Study Guide Final Exam State & Local Government F24 PDF

Study Guide, Final Exam, State and Local Government The following study guide is designed to help you prepare for the final exam. This is not a comprehensive list, and the exam may contain questions from chapters 7, 8, and 9 in the main text, the supplemental readings, and lectures. Please do not em...

Study Guide, Final Exam, State and Local Government The following study guide is designed to help you prepare for the final exam. This is not a comprehensive list, and the exam may contain questions from chapters 7, 8, and 9 in the main text, the supplemental readings, and lectures. Please do not email me a list of questions that you cannot find, particularly if you have missed class or not completed the readings. If there is something you don’t understand, I am happy to assist you. 1. What is legislative professionalism? What are citizen legislatures? Hybrids? 2. Differentiate trustees versus delegates. 3. What are the different methods of judicial selection? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. 4. What are voting cues? Why are they needed? Give examples. 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of term limits? 6. Differentiate cracking and packing. 7. Differentiate single-member districts from multi-member districts. 8. What professions do state lawmakers come from? 9. What court cases have dealt with redistricting? Why are they important? 10. What is gerrymandering? What is malapportionment? 11. What are the formal powers of the governor? 12. What are the informal powers of the governor? 13. What are executive orders? 14. What is political capital? 15. What are street-level bureaucrats? How do they set policy? 16. What are urban party machines? How did they operate? 17. Differentiate among the types of vetoes. 18. What has been helpful to African Americans in promoting better representation in state legislatures? 19. What are the characteristics of gubernatorial elections? 20. What are “good-time Charlies?” 21. What is “going public?” What is the bully pulpit? 22. What are the 3 primary jobs of the governor? Explain each. 23. What is New Judicial Federalism? 24. Differentiate criminal versus civil law. 25. Explain the generic structure of state courts. 26. What do trial courts do? What are their functions? Explain their procedures. 27. Explain the purpose of intermediate appellate courts. What are appeals based on? 28. What are the jobs of the state legislatures? 29. What are standing committees? What are conference committees? 30. How do party leaders influence the legislative process? 31. What are pork barrel projects? 32. How do legislative committees help overcome collective action problems? 33. How does the legislature oversee the executive branch? 34. What led to urban machines? 35. What led to the demise of urban machines? Discuss various reforms. 36. What roles do legislatures and governors play when it comes to budgeting? 37. Why does it matter whether or not executive agency heads and department secretaries are appointed rather than elected? 38. What is a problem-solving court? Why is it necessary? 39. Which forms of judicial selection are more political? Which attempt to limit the influence of politics? 40. Differentiate determinate versus indeterminate sentencing. 41. What is a bench trial, and why is it used? 42. Who is the top law enforcement officer in the state? 43. What role do governors play in dealing with disasters or similar unusual matters? 44. Why does it matter when gubernatorial elections are held? 45. How does media coverage of governors compare to that of state lawmakers? 46. Discuss representation of women and minorities when it comes to state legislatures and governorships. 47. What is unique about the Nebraska state legislature? 48. Discuss why the following cases are important: League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, Reynolds v. Sims, and Baker v. Carr. 49. Explain the civil service system. Why is it necessary? 50. How are the courts involved in policymaking? 51. Do different types of judicial selection matter? 52. What judicial reforms have we seen in recent years? 53. What does the state Supreme Court do? How do cases make it to the supreme court? 54. How do gubernatorial elections compare to other elections? 55. How have women and minorities progressed in running for governor? 56. What are earmarked fees? 57. Why is gubernatorial appointment power important? 58. What was Proposition 77 about? 59. How can court cases be decided without going to trial? 60. What are courts of limited jurisdiction? 61. At what level do most court cases take place? 62. Differentiate courts of general jurisdiction from limited jurisdiction. 63. How do interested parties petition the Supreme Court to hear a case? How do interested parties try to influence courts? 64. How do state courts differ from federal courts? 65. What is an indictment? What does a grand jury do? 66. Differentiate determinate and indeterminate sentencing. 67. What is recidivism? How can some courts address this issue? 68. What role do states play in national elections? Discuss how state laws influence elections for offices including the president. What states were pivotal in the 2020 presidential election.