Speech Styles and Acts PDF

SPEECH STYLES IMPROVING INTERACTIONS SLIDESMANIA  Having a better understanding of the contexts involved in communicative situations would make it easier to ide...

SPEECH STYLES IMPROVING INTERACTIONS SLIDESMANIA  Having a better understanding of the contexts involved in communicative situations would make it easier to identify the types that would be appropriate, give the circumstances involved in your interactions. SLIDESMANIA  Five (5) types of speech styles 1. Intimate 2. Casual 3. Consultative 4. Formal SLIDESMANIA 5. Frozen  1 INTIMATE This style is a non-public style that uses private vocabulary with meanings that may or may not be in linguistically correct forms. This style is usually used in dyadic communication between communicators that are in filial or romantic communication relationships. Examples may include parents and their children, a husband and his wife and, grandparents and their grandchildren SLIDESMANIA  2 CASUAL This is the style used between and among friends. Discussions made using this style do not require background information, and often do not have social barriers, given that the communicators comfortably share information with their peers. Slang, vulgarities and colloquialisms can be used often in this style. For instance, saying “gonna” instead of “going to” or “What’s up?” instead of “How are you?” are common casual language examples. These SLIDESMANIA expressions are relaxed and often include contractions, idioms, and slang.  3 Interruptions are CONSULTATIVE characteristics of this style, given that the communicators This style employs a do not share common ground. speech style that This style may be used in both encourages audience dyadic and small group engagement and input. The communication. Examples may include interactions tone is casual when using between doctors and their patients, this style of speech making teachers and students. it informal but more Examples of consultative words include: “What do you engaging. think?”, “How can we solve this?”, “Tell me what your SLIDESMANIA opinion is”, etc. These words help create an open dialogue between individuals and can lead to greater  4 “ FORMAL This style is used when communicators do not share the same backgrounds, meanings and experiences. Often called professional discourse, it requires two-way participation, with one person or group usually facilitating the interactions. Interruptions are characteristics of this style, given that the communicators do not share common ground. This style may be used in both dyadic and small group communication. Examples may include sermons, public SLIDESMANIA speeches, and pronouncements from courts.  5 FROZEN This style is primarily used to impart information to either a small group, public or mass audience. Language use is always of a given format. There is limited room for interruptions since the flow of information is usually just one-way and rather impersonal. It is a very formal and static style of communication used in settings that require respect, such as state ceremonies, contracts, and marriage ceremonies. It almost never changes and does not require feedback from the audience. SLIDESMANIA Examples may include religious prayers, a country’s constitution, pledges of allegiance to one’s country, and  SPEECH ACT Refers to any utterance that performs a variety of functions all at the same time, as determined by a speaker’s intention for speaking. It is good to note what the speaker actually said (content), what he/she did while speaking (contect), and what the intended effect to the audience was (action). SLIDESMANIA  According to Bach and Harnish (2018), speech act are essentially acts of communication, which There are three (3) expresses a certain type basic parts of a of attitude. Thus, the type speech act: locution, of speech act being illocution and performed also corresponds to the type of perlocution attitude a speaker wishes to convey in his SLIDESMANIA utterances.  1. LOCUTION. It is the actual performance of an utterance, coupled with content’s apparent meaning, as well as its phonetic (pronunciation), phatic (social interaction) and semantic (meaning) aspects, among other meanings in such an utterance. In other words, it is a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations. For example, saying “pass the salt” has both meaning (the act of passing the salt, and what salt is as a condiment or mineral) and structure (word order and grammatical construction). SLIDESMANIA  Identify the apparent meaning of the following ASSIGNMENT:phrases and then cite their semantic meanings: PHRASE APPARENT MEANING SEMANTIC MEANING KICK THE BUCKET BITE THE BULLET DON’T LET THE BED BUGS BITE HIT THE HAY SLIDESMANIA PAINT THE TOWN RED  2. ILLOCUTION It is the intention of the speaker in his/her speech act. By saying something, one is asked to do something. Most illocutionary acts are anchored on the action that the intent of utterance carries with it. Most illocutionary acts are performatives, which mean that the speaker invokes some action from the receiver based on his/her intent of saying the word/phrase/sentence. I will see you later – we could find three different assumptions of its meaning – prediction, promise and a warning I promise you to pay back – is an illocutionary act as it is SLIDESMANIA communicating  3. PERLOCUTION The perlocution of a speech act refers to the effect an act has on the listener, which may be voluntary or involuntary form of action. The perlocution effect of a speech act may influence the listener’s thoughts, emotions or even physical action. In the example “Pass the salt”, the listener may either: (1) pass the salt to another individual and request that it be passed to the person requesting for it; (2) in the absence of anyone to pass it to, may stand up and approach the requestor to pass the saltshaker. SLIDESMANIA  Four (4) major categories of communicative illocutionary acts CONSTATIVES or REPRESENTATIVES (denotes the state of things) DIRECTIVES (gets the listener to act in a certain way) COMMISSIVES (commit the speaker to do something) EXPRESSIVES (allows speakers to convey their attitude or SLIDESMANIA psychological state)  CATEGORIES SOME EXAMPLES OF EXAMPLE SENTENCES ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS Constatives / Representatives Announcing, classifying, This was the parcel that Mike concurring, denying, was looking for. disagreeing, identifying, informing, insisting Directives Advising, begging, dismissing, Get me a glass of water. forbidding, instructing, ordering, permitting, requesting Commissives Agreeing, guaranteeing, I could pick you up tomorrow, inviting, offering, promising, if you’d like? swearing, volunteering Expressive / Apologizing, condoling, Thank you for all your well Acknowledgements congratulating, greeting, wishes! SLIDESMANIA thanking, accepting (an acknowledgement)  ACTIVITY – ANECDOTES TO COMICS Talk to one of your grandparents, uncles or aunts, and ask them to share with you any memorable anecdotes from their childhood in an effort to understand them more intimately as close family members. Based on their story, create a short comic strip of this anecdote. Draw your comic strip in the storyboard below, and present it to the class. SLIDESMANIA THANK YOU SLIDESMANIA  Presenting an app? If you are presenting a website, an internet product or an app, you can place a screenshot of it here. SLIDESMANIA  Presenting an app? If you are presenting a website, an internet product or an app, you can place a screenshot of it here. SLIDESMANIA  Thank you! Do you have any questions? [email protected] 555-111-222 mydomain.com SLIDESMANIA  Credits. 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