Study Session 12 12 24 PDF
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This document contains notes on various biology concepts, including surface area and volume calculations for rectangular prisms, microscope magnification formulas, plant cell connections through plasmodesmata, different organelles and their functions, the concept of dynamic equilibrium, active and passive transport mechanisms (including endocytosis, exocytosis, and diffusion), and osmotic pressure in animal and plant cells. Diagrams are included to illustrate the various concepts.
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# Surface Area and Volume - **SA: l * w * # of sides with those measure** - **V: l * w * h** A rectangular prism has a length of 4, a width of 2, and a height of 3. The surface area is calculated using the formula SA: l * w * # of sides with those measure. Since it's a rectangular prism, ther...
# Surface Area and Volume - **SA: l * w * # of sides with those measure** - **V: l * w * h** A rectangular prism has a length of 4, a width of 2, and a height of 3. The surface area is calculated using the formula SA: l * w * # of sides with those measure. Since it's a rectangular prism, there are six sides, so since it has two sides that have dimensions of 2 x 4 (the l and w) there are 2 * 2 * 4 = 16 square units. The other two sides have dimensions of 3 x 4 (the l and h) so there are 2 * 3 * 4 = 24 square units. Lastly, the two remaining sides have dimensions of 2 x 3, so there are 2 * 2 * 3 = 12 square units. Therefore, the total surface area is 16 + 24 + 12 = 52 square units. The volume is calculated using the formula V: l * w * h. With l of 4, w of 2, and h of 3, the volume is `4 * 2 * 3 = 24 cubic units`. # Total Magnification The total magnification of a microscope can be calculated using the formula: - Total mag = eyepiece * objective (low, medium, high) # Plant Cell Connection - Plasmodesmata connect the cytoplasms of adjacent plant cells through cell walls, allowing exchange of materials. # Organelles - Lysosome - vesicle - vacuole - Golgi - ER - Mitochondria - Chloroplast - Centrioles (mitosis) # Dynamic Equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium is an ever-changing _balance_. This is shown with a diagram of two arrows pointing toward each other with 10 on either side of the vertical line. # Active Transport - **Pump** - **Endocytosis** (entering) - Pinocytosis: liquid - Phagocytosis: solid - **Exocytosis** (exiting) - Proteins # Passive Transport - **P.T. - Diffusion** - High concentration of CO2 with an arrow pointing to Low CO2 levels - 25 glucose molecules with an arrow pointing to 5 glucose molecules, with 15 molecules crossing the membrane. # Osmotic Pressure - Osmotic pressure is the force of water pushing against a membrane due to osmosis. - **Animal:** - Hypertonic arrows going into a circle - Hypotonic arrow coming out of a circle - (lysis!) - **Plant:** - Turgor with arrows going into a rectangular cell with one side being longer (to show turgor) - Hypertonic arrow coming out of the rectangle. - Hypotonic arrow going into the rectangle. # End of Document
