Spirometry - Practical Physiology PDF

Spirometry Practical physiology Presented by: Dr. Shatha Mustafa Al-Qaseer  Objectives: What is Spirometry? Mechanics of Respiration Pulmonary Volumes & Capacities Spirometry Standardizing gas volumes Respiratory diseases  Spirometry Spirometry is The me...

Spirometry Practical physiology Presented by: Dr. Shatha Mustafa Al-Qaseer  Objectives: What is Spirometry? Mechanics of Respiration Pulmonary Volumes & Capacities Spirometry Standardizing gas volumes Respiratory diseases  Spirometry Spirometry is The measurement of the flow and volume of air entering and leaving the lungs. Test of pulmonary function (PFT) Indicator of health status or disease Exercise fitness Respiratory system functions: Include gas exchange, pH regulation, Vocalization, Protection from foreign substances. Respiration: Cellular respiration: is the cellular mechanism of energy conversion. External respiration: is the exchange of gases between atmosphere and cells. Includes: Ventilation, Gas exchange at lungs and cells, Transport of gases in the blood.  Respiratory Controls Local controls↑ blood CO2 = dilation of bronchioles Neural Controls Respiratory centers in brain ↑ alveolar O2 = vasodilation of bronchioles Stretch receptors Ventilation: The process of exchange of air between the lungs and the ambient air Airflow in respiratory system is directly proportional to the pressure gradient and inversely related to the resistance of the airways. A single respiratory cycle = inspiration + expiration Spirometry: is the measurement of the flow and volume of air entering and leaving the lungs. Lung volumes & capacities depend on: Age Body size (height & weight) Gender Race / Ethnicity Pulmonary health Altitude Irritants  Spirometry Spirometry is a non-invasive diagnostic test used to evaluate the health of an individual's lungs. During a spirometry test, the person being tested breathes into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer – either a standalone device or computerized software attached to a compatible machine. As they breathe out, the spirometer records essential parameters like: 1. forced vital capacity (FVC) 2. forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 3. peak expiratory flow rate 4. functional residual capacity.  Spirometry Spirometry is The measurement of the flow and volume of air entering and leaving the lungs. Respiratory Diseases like: Bronchitis Asthma COPD Emphysema Influenza Common cold Obstructive (Bronchial Asthma) Abnormally large TLC, but expiration ends prematurely. Early airway closure brought about by the increased smooth muscle tone of the bronchi (asthma) or loss of radial traction from surrounding parenchyma emphysema). Other causes include edema of bronchial walls or secretions in the airway. FVC < NORMAL FEV1< NORMAL Restrictive (Pulmonary Fibrosis) Loss of pulmonary and chest compliance, or weakness of the respiratory muscles FVC < NORMAL FEV1< NORMAL