Static Electricity Study Sheet PDF

STATIC ELECTRICITY REVISION +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Electricity** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Key Concepts** | **Vocabula...

STATIC ELECTRICITY REVISION +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Electricity** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Key Concepts** | **Vocabulary** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Electricity is the form of energy | - Electricity | | associated with electrical | | | charges. | - Proton (+) | | | | | Atoms contain very small | - Electron (--) | | particles: | | | | - Electric charge | | - Protons have a positive | | | charge. | - Neutral | | | | | - Electrons have a negative | - Negative charge | | charge. | | | | - Positive charge | | - Neutrons do not have a | | | charge. | - The law of interaction of | | | electric charges | | If an object does not have equal | | | numbers of protons and electrons, | | | it has an electric charge. | | | | | | - A neutral object has an equal | | | number of protons and | | | electrons. | | | | | | - A negative charged object has | | | more electrons than protons. | | | | | | - A positive charged object has | | | fewer electrons than protons. | | | | | | According to the law of | | | interaction of electric charges: | | | | | | - The charges of opposite signs | | | attract each other. | | | | | | - The charges of the same sign | | | are repelled. | | | | | | - A charged object can attract | | | some neutral objects. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Static Electricity** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Key Concepts** | **Vocabulary** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Static electricity results from | - Static electricity | | an imbalance of electrical | | | charges on the surface of an | - Friction loading | | object. | | | | - Electrostatic series | | [Charging by | | | friction] | - Charging by conduction | | | | | - To charge by friction, two | - Grounding | | neutral objects made of | | | different materials are | - Induction charging temporary | | rubbed together, and there is | | | an electron transfer. | - Induction charging permanent | | | | | - The electrostatic series is a | - Electroscope | | list that indicates how | | | materials will lose or gain | | | electrons when they come into | | | contact with other materials. | | | | | | [Charging by | | | conduction] | | | | | | - To charge by conduction, two | | | objects with different | | | electrical charges are | | | brought into contact and | | | electrons pass from one | | | object to the other. | | | | | | - When an object is grounded, | | | electrons are transferred | | | between that object and a | | | large neutral object such as | | | the Earth. | | | | | | [Charging by | | | induction] | | | | | | - One can induce temporary | | | charge in a neutral object by | | | placing a charged object | | | nearby. | | | | | | - One can induce a permanent | | | charge in a neutral object by | | | placing a charged object | | | close and then grounding of | | | the neutral object. | | | | | | An electroscope is used to detect | | | electrical charges. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Static Discharge** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Key Concepts** | **Vocabulary** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Static discharge is a rapid | - Static discharge | | transfer of electrons from one | | | object to another. | - Lightning | | | | | Lightning is a visible and | - Lightning rod | | spectacular static discharge, | | | which results from an imbalance | | | of charges between clouds or | | | between clouds and the ground. | | | | | | Lightning rods are used to direct | | | lightning into the ground without | | | causing damage. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+