Structure Of Matter Part 1 2024 PDF
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Central Ohio Technical College
2024
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This document is a presentation about Atoms and the structure of matter. It covers the fundamental particles of the atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. It describes different atomic models, including the Greek, Dalton, and Bohr models. Additionally, the presentation touches upon concepts such as elements and the periodic table.
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The Structure of Matter Part 1 Chapter 3 Atom A = without “tom” = to cut Means “indivisible” Smallest particle that has all the Sub-atomic properties of an particles have element...
The Structure of Matter Part 1 Chapter 3 Atom A = without “tom” = to cut Means “indivisible” Smallest particle that has all the Sub-atomic properties of an particles have element since been discovered Atom Atoms are the smallest components of matter Extremely small particles made up of protons, neutrons and electrons https://www.google.com/search?q=i+dont+trust+atoms,+they+make+up+everything&client=firefox-b-1- e&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKktuAwaPsAhXUK80KHeAkDyMQ_AUoAXoECAwQAw&biw=1536&bih=750#imgrc=APltrmFhJ20qWM Element Amount of protons determines the type of element an Atoms that have the same number atom forms of protons and same chemical properties An element is a material that consists of a single type of atom An element is made up from atoms 118 elements 92 Natural 26 Artificial Atom vs. Element Greek Atom 4 Substances Earth Air Water Fire Dalton Atom 1808 John Dalton, English teacher Classified elements by atomic mass Some atoms react chemically the same Hook and eye format Mendeleev Late 1800’s – showed atoms could be arranged in order with increasing atomic mass Similar properties 1st Periodic Table of elements 8 Groups Medeleev Group I (1) - alkali metals (except hydrogen) – soft metals Highly reactive Group VII (7) – Halogens – gasses Combine easily Group VIII (8) – Noble Gases Inert/highly resistant Thomson/Rutherford Atom Late 1890’s – Thomson said electrons were part of the atom “Plum Pudding Model” 1911 – Rutherford introduced nuclear model Small dense positive center (nucleus), surrounded by negative cloud of electrons Bohr Atom 1913 Neil’s Bohr Miniature Solar System Electrons revolve around nucleus in predetermined energy levels Atom (as we know it today) Small dense positive nucleus Negative charged electron cloud revolving around nucleus in fixed orbits Neutral atom - # positive charges = # negative charges Fundamental Sub-atomic Particles 3 Fundamental Particles of the atom Electron Neutron (nucleon) https://www.google.com/search?q=fundamental+particles+of+the+atom&client=firefox-b-1- e&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwing_ii28T6AhXOkIkEHZNaBLQQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=2144&bih=1035&dpr=0.9#imgrc=J8YWBDEw4Qfg9M&imgdii=XlEO3dKAYDXjOM Proton (nucleon) Fundamental Particles Over 100 subatomic particles discovered Atom – solar system Nucleus – Center Electrons arranged around nucleus determines how atom will interact Atomic Structure Atom mostly empty space Nucleus is MUCH smaller than atom If nucleus is size of a baseball, electrons would be 3 miles away Atomic Nomenclature Chemical Symbol - alphabet abbreviation Chemical properties determined by # and arrangement of electrons Atomic number - (Z#) number of protons – DETERMINES the element Atomic Mass Number – (A#) number of nucleons Period Table of Elements **Note – 2 numbers in each box Tungsten 74 183.84 Atomic Nomenclature Super and Sub scripts of chemical symbol He24 U92238 Fundamental Particles- Proton +1 Charge Located in nucleus Proton - Different # in each element Determines element Determines atomic number (Z number) https://www.google.com/search?q=fundamental+particles+of+the+atom&client=firefox-b-1- e&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwing_ii28T6AhXOkIkEHZNaBLQQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=2144&bih=1035&dpr=0.9#imgrc=XlEO3dKAYDXjOM&img dii=dACtto8SeSIuhM Fundamental Particles- Neutrons No charge Located in nucleus Together with protons determines atomic mass number – A # Fundamental Physics- Electron Charge -1 Located surrounding nucleus, orbital shells Not included in atomic mass number or atomic number Can be easily ionized – because much smaller than proton Electrons Electron energy levels: all electrons have energy Further from nucleus more energy possessed and less influence the nucleus (+ charge) has on them Shells called K, L, M, N…..etc. Nucleons Nucleons – (protons and neutrons) Composed of quarks Quarks held together by gluons Review of Fundamental Particles Particle Location in the Charge Symbol atom Proton Nucleus +1 + or p+ (Nucleon) Neutron Nucleus 0 O or N (Nucleon) Electron Electron -1 (-) or e- shells/cloud around the nucleus Can you draw an atom? Review… What does the word atom mean? ___________________________________________ Dalton - ______________________________________ Mendeleev - __________________________________ Thomson/Rutherford - __________________________ Bohr - _______________________________________ Review… What is an atom? What is an element? Review… What are the 3 fundamental sub- atomic particles of the atom? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ What would make an atom neutral? How are the shells labeled in an atom? ______________________________________________ Review… Answer the following questions relating to atomic number: What symbol is used? What makes up the atomic number? If the atomic number is changed, how does that affect the element? Review… Answer the following questions relating to atomic mass number: What symbol is used? What makes up the atomic mass number? If the atomic number changes, does the atomic mass number change? Review… Z Number? A Number? # protons? # neutrons? # nucleons? Review… Answer the following questions relating to a proton: What is the charge? Where is it located within an atom? How does it relate to atomic number or atomic mass number? Review… Answer the following questions relating to an electron: What is the charge? Where is it located within an atom? How does it relate to atomic number or atomic mass number? Review… Answer the following questions relating to a neutron: What is the charge? Where is it located within the atom? How does it relate to atomic number or atomic mass number? Review… Answer the following questions relating to nucleons: What is the charge? Where is it located within the atom? How does it relate to atomic mass or atomic mass number?
