ST4H Practice Questions_Week 1 to 3_SV PDF

SUTD 10.019 Science and Technology for Healthcare Week 1 to 3 Practice Questions Week 1 1. Stem cells are widely used in medical research. Which property of stem cells makes them particularly useful in this research? A. They can be fused together to form a zygote B. They can divide and e...

SUTD 10.019 Science and Technology for Healthcare Week 1 to 3 Practice Questions Week 1 1. Stem cells are widely used in medical research. Which property of stem cells makes them particularly useful in this research? A. They can be fused together to form a zygote B. They can divide and eventually give rise to a whole organism C. They can divide and be made to differentiate into various types of cells D. They will continue to divide indefinitely 2. Which of the following statements is false about hematopoietic stem cells? A. Hematopoietic stem cells are able to reproduce continually. B. Hematopoietic stem cells are present in small quantities. C. Hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the bone marrow. D. Hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into any specialized cell types. 3. Which of the following statements is true about all stem cells? 1) Stem cells can be induced to differentiate by environmental signals. 2) Stem cells are easily isolated and propagated. 3) Stem cells are able to develop into whole organisms if implanted into the womb. 4) Stem cells make more stem cells under appropriate conditions. A. 1 and 4 B. 2 and 3 C. 1, 3 and 4 D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 4. Stem cells in mouse bone marrow can be stimulated by different growth factors to produce: Blood stem cells, which have the ability to differentiate into all types of blood cells Mesenchymal stem cells, which have the ability to differentiate into muscle and bone cells Endothelial progenitor cells, which are needed to repair blood vessels and grow new ones Which of the following descriptions is correct? A. Blood stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent B. Mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells are pluripotent C. Stem cells in the bone marrow are totipotent and blood stem cells are multipotent D. Stem cells in the bone marrow are totipotent and mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent 5. Polysaccharides are synthesized in plants by the process of A. Condensation B. Glycolysis C. Hydrolysis D. Oxidation 6. Which part of a phospholipid molecule contributes most to the thickness of a cell surface membrane? A. Glycerol B. Hydrocarbon chain, i.e. fatty acid tail C. Hydrophilic head D. Phosphate group 7. Identify the subunit for the following macromolecules and name the bonds that link them together. Macromolecules Subunit(s) Bonds Carbohydrate Glycosidic bond (FYI) Protein Nucleic acid Membrane phospholipid 8. The diagram below is a diagram of a liver cell. Identify the structures labelled A and B. For each structure, state 2 of its features that can be seen in the figure. Week 2 9. In a folded protein found in the cytosol, the non-polar (hydrophobic) amino acids tend to be A. Tucked away inside the protein. B. Exposed on the outside of the protein. C. Distributed randomly throughout the protein. D. All lined up in a row. 10. The biological activity of a protein is determined by its: A. Peptide bonds. B. Amino acid sequence. C. Ability to form alpha helices. D. Ability to form beta sheets. 11. Theoretically, a vast number of different proteins can be assembled from 20 different amino acids. How many polypeptide chains are possible that are 10 amino acids long? A. 200 B. 20 C. 2010 D. 1020 12. If the egg white protein, ovalbumin, is denatured in a hard-boiled egg, then which of the following is least affected? A. The primary structure of ovalbumin B. The secondary structure if ovalbumin C. The tertiary structure of ovalbumin D. The quaternary structure of ovalbumin 13. Which of the following carbon molecules in the process of cellular respiration possesses the most chemical energy? A. Glucose B. Pyruvate C. Acetyl CoA D. CO2 14. During oxidative phosphorylation, the energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used in which of the following processes? A. The production of NADH and FADH2. B. Pumping H+ across a membrane. C. The breakdown of glucose. D. The production of CO2. 15. Given the process of glycolysis, which of the following would mostly likely serve to allosterically inhibit the rate of glycolysis? A. Increased fructose B. Increased ATP C. Increased oxygen D. Increased glucose 16. If a mutation in the DNA of an organism results in the replacement of Glutamic acid with Aspartic acid, how might the structure of the protein be affected? Address the impact on all levels of the protein structure in your answer. Week 3 17. Hydrogen bonds that stabilize the double helical structure of DNA are formed between ______________. A. Nitrogenous bases and inorganic phosphate. B. Nitrogenous bases of two adjacent DNA strands. C. Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate. D. Nitrogenous bases and ATP. 18. If a DNA sample were composed of 20% thymine, what would the percentage of guanine be? A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 60 19. If the DNA non-template strand is 5’-ACAGTCGAT-3’, the resulting mRNA sequence will be _______________. A. 5’-ACAGUCGAU-3’ B. 5’-TGTCAGCTA-3’ C. 5’-UGUCAGCUA-3’ D. 5’-AUCGACUGU-3’ 20. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules _______________________. A. Have a midsection known as a codon. B. Are formed from non-functional mRNA molecules. C. Pick up specific amino acids and bring them to the ribosome. D. All of the above. 21. Removing only one base in a DNA gene sequence: A. can result in a significant change in the information about a protein. B. usually has no effect on the organism. C. could result in chromosomal breakage. D. cannot occur without extremes of heat and pressure. 22. The mRNA codon CAU will form temporary bonds with the A. mRNA anticodon CAU. B. mRNA codon GUA. C. tRNA anticodon GUA. D. tRNA codon CAU. 23. The following segment of DNA is from a transcribed region of a chromosome. You know that RNA polymerase moves from left to right along this piece of DNA, that the promoter for this gene is to the left of the DNA shown, and that this entire region of DNA is made into RNA. 5’-GGCATGGCAATATTGTAGTA-3’ 3’-CCGTACCGTTATAACATCAT-5’ Given this information, a student claims that the mRNA produced from this DNA is:  3’-GGCATGGCAATATTGTAGTA-5’ Give two reasons why the student’s answer is incorrect. 24. Here is the beginning of a protein‐encoding gene sequence. 5’-ATGAAGTTTGGCACTTAA-3’ 3’-TACTTCAAACCGTGAATT-5’ a) Give the RNA transcript that would be transcribed off of the bottom strand (i.e. RNA polymerase binds and moves along the bottom strand): b) Translate this RNA sequence into a protein sequence. (Refer to Codon Table in slides) c) What would be the effect on the final protein product if a mutation caused the following single base‐pair substitution? What type of mutation is this? 5’-ATGTAGTTTGGCACTTAA-3’ 3’-TACATCAAACCGTGAATT-5’