Substance Use Disorder (SUD) PDF

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Occupational Therapy Interventions Understanding the Role of OT in Recovery and Rehabilitation Dr. Injeti Introduction to Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Def init io n: SU D is a co mple x co ndit io n in w hich t he re is un co nt ro lle...

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Occupational Therapy Interventions Understanding the Role of OT in Recovery and Rehabilitation Dr. Injeti Introduction to Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Def init io n: SU D is a co mple x co ndit io n in w hich t he re is un co nt ro lled u s e o f s u bs ta nce s des p ite h ar mf ul co ns e que nce s. Type s o f Su bsta nc es : Alco ho l, dr ugs ( pre s cript io n, re cre a tio na l) , to ba cco , a nd o t he r ps ych oa ct ive s u bs ta nce s. Rele va nce in OT: S U D o f t en af f ect s var iou s ar ea s of f unc tio nin g, impa ctin g an in dividu alʼs abilit y to e nga ge in me an ingf ul a ctiv itie s an d ro les. Causes and Risk Factors Bio lo gica l Fa ct o rs : G en et ics , bra in Brain Chemistry: early trauma can lead you to try things early on ch emis t ry, m ent a l h ea lth dis o rde rs. Ps y cho s o cia l Fa cto r s : Tra uma , s tre s s , e nviro nm ent a l in f lue nce s , p ee r pre s s ure. If trauma is not fixed, turns into disorders and people will use substances to alleviate pain Occu pat io na l Impa ct: Lo s s of o ccup at io na l ro le s , dis rup te d ro ut ines , a nd imp air ed pe rf o rma nce in da ily a ctiv itie s. Signs and Symptoms of SUD B eh a vi or a l Si gn s : N eg l ec t o f p e r s o n al r e s p o n s i b il i ti es , s o ci al wi th d r a wa l, r i s k y b eh a vi or s. P h y s i ca l Sy m p t om s : C h an g e s i n a p p et it e, w ei g h t, o r s l ee p p at te r n s ; p h y s ic al h e al th d e cl i n e. P s y c h ol o g ic al I n d ic at o r s : M o o d s w in g s , an x i et y, d e p r es s i on , i r r it ab i l it y , a n d co g n i ti v e ch a n ge s. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) “Lo w-risk" drinking is def ined as: For men: No more than 4 d rinks p er d ay and no more than 14 drinks per week. Fo r women: No mo re than 3 drinks p er day and no more than 7 d rinks p er week. Stay ing wi thin these limits c an red uce the risk o f develo pi ng an alco hol use disorder, t ho ugh ind ivi dual risk factors c an also infl uence o ut comes. Addiction Choices, Habits, or Disease? Th e tr e at m en t co m m u n i ty h as c o m e t o v ie w s u b s ta n ce a b u s e a n d ad d i c ti on a s a d is ea s e. Wh e r ea s f o r o th e r s w h o ar e n o t p e r s o n n el u n d er t h e t it l e o f m ed i ca l s ta f f ar e n o t a b le to t r u ly an s w er t h is q u es t i on. W h il e ot h er s ca n ex p e r im e n t w it h al co h o l a n d d r u g s a n d t h en s t o p or u s e t h em i n f r eq u e n tl y, w h il e o t h er s b e co m e a d d ic te d d u e t o i n t er a ct io n s o f b i ol o gi c al , en v ir o n m e n ta l, a n d d ev e l op m e n ta l f a ct o r s. A d d i ct io n t h en l ea d s t o c h an g e in t h e b r a in ʼ s s tr u c tu r e a n d f u n ct io n b y d i s r u p t in g t h e c om m u n i c at io n b et we en n e r v e c el l s. Th e b r ai n i s s t i ll d ev el o p in g u p t o ( at le as t) 2 1 y e ar s of a ge. Substance Use Disorder invo lve dru gs tha t d irec tly a ctiva te th e bra in's r ew ar d s ys t em. T he ac tiva tio n o f t he re wa rd s y s te m typ ically cau s es f ee lings o f p lea s ure ; t he s pecif ic ple as u rab le f ee lings ev oke d var y w idely depe ndin g o n th e dru g.  Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): Self-care may decline due to poor motivation, coordination Impact of issues, or physical health decline. SUD on Instrumental ADLs: Difficulty in managing Occupational finances, work performance, and household Performance responsibilities. Social Participation: Strained relationships, social isolation, and decreased engagement in leisure activities. Role of Occupational The rapy in SUD Re covery P r im a r y G oa l s : I m p r o ve d ai ly f u n c ti on i n g , e s ta b l is h h ea lt h y r o u ti n es , a n d b u il d r es il i en c e a g ai n s t r el ap s e. Fo cu s A r ea s : E n h a n ci n g l if e s k i l ls , m a n ag i n g t r i gg e r s , d e v e lo p i n g c o p in g s t r at eg i es , an d p r o m o ti n g h ea lt h y s o c ia l i n t er a ct io n s. OT Assessment for SUD E va l ua t io n To o ls : C O P M ( C a na d ia n O c c up a ti o n a l P e r f o r m a n c e M e a s ur e ) M O HO ( M o de l o f H u m a n O c c u pa t io n ) a s se s s me n t s O c c u pa t io n a l P e r f o r ma n c e H is to r y I n te r vi e w ( O P H I - I I ) S u bs ta n c e Us e H is to r y a nd Li fe s t yl e R e vi e w P ur p o s e : I de n t if y s tr e ng th s , l im it a tio ns , a n d s pe c if i c a r e a s im p a ct e d b y s u bs ta n c e us e. OT Interventions for SUD: Buil ding Copi ng Skills Stress Management Techni ques: Mi ndfulness, relaxati on trai ni ng, c ognit ive -behavioral strategies. Heal thy Habi ts and Ro utines: Structuring dai ly acti viti es, establishing a sleep routi ne, meal planning. Soci al Skil ls Training: Enhancing c ommunicatio n, managi ng interperso nal confl icts, bo undary - setting. OT Interventions: Life Ski lls and Vocational Training Life Sk ills Training: Budgeting, meal planni ng, time management, household management. Vocat ional Rehabi litatio n: Job training, goal setting for employment, work readiness pro grams, and support for re -entering the wo rk force. OT Interventions: Lei sure and Recreation Engagement Purpo se: Redi scovering interests, encouraging healthy leisure acti viti es as alternatives to substance use. Examples: Ar t therapy, spor ts, creative ho bbies, co mmunity invo lvement activities. Group Therapy in OT for SUD Typ es of G roup s: Psy choeducat ion, skil l-building, support groups, relapse prev enti on. Benef its: Fosters p eer supp ort, reduces i solatio n, enhanc es mot ivation, and p rov ides a safe space for p rac tice. Challenges in OT for SUD Barriers to Engagement : Sti gma, lo w motivat ion, relapses, co - oc curring mental health issues. Strat egies to Overco me Barri ers: Building rappo rt, motivat ional interviewing, indi vidualized care plans, and gradual goal -setting. Start goals that are achievable, start small