Study Sheet.docx

1. According to Kantian ethics, we must always act as to maximize total happiness. - False 2. Imagine that you are hanging out with your friend late on a Tuesday night. She has cut her hand badly, and you can't stop the bleeding. You both get in your car and drive toward the ho...

1. According to Kantian ethics, we must always act as to maximize total happiness. - False 2. Imagine that you are hanging out with your friend late on a Tuesday night. She has cut her hand badly, and you can't stop the bleeding. You both get in your car and drive toward the hospital that's less than a mile away. You get stopped at a red light, look around, and see no cars at all. You check again and are certain that you're the only car on the road. You decide to run the light and safely get your friend to the emergency room as fast as possible. According to utilitarianism, this act was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. - Moral since this decreases the overall level of pain. 3. Imagine that you are hanging out with your friend late on a Tuesday night. She has cut her hand badly, and you can't stop the bleeding. You both get in your car and drive toward the hospital that's less than a mile away. You get stopped at a red light, look around, and see no cars at all. You check again and are certain that you're the only car on the road. You decide to run the light and safely get your friend to the emergency room as fast as possible. According to Kantian ethics, this act was \_\_\_\_\_. - Immoral since we cannot universalize running red lights when we are in a hurry. 4. According to utilitarianism, we must always follow the categorical imperative, which tells us that we must treat each other as ends and never treat people only as a means. - False 5. The term collateral damage is used when innocent people are harmed during military attacks aimed at military personnel. Countries may attempt to only injure and kill enemy combatants, but if those targets are close to civilians, then civilian deaths may occur, and they are labeled collateral damage. Collateral damage is most unfortunate, but it is a common element of war. What would utilitarians and Kantians have to say about a government launching an attack that is likely to produce collateral damage? - Utilitarians might accept it, and Kantians would reject it. 6. Kant says we must always follow the ultimate moral rule, which he calls the hypothetical imperative, which is based on our desires or circumstances. - False 7. According to Kant, the categorical imperative is the moral rule that we are all obligated to follow in all cases, and our ability to reason allows us to determine whether an act is moral. - True 8. Which of these claims about the categorical imperative are correct? - The categorical imperative requires us to treat people with due respect, so we can never use someone just as a tool to get something that we want. 9. Utilitarians require us to focus on consequences and to always maximize our own happiness. - False 10. Which of the following statements about the case of the inquiring murderer is correct? - The case of the inquiring murderer is used as an example to show that Kant\'s categorical imperative could sometimes require us to act in ways that we find unacceptable. 11. For Kant, the rational will is intrinsically good, and the actions of the rational will are, at best, extrinsically good. - True 12. A rational will that always wills what is right and good, but never what is evil. - Absolutely good will. 13. According to Kant, we have a moral imperative (duty) to do something if doing anything else will violate the laws of good reason. - True 14. According to the first formulation of Kant\'s categorical imperative, a person who lies for the sake of convenience. - Acts in contradiction to the dictates of the categorical imperative; it is impossible to will that everyone lie for the sake of convenience. 15. The view that an act is right as far as it produces more pleasure for more people in the long run and wrong as it produces more pain for more people in the long run. - Utilitarianism. 16. Refers to the moral value of the outcome of an action. - Utility. 17. An act is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ if it results in good consequences, defined as obtaining more higher-level pleasures than pains, for all those affected by the action, and, hence, one should always strive to bring about as many pleasurable consequences for all those affected as possible. - Moral 18. An act is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ if it results in bad consequences, defined as obtaining more pains than higher level pleasures, for all those affected by the action, and, hence, one should always strive to bring about as few bad consequences for as many are affected as possible. - Immoral. 19. The view that an act is morally permissible if the consequences are morally good. - Consequentialism. 20. People who hold that a morally good consequence is increased happiness for the individual performing the action. - Consequentialists who are \"ethical egoists.\" 21. People who hold that a morally good consequence is increased happiness for the greatest number of people. - Consequentialists who are \"utilitarians.\" 22. An ethical theory is consequentialist if its moral value lies not in the intention but on the consequence of an action. Utilitarianism is a consequentialism; Kant\'s ethical theory is a version not of consequentialism, but rather of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. - Non-consequentialism. 23. Moral evil is the evil produced by the willful acts of human beings (such as murder, rape, etc.) - True 24. According to the medieval theologian Thomas Aquinas, Reason and Faith are comparable with one another as is Science and Religion because there is but one truth. - True 25. Why didn\'t Immanuel Kant think that existence is a property or characteristic of a thing? - Kant thinks the concept of something is not changed by claiming it exists. 26. Kant claims respect is\_\_\_\_. - A feeling. 27. According to Kant, moral laws are\_\_\_\_\_. - Necessary and apply to all rational beings. 28. According to Kant, the only thing that is good without qualification is\_\_\_\_. - A good will. 29. Kant claims that the dictates of morality are\_\_\_\_\_. - Categorical imperatives. 30. Utilitarianism requires that we be strictly impartial between our own happiness and the happiness of others. - True 31. Utilitarianism requires that in deciding how to act, we think only of maximizing happiness. - False 32. According to utilitarianism, whether an act is right or wrong depends on the motives of the agent. - False 33. Utilitarianism is classified as a teleological ethical theory because it maintains what makes an action right its consequences. - True 34. For Kant reverence for the law is a recognition that your will ought to be subordinate to law. - True 35. Illegal actions are all immoral since they are against the law. - False 36. For Immanuel Kant, the basis for a Theory of the Good lies in the good consequence of the act. - False 37. For Immanuel Kant, the basis for a Theory of the Good lies in the intention or the will. - True 38. For Immanuel Kant it is never morally good to treat a person as a means to an end. - True 39. Kant\'s moral principle is divided into two different formulations. The first formulation, or the humanity formulation, requires that you should never treat another person merely as a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. - Means to an end. 40. Intrinsic Value is\_\_\_. - Good \"in and of itself\" 41. "Act only on that maxim whereby you can at the same me will that it should become a universal law," expresses the: - The Categorical Imperative 42. Which of the following is the most important question in Ethics? - Which moral judgments are correct? 43. Which of the following is generally considered immoral but not illegal? - Breaking a promise to a friend. 44. Immanuel Kant\'s moral theory is also called\_\_\_\_. - Deontology. 45. Kantian ethics does not prohibit individuals from seeking their own happiness, which may include prosperity in business. However, its constraints on what we may do in the pursuit of our own happiness or profits: we must give equal respect to all rational individuals by exercising our own rationality and allowing others to do the same. - True 46. A maxim is a technical term in Kant's philosophy; it refers to a \_\_\_\_\_\_. - A subjective principle of action. 47. When you will something to be a universal law, you must also worry about what the consequences of that willing (doing) might be. - False 48. According to another formulation of Kant\'s moral principle, you should act so that the maxim of your action becomes a universal act. This means that you should that what you do (when you act) is done by everyone. - True