General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 7TH Edition Chapter 3 PDF

Chapter 3 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table  Chapter 3 Chapter Outline 3.1 Internal structure of an atom 3.2 Atomic number and mass number 3.3 Isotopes and atomic masses 3.4 The periodic law and the periodic table 3.5 Metals and nonmetals...

Chapter 3 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table  Chapter 3 Chapter Outline 3.1 Internal structure of an atom 3.2 Atomic number and mass number 3.3 Isotopes and atomic masses 3.4 The periodic law and the periodic table 3.5 Metals and nonmetals 3.6 Electron arrangements within atoms 3.7 Electron configurations and orbital diagrams 3.8 The electronic basis for the periodic law and the periodic table 3.9 Classification of the elements Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 2  Section 3.1 Internal Structure of an Atom Subatomic Particle Minute particle that is a building block for atoms Types – Electron: Possesses a negative electrical charge Found outside the nucleus – Proton: Carries a positive charge equal to the electron’s negative charge – Neutron: Has no charge Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 3  Section 3.1 Internal Structure of an Atom Table 3.1 - Charge and Mass Characteristics Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 4  Section 3.1 Internal Structure of an Atom Nucleus Small, dense, positively charged center of an atom Contains all protons and neutrons Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 5  Section 3.1 Internal Structure of an Atom Charge Neutrality of an Atom Atom as a whole is electrically neutral – No net electrical charge Number of protons = Number of electrons Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 6  Section 3.1 Internal Structure of an Atom The subatomic particles of an atom are: a. protons and neutrons. b. protons and electrons. c. neutrons and electrons. d. protons, neutrons, and electrons. Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 7  Section 3.1 Internal Structure of an Atom The subatomic particles of an atom are: a. protons and neutrons. b. protons and electrons. c. neutrons and electrons. d. protons, neutrons, and electrons. Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 8  Section 3.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number Atomic number (Z): Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Mass number (A): Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 9  Section 3.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number Complete Chemical Symbol Notation Mass number A Symbol Chemical symbol Atomic number Z Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 10  Section 3.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number Element Pure substance in which all atoms present have the same atomic number – Possess the same chemical properties Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 11  Section 3.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number The atomic number of an atom is: a. the sum of the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. b. the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. c. obtained from the mass number. d. the number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom. Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 12  Section 3.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number The atomic number of an atom is: a. the sum of the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. b. the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. c. obtained from the mass number. d. the number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom. Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 13  Section 3.3 Isotopes and Atomic Masses Isotopes Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons Show identical chemical properties Physical properties slightly differ as they have different masses Most elements found in nature exist in isotopic forms Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 14  Section 3.3 Isotopes and Atomic Masses Isotopes of Silicon Number of Protons = 14 Number of Protons = 14 Mass number = 28 Mass number = 29 Number of Neutrons = 14 Number of Neutrons = 15 Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 15  Section 3.3 Isotopes and Atomic Masses Exercise A certain isotope X contains 23 protons and 28 neutrons. What is the mass number of this isotope? Identify the element. Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 16  Section 3.3 Isotopes and Atomic Masses Exercise A certain isotope X contains 23 protons and 28 neutrons. What is the mass number of this isotope? 51 Identify the element. Vanadium Return to TOC Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 17  Section 3.3 Isotopes and Atomic Masses Atomic Masses Elements occur in nature as mixtures of isotopes Carbon = 98.89% 1.11%