STRATB_MIDTERM Strategic Business Comm & Presentation PDF

Strategic Business Comm & Presentation The Role of Topic Sentences Module 3: Process of Writing Business Communication Topic sentences make the structure of a text and the writer’s basic arguments e...

Strategic Business Comm & Presentation The Role of Topic Sentences Module 3: Process of Writing Business Communication Topic sentences make the structure of a text and the writer’s basic arguments easy to locate and comprehend. Using a topic sentence in each paragraph of the essay is the standard rule. Paragraph The paragraph is the main structural component of an Planning - refers to the use of a deliberate and organized essay as well as other forms of writing. Each approach to tackling a writing task and includes a writer’s paragraph of an essay adds another related main first thoughts or basic ideas about the topic. idea to support the writer’s thesis or controlling idea. In Planning: Paragraph Length 1. It should demonstrate a need 2. It should offer a Non-Specific Solution To grab attention or to present succinct supporting ideas, 3. It should show solution a paragraph can be fairly short and consist of two to three 4. Call to action sentences. Drafting - is the stage of the writing process in which to Revising develop a complete first version of a piece of writing. Revising and editing are the two tasks you undertake to Make the Writing Process Work for You significantly improve your essay. Third step of the three- step writing process involves four key task: revising your Begin with the part you know the most about message to achieve optimum quality and then Write one paragraph at a time and then stop producing, proofreading, and distributing. Take short breaks to refresh your mind To evaluate the Content of the message, answer these Be reasonable with your goals questions: Keep your audience and purpose in mind as you write Is the information accurate? Is the information relevant to the audience? Setting Goals for the First Draft Is there enough information to satisfy the A draft is a complete version of a piece of writing, but it reader’s needs? is not the final version. A first draft gives you a working Is there good balance between general version that you can later improve. information and specific information? Discovering the Basic Elements of a First Draft Answer another set of questions: An introduction that piques the audience’s Are all points covered in the most logical order? interest, tells what the essay is about, and Do the most important ideas receive the most motivates readers to keep reading. space, and are they placed in the most A thesis statement that presents the main point, prominent positions? or controlling idea, of the entire piece of writing. Would the message be more convincing if it were A topic sentence in each paragraph that states arranged in another sequenced? the main idea of the paragraph and implies how Are there any points repeated unnecessarily? that main idea connects to the thesis statement. Are details grouped together logically, or are Supporting sentences in each paragraph that some scattered through the document? develop or explain the topic sentence. A conclusion that reinforces the thesis statement and leaves the audience with a feeling of completion. Use headings and subheadings: Module 4: Interpersonal Communication Organization: headings show your reader at a Interpersonal communication is an act of information glance how the document is organized. sharing between two or more individuals. Attention: Informative, inviting and in some Organizational communication relies on such cases intriguing headings grab the reader’s communication for the dissemination of information attention, make the text easier to read, and help between functional division, colleagues, and customers the reader find the parts he or she needs to read in a business. In this module, the topics collaborated on or skip. interpersonal communication and interpersonal Connection: Using headings and subheadings communication theories are vital for a comprehensive together helps readers see the understanding of effective managerial and business relationships between main ideas and communication. subordinate ones so that they can understand your message more easily. Types of Interpersonal Communication Answer the following questions when evaluating Verbal Communication Skills: everything we other writing: speak using words fall under verbal communication. What is the purpose of this document or Non-verbal Communication Skills: message? communication without words is non-verbal Who is the target audience? communication. It is the body language, What information does the audience need? gestures, facial expressions, silence, etc. of an Does the document provide this information individual. in a well-organized way? Listening Skills: needed to receive messages Does the writing demonstrate the “you” from others to give feedback accordingly. attitude toward the audience? Negotiation Skills: these skills deal with resolving Is the tone of the writing appropriate for the conflicts by focusing on mutual agreement. By audience? negotiation, people come to settle for the same Can the readability be improved? goals and outcomes. Is the writing as concise as it could be? Assertiveness Skills: create influence with own Does the design support intend message? ideas, beliefs, thoughts and wants. These skill How to Achieve an Effective Design helps in creating and maintaining relationships. Decision Making and Problem-solving Skills: Consistency help in relationship maintenance. Create Balance harmony in social environment and helps Restraint relationship prosper whereas problems destroy Detail them. Elements of Interpersonal Communication Communicators For any communication to occur there must be at least two people involved. It is easy to think about communication involving a sender and a receiver of a message. However, the problem with this way of seeing a relationship is that it presents communication as a one- way process where one person sends the message and the other receives it. Message Functions of Interpersonal Communication Message not only means the speech used or information Linking Function; conveyed, but also the non-verbal messages exchanged Mental Function; and such as facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures and body language. Non-verbal behavior can convey Regulatory Function additional information about the spoken message. In particular, it can reveal more about emotional attitudes Development of Interpersonal Relationship which may underlie the content of speech. Initiating Noise Experimenting It refers to anything that distorts the message, so that Intensifying what is received is different form what is intended by the speaker. The use of complicated jargon, inappropriate Integrating and body language, inattention, disinterest, and cultural Bonding differences can be considered noise in the context of interpersonal communication. In other words, any INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION THEORIES distortions or inconsistencies that occur during an Uncertainty Reduction. Explore the initial interaction attempt to communicate can be seen as noise between people that occurs before the actual Feedback communication process and hence also known as initial interaction theory. Feedback consists of messages the receiver returns, which allows the sender to know how accurately the Core Concepts and Assumptions. This information can message has been received, as well as the receiver's be used to predict people’s behavior, or the outcome of reaction. The receiver may also respond to the the starting relationship with them. The process of unintentional message as well as the intentional information seeking through predictable developmental message. Feedback allows the sender to regulate, adapt stages, indicating changes in the quantity and type of or repeat the message in order to improve information shared. communication. Seven Concepts of Assumptions Context 1. Verbal Output All communication is influenced by the context in which 2. Nonverbal Warmth it takes place. However, apart from looking at the situational context of where the interaction takes place. 3. Information Seeking The emotional climate and participants' expectations of 4. Self-Disclosure the interaction will also affect the communication. 5. Similarity Channel 6. Liking The channel refers to the physical means by which the message is transferred from one person to another. In a Motivators. Only in certain circumstances do individuals face-to-face context the channels which are used are feel the need to reduce uncertainty. Theorists identified speech and vision, however during a telephone three situations in which people will seek to reduce conversation the channel is limited to speech alone. uncertainty: 1. Anticipation of future interaction 2. Incentive value 3. Deviance Types of Uncertainty effort and time put into a relationship are costs. Rewards refer to the element that have positive value to a Cognitive uncertainty person. Acceptance, validation, and companionship are Behavioral uncertainty rewards. Stages of initial interaction Symbolic Interaction The entry stage The symbolic interaction perspective, also called symbolic interaction, is a major framework of The personal stage the sociological theory. This perspective relies on the The exit stage symbolic meaning that people develop and build upon in the process of social interaction. Although symbolic Social Exchange Theory interaction traces its origins to Max Weber's assertion Social exchange theory is a sociological and that individuals act according to their interpretation of psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the meaning of their world, the American the interaction of two parties that implement a cost- philosopher George Herbert Mead introduced this benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. Also, the perspective to American sociology in the 1920's. theory involves economic relationships, it occurs when Core Principles of Symbolic Interaction each party have goods that the other parties’ value. Social exchange theory suggests that these calculations Meaning: the major premise of this theory is that occur in romantic relationships, friendships, professional humans act toward people or things based on relationships and ephemeral relationships as simple as the meaning they assign to them. exchanging words with a customer at the cash Language: meaning is brought about through register. Social exchange theory says that if the costs of social interaction and language is the vehicle the relationship are higher than the rewards, such as a lot through which we convey this meaning. of effort or money put into a relationship and not reciprocated, this could lead to problems. Thinking: a person’s interpretation of symbols is modified by their own thought processes. For the Assumptions of Social Exchange Theory symbolic interactions thinking is an inner Assumptions based on human nature conversation and according to Mead this is called minding. Minding is reflective pause. Mead Assumptions based on nature of human maintained that thinking is the mental relationships conversation that we hold with others,always Core Concepts of Social Exchange Theory considering how they will see us and how they will react. Social exchange theory sees social behavior as a result of a process of interactive exchanges. These exchanges help Social Penetration Theory people weigh the potential benefits and cost of social The theory deals with the ways in which relationships relationships. The purpose of social exchange is to develop and progress. It explains how communication maximize positive interactions and minimize negative enriches the relationship of two or more individuals. The interactions. The costs of the relationship outweigh the theory states that closeness (penetration) develops if benefits, people will likely abandon the relationship. communication begins at relatively shallow non-intimate Cost vs. Rewards levels and moves in gradual and orderly fashion to deeper more personal levels. The theory proposes that Social exchange theory says that people tend to calculate relationships get more intimate over time when people if the relationship is worthwhile by subtracting its cost disclose more information about themselves. The Onion from reward. Worth=Rewards-Cost and rewards Analogy is used to explain the Social Penetration Theory. associated with the other person ultimately decide the Personality is like a multilayered onion, having the public fate of the relationship. Costs refer to the elements in a self (height, weight, gender) on the outer and the private relationship that have negative value to a person. Money, self (values, self-concept, deep emotions) on the core. Social penetration refers to the open interpersonal behaviors which take place through social interaction and the subjective internal process which occurs before, during and after the social exchange. It can be verbal, nonverbal or environmental. Verbal behavior includes the exchanging of information while non-verbal behavior includes body language (posture, facial expressions, eye gaze etc.). -Environmental behaviors include the personal distance between people and the use of physical objects and areas. Stages of Social Penetration Social penetration is an orderly process which goes through different stages over time. As interpersonal exchange gradually progresses from the superficial to the more intimate our real selves are revealed, like peeling back the layers of an onion. The four stages to this process are Orientation Stage, Exploratory Affective Stage, Affective Stage and Stable Stage. Orientation phase: When people first meet, they are revealing their outer superficial shell. Conversations revolve around hobbies, likes, and dislikes. Exploratory Effective phase: The relationship develops as a few layers of the personality are “peeled off” allowing the personality to show through in verbal and nonverbal communication. The relationship becomes more intimate. Affective phase: More layers are peeled away until almost the entire personality is revealed. Participants develop and understanding for one another and begin to discuss personal topics. Stable phase: This is the final stage in the relationship where all layers have been peeled away, exposing the core of the individual’s personality.