STS Reviewer Midterm PDF

STS REVIEWER What is human flourishing primarily concern with: Well-being and happiness According to Aristotle what term describes the pinnacle of happiness Eudaimonia What does the term phronesis refer...

STS REVIEWER What is human flourishing primarily concern with: Well-being and happiness According to Aristotle what term describes the pinnacle of happiness Eudaimonia What does the term phronesis refer to: Practical wisdom The primary concern regarding technological advancement in relation to inequality: Unequal access creating economic advantages In Heidegger’s philosophy what is enframing: A calculative approach to understanding reality The primary focus of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015 Achieving peace and prosperity for all in 2030 According to Jason Hickel, what paradigm should we consider regarding development? De-development of rich countries Peter Edward propose regarding the development of countries; Rich countries should catch down to more appropriate levels of development  Salary is generally considered necessary to live comfortably in Manila 40 - 50K Eudaimonia according to Aristotle: A state of human flourishing or living well Which of the following best describes the good life? A life that is fulfilling, meaningful and enjoyable What term does Aristotle use to refer to the balance between pleasure and pain in achieving a good life? The golden mean What role does science and technology play in the pursuit of the good life? They expressions of human faculties that can enhance life What to Orthodox economists argue is needed for progress? Increase economic growth What does the term moral virtue refer to? Habits of character in aiding ethical actions How does Aristotle believe virtues are acquired? Through practice and habit What is the relationship between intellectual and moral virtues? They enhance each other  STS QUIZ 1 How does Martin Heidegger view technology in relation to human flourishing? As a way of revealing or uncovering what was previously concealed. How do new technologies impact human flourishing according to recent studies? They can both enhance and complicate aspects of human life, such as work, society, and well-being. What is human flourishing most closely associated with? State of well-being, happiness, and prosperity Which philosophical concept did Aristotle introduce to describe the highest state of human happiness?. Eudaimonia According to the hedonistic view, what is the purpose of life? To maximize happiness and minimize misery Which of the following best represents happiness in the context of neurology? A flood of hormones released in the brain as a reward In relation to technology, how does this lesson suggest humans should approach innovation? By innovating for the good of others and higher purposes According to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, what is the ultimate goal of human life? Eudaimonia What does phronesis refer to in Aristotle's concept of human flourishing? Practical wisdom or good judgment In Ancient Greek society, which of the following was NOT considered a key component of human flourishing? Fame How has the concept of human flourishing evolved over time? It now focuses more on technology, comfort, and wealth How do Western and Eastern civilizations differ in their view on human flourishing? The East seeks more comfort in the individual, while the West focuses on the collective What is Aristotle's view on the relationship between education and other goals? Education is the ultimate good and not a means to other goals What role does technology play in human flourishing today? It serves as a tool for humans to excel and achieve science What is the inherent connection between good and another concept? Good is inherently related to the truth  What role has technology played in enhancing global communication? It has enabled people around the world to connect, share ideas, and collaborate on projects. How have advances in renewable energy technology contributed to human flourishing? By making it possible to reduce reliance on fossil fuels What is one of the ways science and technology address global challenges? By developing innovative solutions to address challenges such as climate change, poverty, and inequality According to Martin Heidegger, how should we understand technology? As a way of revealing or uncovering what was previously concealed How has technology impacted the environment? It has had both positive and negative impacts, including contributing to climate change and environmental degradation What is a concern related to the increasing reliance on technology for everyday tasks? Concerns about privacy and personal information security  How has automation and artificial intelligence affected employment? It can cause job displacement and affect the future of work, particularly for low-skilled workers What is the role of the human person in relation to science and technology according to the concept of human flourishing? The human person is both the bearer and beneficiary of science and technology Why is reflective and meditative thinking important in the context of science and technology? Because it gives meaning to the life of a person and helps in evaluating the broader impact on humanity Which ancient Greek concept, meaning “unhiddenness” or “disclosure,” is key to Heidegger’s understanding of technology? Techne /Alithea?? What does Heidegger mean by “challenging forth” in modern technology? Technology demands resources from nature forcefully How does Heidegger describe the relationship between enframing and poetic thinking? Enframing conceals poiesis, reducing nature to a calculable system What are the two primary definitions of technology according to Heidegger? Technology is a means to an end, and technology is a human activity What does Heidegger mean by “poiesis” in the context of technology? The skill or art of bringing forth or producing something What is “enframing” in Heidegger’s philosophy? A way of viewing reality that challenges and sets upon nature, treating it as an orderable and calculable system How does Heidegger describe modern technology’s impact on nature? Modern technology challenges nature and demands resources that are often forcibly extracted What does Heidegger propose as a way to escape the enframing of modern technology? Through art, which leads to meditative thinking. According to Heidegger, what is the essence of technology? The essence of technology is nothing technological. How does Heidegger view the relationship between human beings and technology? Humans are inherently part of the revealing process of technology.  According to Heidegger, what happens when humans allow themselves to be "swallowed" by modern technology? They lose the essence of who they are as beings in the world. What is the central argument of Jason Hickel regarding the development of poor and rich countries? That rich countries should reduce their consumption and development levels to more sustainable and equitable standards. Why does Jason Hickel suggest that the term "de-development" might be problematic? Because it runs against the deepest frames people use to think about human progress and the purpose of life. Which of the following best describes the good life according to Aristotle? A life lived in accordance with reason and virtue. According to Aristotle, what is the essence of the "good life"? A life characterized by happiness from living and doing well, achieved through virtuous activity and the exercise of reason. What role do virtues play in Aristotle’s concept of the good life? Virtues, both intellectual and moral, are essential for living a good life as they help human beings find the mean between extremes.  STS QUIZ 2 Eleanor Roosevelt chaired the commission on human rights that drafted human rights. Article 25 Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate Economic Recession event NOT reason for creation of UDHR The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1945. No. of Article in UDHR 30 Article 23 right to equal pay for equal work. Which country abstained from voting for the UDHR due to conflicts with the Qur'an Saudi Arabia Article 5 prohibits torture.. Article 1 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.  North Korea and other countries are implementing ethical guidelines to prevent human exploitation of robots Article 18 Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion Article 15 Everyone has the right to a nationality. International Criminal Court (ICC) The ICC is a permanent international court that prosecutes individuals for the most serious international crimes, including genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Article 19 Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; Unemployment is a significant ethical concern in the use of AI The advancement of technology has no impact on mental health false which concept argues that human may rely too much on AI leading to a loss of critical thinking?  Article 26 Everyone has the right to education. Bill Joy States that 21st century pose threats due to potential self replication Article 10 Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing, trial LEADS to unequal wealth distribution effect of trickle down effect World War II The horrors of World War II, including the Holocaust, brought attention to the need for a set of universal human rights. What is a limitation of robots compared to humans in terms of adaptation to unpredictable situations? Ability to learn from experience What might the unreflective acceptance of new technologies lead to risk to human existence Hickel suggests that we might learn from Latin America's concept of buen vivir,  According to hickel, UN SDG primarily focus on eradicating poverty by 2030 The primary purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is indeed to prevent human rights abuses "Forget 'Developing' Poor Countries, It's Time to 'De-develop' Rich Countries" overconsumption of rich countries Hickel suggests that rather than poor countries "catching up," rich countries should: "Catch down" to sustainable levels Growth has been the main object of development for the past 70 years  Quiz 3 HUMAN FLOURISHING IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Which event led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? World War II Who was the chairperson of the drafting committee for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? Eleanor Roosevelt Which group of people were not explicitly mentioned in the original version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? None of the above Which UN body is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the lUniversal Declaration of Human Rights? The Human Rights Council Which UN body is responsible for investigating and prosecuting individuals responsible for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide? The International Criminal Court Which of the following events during World War II led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? All of the above Which group of people was targeted during the Holocaust? Jews Which of the following is NOT an atrocity committed by the Nazis during World War II? Forced relocation of Jews to Palestine Which term refers to the inhumane treatment of prisoners of war, civilians, or other non-combatants during wartime? Mass murder Which religious group argued that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights did not adequately address their specific human rights concerns based on their sacred text? What is the study of reasoning—the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration to distinguish good reasoning from bad reasoning? Logic What is the area of philosophy concerned with the necessity and reliability of knowledge acquired by humans, which includes those facts about how one thinksnand how one should think that one must understand to minimize errors when learning about other subjects? Epistemology What is the branch of philosophy that deals with the “first principles” of existence, seeking to define basic concepts like existence, being, causality, substance, time, and space? Metaphysics. It is closely related to the philosophy of art, which treats the nature of art and the concepts in terms of which works of art are interpreted and evaluated. What is the philosophical study of beauty and taste? Aesthetics According to Martin Heidegger, questioning is the PIETY of thought. True According to Martin Heidegger, PIETY means being religious.. False According to Martin Heidegger, technology does not disclose truth but brings forth destruction. False According to Martin Heidegger, the way modern technology reveals truth is through enframing. True.Martin Heidegger proposes art rather than technology as a way out of enframing. True Aletheia: disclosure; Poesis: ________________.. brings something  Technology is a tool, a device or an instrument that gets things done. According to Martin Heidegger, what technological definition is this? instrumental definition Humans determine the function or purpose of technology. According to Martin Heidegger, what technological definition is this? anthropological definition Which refers to people's view of nature as something that can be controlled, putting orders and systems in place so it can be better understood based on their desires? calculative thinking His philosophical works focused on ontology, or the study of being, or ‘dasein’ in German. Who was this German philosopher considered to be one of the most significant thinkers of the 20th century and a member of the Continental tradition? Martin Heidegger What philosophically refers to the act of bringing something out of concealment? Poiesis. What is the Ancient Greek concept which is translated as unclosedness, unconcealedness, disclosure, or truth? Aletheia  What is the collective effort to achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context of a larger society so that each person can pursue his or her own ends? Human flourishing According to Aristotle, what is the ultimate goal of human life?. Eudaemonia What is Aristotle's concept of the "Golden Mean"?. A balance between excess and deficiency According to Aristotle, which virtue lies between deficiency and excess? Temperance.What is Aristotle's definition of virtue? Moral and intellectual excellence.According to Aristotle, what is the relationship between virtues and vices? They are opposite extremes What is Aristotle's definition of eudaimonia? A virtuous and fulfilling life According to Aristotle, what is the relationship between virtue and the good life? The good life is impossible without virtue  What is the total income of the country divided by its total population? Per capita income What is the main strategy of the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for eradicating poverty? growth In 2015, the global economic threshold for poverty was less than $ _____ a day, making the number of people living in poverty increase by more than 1.1 billion. $5 C. According to Jason Hickel, what is the main problem with the current development paradigm? It assumes that economic growth is the solution to poverty What does Jason Hickel mean by "de-development"? According to Hickel, why is economic growth not a solution to poverty? What is the "trickle-down" theory? The notion that wealth generated by the rich will eventually benefit the poor What is the main argument presented in the article "Forget 'developing' poor countries, it's time to 'de-develop' rich countries"? Rich countries should focus on reducing their own consumption According to the 'de-develop' article, what is the current state of consumption in rich countries? It is much higher than what the planet can sustain According to the 'de-develop' article, what is the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation? Economic growth is the primary cause of environmental degradation According to Jason Hickel, what is the main driver of overconsumption in rich countries?. Corporate influence on politics and the media