Urban Design Lesson 1

LESSON 1 Cul-de-sac- only one inlet/outlet Culture- aspects of life that people value and enjoy, URBAN DESIGN defining charac...

LESSON 1 Cul-de-sac- only one inlet/outlet Culture- aspects of life that people value and enjoy, URBAN DESIGN defining characteristic of humanity A Community- social group that are bound together by geography, profession, lifestyle Accessibility- travel speed and distance to the number of locations (‘destination opportunities’). Travel costs, D route safety, and topography gradient Design response- Explanation and demonstration of Adaptability or Adaptive Re-use- changing social, how a proposed building development technological, economic and market conditions Development- infrastructure for education, health, Amenity- parks, playgrounds, green spaces, parking justice, solid waste, markets facilities, public wi-fi facilities, public bus transport, bus shelters,etc... Density- number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. Arterial road- high-capacity urban road. Demolition- tearing-down of buildings B E Built Form- function, shape and configuration of buildings Enclosure- which buildings, walls, trees and other vertical items frame a street and public space. Background Buildings-Buildings that lack individual architectural Efficiency- output of something in comparison to its maximum potential. Building line-set with respect to the frontage of a plot of land Encroachment- r Urban sprawl “the spreading of urban developments on undeveloped land near a city’ Build-to-line- zoning device which controls the location of buildings F Building Cap- Maximum allowable construction in a designated area or city Façade-wall of a building that is usually facing the street Blue Space- visible water. Attractive blue spaces such as waterfront parks, harbors, ports, marinas, rivers, Form follows nature- uses shapes and forms found in nature such as plants, animals, insects, geological and Brownfield- land that has been previously used for astronomical shapes. industrial or commercial purposes Fabric or Urban Fabric- describes the physical C characteristics of urban areas, that is, cities, and towns. City -A city is a large human settlement. FAR (floor area ratio)- determining permitted building Circulation spaces - are part of the common area of a volume as a multiple of the area of the lot commercial, mixed use or higher density residential Fenestration- Design elements of the exterior building (architectural) window treatments such as patterns, Connectivity- counting the number of intersection rhythm, and ornamentation equivalents per unit of area. G M Gentrification- transformation of a city neighborhood mixed-use building- combine three or more uses into from low value to high value. one structure such as residential, hotel, retail Genius loci -spirit of a place. classical Roman religion Master Plan- document and policy guide designed to and the belief that districts of Roman had their own help communities create a vision of what they want to protective spirits. look like in the future Green Wall- A green facade is a wall covered in Map- Its usefulness hinges on its perceived climbing vegetation with soil at the base of the wall truthfulness and objectivity in the representation of reality. garden city movement-20th century urban planning Morphology- study of urban forms and of the agents Grid plan- streets run at right angles to each other, and processes responsible for their transformation forming a grid. over time Growth Management- regulating the pace and character of development in a community O H Urban open spaces (UOS)- publicly accessible open places designed and built from human activity and Human Scale- f building physical things such as enjoyment buildings to a scale that is useful to people Higher density residential buildings-five or more P storeys in height. They may be residential only or Public space- open and accessible to people residential combined with other uses such as retail, offices or car Placemaking- design of public spaces in close consultation with the residents of a city or I neighborhood. Parallel street plan- layout in which the principal Infill- categorise the increase of densities in a streets are approximately equidistant. townscape Planning Authority- government agency which is L responsible for land use and planning. Urban land use- comprises which activities are taking R place where and their level of spatial accumulation resilient city- endure physical, social and economic urban landmark- defined as an object that provides shocks and stresses “external points of orientation, usually an easily identifiable physical object in the urban landscape” Urban regeneration- repair the social and economic problems of an urban area linear park- considerably longer than it is wide Urban redevelopment- conceptually similar to land living street- mixed-use pedestrian street that may readjustment provide social space, greenspace and play areas  View corridor-open air space on a lot affording a clear S view Slum- people who lack the basic necessities to sustain a healthy and safe livelihood W Sustainable design- primarily means that designs Urban wetlands-within city limits where water and minimize environmental impact and improve quality soils mingle. of life Walkable Urbanism- The major current development sponge city- designed to passively absorb, clean and trend use rainfall in an ecologically friendly way that reduces dangerous and polluted runoff. Z Streetscape- combination of street width, curvature, paving, street furniture, plantings and the surrounding Zoning- divides land into areas built form and detail. Zoning regulations- specifications regarding lot size, Street and park furniture- includes seats, waste bins, density or bulk, height, and floor area ratio (FAR). drinking fountains, café furniture, bicycle parking zoning ordinance-applicable to land within a hoops….. municipality. It also sets the legal framework Sense of place- personal experiences, social interactions, and identities T Transportation infrastructure- foundational structures and systems for transporting people and goods. Transit-oriented development (TOD)- is a planning and design strategy that consists in promoting urban development that is compact, mixed-use, pedestrian- and bicycle friendly, and closely integrated U Urbanism- way of living or characteristics of lifestyle of people living in urban areas. Urban Reforestation- effort to return an area closer to its original state by planting large numbers of trees urban heat island- hotter than the countryside surrounding them V Vernacular architecture- defined as a type of local or regional construction, using traditional materials