriented. Must be able to identify with characters in own story. War experience is preferred and qualities of humility and honor are required. This is an exceptional opportunity for someone who wishes to tell stories with a moral or didactic ending. Great support system and feedback will be provided for the employee. We offer a competitive salary and benefits package, with promotion opportunities. You’ll make a good living, while making journeys enjoyable for others. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  B. SIR THOMAS MALORY King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table The Emblem of the Knights The emblem of the Knights of the Round Table worn round the necks of all the Knights was given to them by King Arthur as part of the ceremony of their being made a knight. The Order's dominant idea was the love of God, men, and noble deeds. The cross in the emblem was to remind them that they were to live pure and stainless lives, to stive after perfection and thus attain the Holy Grail. The Red Dragon of King Arthur represented their allegiance to the King. The Round Table was illustrative of the Eternity of God, the equality, unity, and comradeship of the Order, and singleness of purpose of all the Knights. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 KING ARTHUR King Arthur is the figure at the heart of the Arthurian legends. He is said to be the son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine of Cornwall. Arthur is a near mythic figure in Celtic stories such as Culhwch and Olwen. In early Latin chronicles he is presented as a military leader, the dux bellorum. In later romance he is presented as a king and emperor. The Excalibur The Holy Grail CHARACTER LIST Uther Pendragon The mightiest of all English kings. Uther is the father of King Arthur as well as three daughters. Igrayne The wife of the Duke of Cornwall. Uther Pendragon seduces and later marries her. She is the mother of King Arthur. Guinevere Arthur's wife and Launcelot's lover. Guinevere encourages moral and chivalrous behavior from the knights, and she dearly loves and is loved by both Arthur and Launcelot. Laudegreaunce Guinevere's father, who gives Arthur the Round Table. Merlin Arthur's adviser, prophet and magician Lot A king married to one of Uther Pendragon's daughters. Arthur seduces Lot's wife, not knowing that she is Arthur's own sister, and they are the parents of Mordred. King Lot is one of the eleven kings who are hostile to Arthur; he is slain by Pellanor. Mordred Arthur's son by his sister, Lot's wife. Merlin prophesies that Mordred will destroy Arthur; they kill each other in a battle for the throne of England. Mordred is half-brother to Gawain, Gareth, Gaheris, and Aggravain. Laucelot du Lake Ban's son, who is considered the greatest knight in the world and remains devoted to Guinevere throughout his life. Because of his deep friendship with Tristam, Launcelot gives Tristam his castle, Joyous Gard, so that Tristam can live there with Isode in peace. Launcelot is later tricked into sleeping with Elayne, who bears his son, Galahad, the celebrated knight who succeeds in the Grail Quest. As a result of his affair, Guinevere banishes Launcelot from Camelot, and he goes half-mad with grief. Elayne arranges for his healing by the Grail, and Launcelot is welcomed back to Camelot. Elayne Pellas' daughter who bears Launcelot's son, Galahad. Galahad Elayne's and Launcelot's son. Galahad fills the Sege Perilous, the seat at the Round Table that no man has been worthy enough to fill. He also pulls the sword from the floating stone, thus gaining the title of the best knight in the world but also accepting the sword's curse that it will later cause a grievous wound. Galahad is the knight who achieves the Grail Quest. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Morgan le Fay Uther Pendragon's third daughter; she later marries King Uriens. She tries to kill Arthur so that her lover, Accolon, can be king. Accolon Morgan le Fay's lover. Ector The knight who raised Arthur until the boy pulled the sword from the stone and claimed his right to the throne. Ector goes on the Grail Quest but fails. Kay Sir Ector's son. He is knighted by Arthur and later goes with Arthur on a pilgrimage to St. Michael's Mount. Ban and Bors Two kings from overseas who are loyal to Arthur. Bors goes on the Grail Quest and assists Galahad. The Lady of the Lake The woman who gives Arthur his new sword, after he loses it in a fight with Pellanor. It belonged to her lover, who was killed his own brother. She then takes the sword to Lady Lyle of Avilon, who misused it. Lady Lyle of Avilon A woman who wears a sword and scabbard at all times; she searches for the best and hardiest man in the kingdom to pull it out. Sir Balyn is that man. Balyn He pulls out the Lady of Avilon's sword, and then beheads the Lady of the Lake, who killed his mother. This act loses Arthur's respect for Balyn. He kills Launceor and Launceor's lady, and he kills Garlon. He is also called The Knight of the Two Swords, and he both kills and is killed by his brother, Balan. Balan Sir Balyn's brother. Launceor of Ireland One of Arthur's knights; he sets out after Balyn to avenge the Lady of the Lake's death, but is killed by him, instead. Lady of Astalot A maiden in love with Launcelot; he wears her token of love on his sleeve because he is trying to disguise himself. She dies of grief when Launcelot leaves her. Lavine The brother of the Lady of Astalot; he fights on Launcelot's side. Urry A knight who is healed from his wounds by Launcelot; Urry pledges his devotion to Launcelot. Melliagaunce A knight who lusts after Guinevere and kidnaps her. He is later killed by Launcelot. Lucan and Bedivere The last two knights left standing with Arthur in his battle against Mordred. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  After Uther Pendragon's death, the wizard Merlin forms a stone and in it a sword. On this sword it is written that anyone who can pull it out of the stone will become the new King of England. After many years, the young Arthur, secretly the son of Uther Pendragon, pulls the sword out of the stone and becomes King. Together with Merlin, he constructs a round table, at which only the best knights of England may sit. More and more knights come to join the brotherhood of the Round Table, and each has his own adventures. Eventually, the holy knight Galahad, the son of Sir Lancelot, comes to Arthur's court. With his coming, all the knights ride throughout Europe in search of the Holy Grail of Jesus Christ. Only four knights see the Grail: Sir Lancelot, Sir Percival, Sir Bors de Gaunnes, and Sir Galahad. After the Grail is found, the last battle of the Knights of the Round Table is fought. In this battle many knights die, and with them King Arthur, Sir Gawain, who is Arthur's nephew, and Mordred, the wicked son of King Arthur, and his half-sister Morgana le Fay. King Arthur is taken away to Avalon, a secret island after he is terribly wounded by Mordred while he was making the final stab with his sword to kill Mordred. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0  CRITICAL OVERVIEW From the time Le Morte d'Arthur was published in 1485 by Caxton, it was a popular success. During the fifteenth century, other forms of the Arthurian legend, such as the French romances, were already experiencing a surge in popularity. Malory took the legends centering on King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table and created the first complete chronicle of an English "king" written in the English tongue. In "Caxton's Preface," Caxton suggests that Malory's text served the function of presenting English readers with a story of Arthur in their native tongue that rivaled those legends written by the French. Moreover, Caxton promoted Le Morte d'Arthur as a national epic whose intent was "that noble men may see and learn the noble acts of chivalry." Certainly the story intrigued its contemporaries and was widely read; in fact, as Cooper notes in her introduction, Malory's book was reprinted numerous times, and even when other versions of the legend ceased to be reprinted Malory's survived. King Arthur: Fact or Fiction Although Malory's work is clearly fictional in its details, there is some debate over whether or not King Arthur actually existed. He is first mentioned in Welsh poems from the sixth century, though these offer nothing specific regarding his accomplishments. In the ninth century, he is mentioned in a collection of Welsh history, but is not yet referred to as a king. In the twelfth century, Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote History of the Kings of Britain, a popular text that included Arthur among its list of noble rulers. At the same time, French writers began documenting their own versions of traditional tales of Arthur. Some scholars argue that the legend of Arthur is based on an actual Welsh chieftain. Some believe the legend has its origins in a second-century Roman general named Lucius Artorius Castus. Still others believe that he is entirely the creation of bards and storytellers. No significant evidence has yet been found to favor any one theory over the others, and it is unlikely that the true source of the legend will ever be known for certain. Note: Please do further reading on this link: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1251/1251-h/1251-h.htm 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Activity 8 COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS: 1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a social system built on loyalty, honor, and trust. 2. What qualities did King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table possess that would still make them heroes today? 3. Explain what you think is the meaning of the statement that the Arthurian legend is "psychological archeology". 4. Discuss the ways in which Le Morte d'Arthur is a very moral tale. 5. What dimension does the Holy Grail story line add to the legend of King Arthur? 6. What are the major themes of Le Morte d'Arthur? 7. Why is Sir Thomas Malory's masterpiece Le Morte d'Arthur of major importance to literary history? 8. What were the requirements of the Arthurian warrior? 9. What was the dual nature of the men and women in Malory's tale? 10. What theme does the character of Merlin embody? 11. How does the ending of Le Morte d'Arthur keep hope alive? 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 c.B ALLADS 0 0 0 0  It has no single author, A verbal rather; It sort of was the poetry It has which product of no underwen many t written reasonabl poets. e changes form. over time. Time cannot The change texts poet is of the literary the legal ballad as it is owner preserved in of his hard and soft copies. They are more ballad. 0 0 and polished lengthy. || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 C.1 Get Up and Bar the D Door oor It fell about the Martinmas time, And a gay time it was then, Then by there came two gentlemen, When our goodwife got puddings to make, At twelve o’clock at night, And she’s boild them in the pan. And they could neither see house nor hall, Nor coal nor candle-light. The wind sae cauld blew south and north, “Now whether is this a rich man’s house, And blew into the floor; Or whether is it a poor?” Quoth our goodman to our goodwife, But ne’er a word wad ane o’ them speak, “Gae out and bar the door.” For barring of the door. “My hand is in my hussyfskap, And first they ate the white puddings, Goodman, as ye may see; And then they ate the black; An it should nae be barrd this hundred year, Tho muckle thought the goodwife to hersel, It’s no be barrd for me.” Yet ne’er a word she spake. They made a paction tween them twa, Then said the one unto the other, They made it firm and sure, “Here, man, tak ye my knife; That the first word whae’er should speak, Do ye tak aff the auld man’s beard, Should rise and bar the door. 0 0 And I’ll kiss the goodwife.” || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 “But there’s nae water in the house, “Will ye kiss my wife before my een, And what shall we do than?” And scad me wi’ pudding-bree?” “What ails ye at the pudding-broo, Then up and started our goodwife, That boils into the pan?” Gied three skips on the floor: “Goodman, you’ve spoken the foremost O up then started our goodman, word, An angry man was he: Get up and bar the door.” Activity 9 Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write your answer on your composition notebook. 1. What was the goodwife busy doing that she wanted her husband to get up and bar the door? a. doing her nails b. in the shower c. cooking/doing chores d. taking care of son 2. What pact did they make? a. first one to get up has to bar the door b. first one to kiss the other has to bar the door c. they did not create a pact d. first one to talk has to get up and bar the door 3. What did the robbers want to do to the husband? a. shave him b. kiss him c. kill him d. strip him 4. What did they want to do to the wife? a. shave her b. kiss her c. kill her d. strip her 5. Who talked first? a. Wife b. Husband c. robber #1 d. robber #2 6. What is the lesson? a. don't be lazy b. always get up and bar the door c. listen to yo ur wife d. don't listen to your wife 7. The final stanza of "Get Up and Bar the Door" - a. reveals the narrator's relation to the couple b. provides a comic twist to the story 0 c. serves the intruders their comeuppance 0 d. describes the husband's tragic downfall || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 8. What word best describes the two intruders' behavior toward the couple? a. Friendly b. Loyal c. Honest d. Threatening 9. The two intruders have come because - a. they have a long-standing feud with the couple b. the couple are known far and wide for their hospitality c. they are traveling and need a place to stay for the night d. they are at war and need to take over the house 10. The intruders into the couple's house are two - a. Kings b. members of the gentry, or landowning class c. escaped convicts d. serfs from the neighboring manor 11. "Get Up and Bar the Door" - a. illustrates the rituals of courtly love b. shows the importance of holiday puddings in the Middle Ages c. pokes fun at the absurd bickering of a husband and wife d. condemns bandits who prey on simple folk 12. All of the following elements are typical characteristics of ballads except - a. sensational or supernatural events b. tragic subject matter c. omission of details d. mixed metaphors 13. How is "Get Up and Bar the Door" not a typical ballad? a. It is comic. b. The characters are not superhuman. c. It is set in England. d. Characters' motives are not spelled out. 14. A ballad is organized into stanzas called a. Couplets b. iambic pentameter c. quatrains d. tetrameter 15. All of the following are themes of ballads EXCEPT a. Revenge b. unrequited love c. living happily ever after d. jealous sweethearts 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 C.2 Ro Robinh binhood an binhood d the Three Squir and Squires es 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) There are twelve months in all the Nor have they robbed any virgin, year, Nor with other men’s wives have lain.” As I hear many men say, But the merriest month in all the year “O what have they done?” said bold Is the merry month of May. Robin Hood, “I pray thee tell to me.” Now Robin Hood is to Nottingham “It’s for slaying of the king’s fallow gone, deer, With a link-a-down and a-day, Bearing their longbows with thee.” And there he met a silly old woman, “Dost thou not mind, old woman,” he said, Was weeping on the way. “Since thou made me sup and dine? “What news? what news, thou silly old woman? By the truth of my body,” quoth bold Robin Hood, What news hast thou for me?” “You could not tell it in better time.” Said she, “There’s three squires in Nottingham town, Today is condemned to dee. Now Robin Hood is to Nottingham gone, “O have they parishes burnt?” With a link-a-down and a-day, he said, “Or have they ministers slain? And there he met with a silly old Or have they robbed any virgin, palmer, Or with other men’s wives have lain?” Was walking along the highway. “They have no parishes burnt, good “What news? what news, thou silly old sir,” man? Nor yet have ministers slain, What news, I do thee pray?” || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Said he, “Three squires in Nottingham It shall make thee come down.” town Are condemned to die this day.” Then he put on the old man’s cloak, Was patched black, blue, and red: “Come change thine apparel with me, old man, He thought it no shame all the day long Come change thine apparel for mine. To wear the bags of bread. Here is forty shillings in good silver, Go drink it in beer or wine.” Then he put on the old man’s breeks, Was patched from ballup to side: “O thine apparel is good,” he said, “By the truth of my body,” bold Robin “And mine is ragged and torn. can say, Wherever you go, wherever you ride, “This man loved little pride.” Laugh ne’er an old man to scorn.” Then he put on the old man’s hose, “Come change thine apparel with me, Were patched from knee to wrist: old churl, “By the truth of my body,” said bold Come change thine apparel with mine: Robin Hood, Here are twenty pieces of good broad “I’d laugh if I had any list.” gold, Go feast thy brethren with wine.” Then he put on the old man’s shoes, Were patched both beneath and Then he put on the old man’s hat, aboon: It stood full high on the crown: Then Robin Hood swore a solemn oath, “The first bold bargain that I come at, || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 “It’s good habit that makes a man.” “By the truth of my body,” the sheriff he said, “That’s well jumped, thou nimble old Now Robin Hood is to Nottingham man.” gone, With a link-a-down and a-down, “I was ne’er a hangman in all my life, And there he met with the proud sheriff, Nor yet intends to trade. Was walking along the town. But cursed be he,” said bold Robin, “That first a hangman was made. “O Christ you save, O sheriff,” he said, “O Christ you save and see: “I’ve a bag for meal, and a bag for malt, And what will you give to a silly old man And a bag for barley and corn, Today will your hangman be?” A bag for bread, and a bag for beef, And a bag for my little small horn. “Some suits, some suits,” the sheriff he said, “I have a horn in my pocket: “Some suits I’ll give to thee; I got it from Robin Hood; Some suits, some suits, and pence And still when I set it to my mouth, thirteen, Today’s a hangman’s fee.” For thee it blows little good.” “O wind thy horn, thou proud fellow: Then Robin he turns him round about, And jumps from stock to stone: Of thee I have no doubt; I wish that thou give such a blast || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Till both thy eyes fall out.” The first loud blast that he did blow, He blew both loud and shrill, A hundred and fifty of Robin Hood’s men Came riding over the hill. The next loud blast that he did give, He blew both loud and amain, And quickly sixty of Robin Hood’s men Came shining over the plain. “O who are those,” the sheriff he said, “Come tripping over the lea?” “They’re my attendants,” brave Robin did say, “They’ll pay a visit to thee.” They took the gallows from the slack, They set it in the glen; They hanged the proud sheriff on that, Released their own three men. || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Activity 10 Directions: Answer the following tasks. 1. What specific steps does Robin Hood take to rescue the three squires from execution? Elaborate. 2. Many words have more than one definition. For example, meal can mean “food served at a certain time of day” or “ground grain.” What does it mean in line 89? What is Robin Hood doing as he speaks lines 89–91? 3. As what you have learned on our previous subjects on repetition and rhyme, identify patterns of repetition and rhyme in lines 33–48. In what ways do these sound devices help you understand Robin’s exchange with the old man? 4. Describe the subject matter of “Robinhood and the Three Squires ”. Which aspects of the ballad would most likely appeal to an audience of common people? Explain your opinion. 5. Paraphrase lines 21–24. Why have the three squires been condemned to die? C.3 Lord Ra Rand nd ndal al ‘O where ha’ you been, Lord Randal, my bed soon, son? For I’m wearied wi’ hunting, and fain And where ha’ you been, my handsome wad lie down.’ young man?’ ‘I ha’ been at the greenwood; mother, ‘And wha gat your leavins, Lord Randal, my son? mak my bed soon, And wha gat your leavins, my handsome For I’m wearied wi’ hunting, and fain young man?’ wad lie down. ‘My hawks and my hounds; mother, mak ‘An wha met ye there, Lord Randal, my my bed soon, son? For I’m wearied wi’ hunting, and fain An wha met you there, my handsome wad lie down.’ young man?’ ‘And what became of them, Lord ‘O I met wi my true-love; mother, mak Randal, my son? my bed soon, And what became of them, my For I’m wearied wi’ hunting, and fain handsome young man?’ wad lie down.’ ‘They stretched their legs out an died; ‘And what did she give you, Lord mother, mak my bed soon, Randal, my son? For I’m weary wi’ hunting, and fain wad And what did she give you, my lie down.’ handsome young man?’ 0 0 ‘Eels fried in a pan; mother, mak my || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 ‘O I fear you are poisoned, Lord Randal, ‘My gold and my silver; mother, mak my my son! bed soon, I fear you are poisoned, my handsome For I’m sick at the heart, and I fain wad young man!’ lie down.’ ‘O yes, I am poisoned; mother, mak my bed soon, ‘What d’ ye leave to your brother, Lord Randal, my son? For I’m sick at the heart, and I fain wad What d ‘ye leave to your mother, my lie down.” handsome young man?’ ‘What d’ ye leave to your mother, Lord ‘My house and my lands; mother, mak Randal, my son? my bed soon, What d ‘ye leave to your mother, my For I’m sick at the heart, and I fain wad handsome young man?’ lie down.’ ‘Four and twenty milk kye; mother, mak ‘What d’ ye leave to your true-love, Lord my bed soon, For I’m sick at the heart, and I fain wad Randal, my son? What d ‘ye leave to your true-love, my lie down.’ handsome young man?’ ‘What d’ ye leave to your sister, Lord ‘I leave her hell and fire; mother, mak Randal, my son? my bed soon, What d’ ye leave to your sister, my For I’m sick at the heart, and I fain wad handsome young man?’ lie down.’ Activity 11 Discussion Questions 1. This poem is like a short murder mystery. Who is the victim? Who is the killer? How is the victim killed? 2. Why do you think Lord Randall doesn't tell his mother immediately what happened? 3. The phrase "sick at the heart" has both a literal and a figurative meaning. What are the different interpretations of this phrase? 4. What type of poem is 'Lord Randall'? 5. Explain the origins of this poem. 6. Why has Lord Randall been away from home? 7. Why does Randall need to lie down? 8. What can be inferred from the last stanza of this poem? 9. What does Lord Randall mean when he says 'mak my bed soon'? 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Activity 12 Cite evidence from the poem to support your answers below. 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 LESSON 3: ELIZABETHAN AGE 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 A. CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE 0 0 || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0 Born : 26 February 1564 Canterbury, England- Died : 30 May 1593 (aged 29 ) Deptford , England. He was stabbed in a barroom fight by a drunken man. Occupation: A great Dramatist, playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Literary movement : English Renaissance theatre Notable work(s) Plays: The Jew of Malta, Edward the Second, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. Poetry : The Passionate Shepherd to His Love ,Hero and Leander Marlowe greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlow. Many scholars believe that if Christopher Marlowe had lived longer, he might have become a greater dramatist than William Shakespeare. Marlowe was the first one to use blank verse that encourage Shakespeare to try it. Blank verse is any verse comprised of unrhymed lines all in the same meter, usually iambic pentameter. Marlowe was also the first to write a tragedy in English, again paving the way for Shakespeare. 1.1 THE INEVITABLE DAY (From The Tragedy of Dr. Faustus) Christopher Marlowe Faustus, O Faustus! O, I’ll leap up to Heaven!---Who pulls me down? Now has thou but one bare hour to live, See, where Christ’s blood streams And then thou must be damned perpetually! inthefirmament! Stand still, you ever-moving spheres of One drop of blood will save me; O my Heaven Christ!- That time may cease, and midnight never Rend not my heart for naming of my Christ! come Yet will I call on him; O spare me, Lucifer! For nature’s eye, rise, rise again, and make Where is it now? ‘tis gone; and see where Perpetual day: or let this hour be but God A year, a month, a week, a natural day, Stretcheth out his arm, and bends his ireful That Faustus may repent and save his soul! brows O lente, lente currite, noctis equi! Mountains and hills, come, come and fall on me The stars move still, time runs, the clock will strike And hide me from the heavy wrath of Heaven! The devil will come, and Faustus must be damned 0 0 No! No! || LIT 205 (Ma’am Jonalyn) 0 0