EES Astronomy Unit Study Guide PDF

**[EES Astronomy Unit Study Guide]** 1\. The Earth\'s axis tilts at \_\_\_\_\_\_ degrees \* 2\. Our sun is the primary energy source in the solar system. Energy from the sun travels in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and radiates to Earth. 3\. When this e...

**[EES Astronomy Unit Study Guide]** 1\. The Earth\'s axis tilts at \_\_\_\_\_\_ degrees \* 2\. Our sun is the primary energy source in the solar system. Energy from the sun travels in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and radiates to Earth. 3\. When this energy reaches the Earth, ***plants*** convert it into chemical energy through a process called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. (1 word) 4\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ only occurs in the sun when 2 atoms collide & huge amounts of energy are released. 5\. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the process of splitting an atom to generate a massive amount of energy (such as uranium). → It is used in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ power plants. 6\. At one point in time, astronomers believed our solar system was a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ model, meaning we thought that all planets revolved around the Earth. 7\. From past astronomers\' discoveries, we now know that our solar system is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ model.  8\. The common point in which two celestial objects orbit is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 9\. What causes [auroras]? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 10\. [Satellite]- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Ex. of natural satellite: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Ex. of artificial satellite: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 11\. [Telescope]- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 12\. What are the Terrestrial planets? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ → List them: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 13\. What are the Jovian planets? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ → List them: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 14\. [Precession]- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 15\. [Nutation]- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 16\. [Kepler's 1st Law]: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 17\. [Kepler's 2nd Law]: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 18\. [Kepler's 3rd Law]: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 19\. What is the biggest difference between waxing and waning and how can you tell which phase the moon is in by looking at it? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **\*\*Study your moon phase diagram!\*\*** 20\. The sun is directly overhead in the Northern Hemisphere during \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 21\. What is the difference between rotation and revolution? How long does each take for the Earth to complete? a)Rotation-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ b\) Revolution- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 22\. Equinoxes- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 23\. Solstices- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 24\. What is the astronomical term used to describe one celestial body casting a shadow on another celestial body? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 25\. These tides only occur when there is a new moon and when there is a full moon. They are extreme tides: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 26\. These tides only occur in the quarter moon positions. They are weaker tides: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 27-28. What are the 2 types we can see from Earth? For each type: name, briefly describe what occurs during the event, sketch a simple diagram, & state whether or not it is safe to look at with the naked eye. Type \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ------------- -------------------------------- ------------------------------------ Description Diagram Safe? (Y/N) 29\. Due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the Earth\'s temperature and climate are regulated and stay relatively stable. 30\. Due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, harmful incoming solar radiation is filtered out and we are protected 31\. The Earth is closest to the sun in this orbital position: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 32\. The Earth is furthest from the sun in this orbital position: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 33\. In what direction does the Earth orbit the sun? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 34\. During a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the entire Earth has 12 hour days and 12 hour nights. 35\. What causes seasons? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 36\. What causes day & night? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 37\. What causes years? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ → Exactly how long is 1 year on Earth? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 38\. When there are 24 hours of darkness at the North Pole, what is happening at the South Pole? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ → Why? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 39\. Does the sun or moon have more of an effect on the Earth's tides? Explain. 40\. [Diurnal tides-] \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 41\. [Semidiurnal tides]- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 42\. [Mixed semidiurnal tides]- \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 43\. What type of tides do we have on NC's coast? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 44\. Complete the diagram on the right by putting the terms below in the correct order: *Planet, universe, galaxy, solar system* 45\. Writing- Explain the Earth\'s journey through space during 1 complete orbit using all of the terms below. *rotation revolution axis precession nutation barycenter* \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **[ANSWER KEY- EES Astronomy Unit Study Guide]** 1\. The Earth\'s axis tilts at \_23.5\_ degrees \* 2\. Our sun is the primary energy source in the solar system. Energy from the sun travels in \_\_\_electromagnetic\_\_\_ \_\_\_waves\_\_\_ and radiates to Earth. 3\. When this energy reaches the Earth, ***plants*** convert it into chemical energy through a process called \_\_\_photosynthesis\_\_. (1 word) 4\. \_Nuclear\_ \_\_\_fusion\_ only occurs in the sun when 2 atoms collide & huge amounts of energy are released. 5\. \_\_Nuclear\_\_ \_\_fission\_\_ is the process of splitting an atom to generate a massive amount of energy (such as uranium). → It is used in \_\_\_nuclear\_\_ power plants. 6\. At one point in time, astronomers believed our solar system was a \_\_geocentric\_\_ model, meaning we thought that all planets revolved around the Earth. 7\. From past astronomers\' discoveries, we now know that our solar system is a \_\_heliocentric\_\_\_ model.  8\. The common point in which two celestial objects orbit is called the \_\_barycenter\_\_\_\_. 9\. What causes [auroras]? \_\_\_Interaction of sun's charged particles from intense solar events (such as solar flares) with the Earth's magnetic field\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 10\. [Satellite]- \_\_\_\_\_an object that orbits around a larger celestial body, like a planet or star\_\_\_\_ Ex. of natural satellite: \_\_\_\_moon\_\_\_\_\_ Ex. of artificial satellite: \_\_Webb telescope\_\_\_\_\_\_ 11\. [Telescope]- an optical instrument that magnifies and collects light from distant celestial objects like planets & stars 12\. What are the Terrestrial planets? \_\_\_\_\_A rocky, solid planet with a defined surface\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ → List them: \_\_\_\_\_Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 13\. What are the Jovian planets? \_\_\_\_\_\_A large, gaseous planet with no defined surface\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ → List them: \_\_\_\_\_\_Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 14\. [Precession]- \_\_\_The direction of the Earth's axis can change, but as long as the tilt stays the same, the seasons stay the same. Changes over a period of 26,000 years \_\_\_\_ 15\. [Nutation]- \_\_Wobbling of the Earth around the axis. occurs over an 18 year period, and it's caused by the pull of the moon on Earth. It will very slightly increase or decrease seasonal effects\_\_\_ 16\. [Kepler's 1st Law]: \_\_The orbit of a planet around the Sun (or of a satellite around a planet) is not a perfect circle. It is an ellipse---a "flattened" circle. \_\_ - 17\. [Kepler's 2nd Law]: \_\_The closer a planet is to the Sun, the stronger the Sun's gravitational pull on it, and the faster the planet moves. The farther it is from the Sun, the weaker the Sun's gravitational pull, and the slower it moves in its orbit.\_\_ - 18\. [Kepler's 3rd Law]: \_\_\_The amount of time a planet takes to orbit the sun (period=P) is related to its orbit (a) using the equation: P2=a3\_\_\_\_\_ - 19\. What is the biggest difference between waxing and waning and how can you tell which phase the moon is in by looking at it? Waxing phases are when the moon's reflected light is increasing (from a new moon), so the moon appears to "grow larger." Waning phases are when the moon's reflected light is decreasing, so the moon appears to "shrink." [Waxing]=light appears on the right side. [Waning]=light appears on the left side of the moon. **[\*\*Study your moon phase diagram!\*\*]** 20\. The sun is directly overhead in the Northern Hemisphere during \_\_Summer\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_solstice\_\_\_\_. 21\. What is the difference between rotation and revolution? How long does each take for the Earth to complete? a)Rotation-\_\_\_\_\_Spining around on an axis. \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_24 hrs. (23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds with respect to other distant stars)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ b\) Revolution- \_\_Making an orbit around a stationary object, like a star\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_365.25 days\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 22\. Equinoxes- \_\_\_\_when Earth's axis is not tilted toward or away from the Sun\_\_\_\_\_\_ 23\. Solstices- \_\_\_\_\_\_When Earth's axis is tilted the most toward/away from the Sun\_\_\_\_ 24\. What is the astronomical term used to describe one celestial body casting a shadow on another celestial body? \_\_\_eclipse\_\_\_\_\_ 25\. These tides only occur when there is a new moon and when there is a full moon. They are extreme tides: \_\_\_spring\_\_\_\_\_\_ 26\. These tides only occur in the quarter moon positions. They are weaker tides: \_\_\_neap\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 27-28. What are the 2 types we can see from Earth? For each type: name, briefly describe what occurs during the event, sketch a simple diagram, & state whether or not it is safe to look at with the naked eye. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Type | \_\_\_Lunar\_\_\_\_ | \_\_\_\_Solar\_\_\_\_ | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Description | Occurs when the Earth | - Occurs when the | | | gets between the sun | moon gets between | | | and the moon | the sun and the | | | | Earth. | | | - Only occurs | | | | during full moons | - Occurs during | | | | new moons | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Diagram | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Safe? (Y/N) | YES | NO | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ 29\. Due to \_The Earth's radiation budget\_, the Earth\'s temperature and climate are regulated and stay relatively stable. 30\. Due to \_the Earth's magnetosphere\_\_\_, harmful incoming solar radiation is filtered out and we are protected 31\. The Earth is closest to the sun in this orbital position: \_\_perihelion\_\_\_\_ 32\. The Earth is furthest from the sun in this orbital position: \_\_aphelion\_\_\_. 33\. In what direction does the Earth orbit the sun? \_\_counter-clockwise\_\_\_ 34\. During a(n) \_\_equinox\_\_\_, the entire Earth has 12 hour days and 12 hour nights. 35\. What causes seasons? \_\_\_\_\_the Earth's tilt on its axis\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 36\. What causes day & night? \_\_\_the rotation of the Earth on its axis\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 37\. What causes years? \_\_\_\_\_\_the Earth's revolution\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ → Exactly how long is 1 year on Earth? \_\_\_\_365.25 days\_\_\_\_\_ 38\. When there are 24 hours of darkness at the North Pole, what is happening at the South Pole? \_\_It experiences 24 hours of daylight. → Why? \_\_\_\_It is the winter solstice in the Northern hemisphere, so the top of Earth's axis is pointed most away from the sun (while the bottom of the axis at the south pole is tilted most toward the sun). 39\. Does the sun or moon have more of an effect on the Earth's tides? Explain. The moon because it is much closer to the Earth. (Although the sun has far more gravitational pull than the moon, the sun is extremely far away, so the moon is \*mostly\* responsible for the Earth's tides. 40\. [Diurnal tides-] \_\_Type of tide that only experiences 1 high tide & 1 low tide every 24hrs\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 41\. [Semidiurnal tides]- Tide pattern consisting of 2 high tides & 2 low tides every 24 hrs, and the 2 highs & 2 lows are about the same height 42\. [Mixed semidiurnal tides]- Tide pattern consisting of 2 high tides & 2 low tides every 24 hrs, and the high & low tides vary in height (tidal range) 43\. What type of tides do we have on NC's coast? \_\_\_semidiurnal\_\_\_\_\_. 44\. Complete the diagram on the right by putting the terms below in the correct order: *Planet, universe, galaxy, solar system* 45\. Writing- Explain the Earth\'s journey through space during 1 complete orbit using all of the terms below. *rotation revolution axis precession nutation barycenter* \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\**Answers will vary\**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_