SPED-Contributors.pdf

Pioneering Contributors to the development of Special Education Jacob Rodrigues Pereira (1715-1780) Introduced the idea that persons who were deaf could be taught to communicate. Develop an early form of sign language. Provided inspiration and encouragement for the work of...

Pioneering Contributors to the development of Special Education Jacob Rodrigues Pereira (1715-1780) Introduced the idea that persons who were deaf could be taught to communicate. Develop an early form of sign language. Provided inspiration and encouragement for the work of Itard and Seguin. Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) A reform-minded French physician who was concerned with the humanitarian treatment of individuals with mental illness. Strongly influenced the later work of Itard. Jean- Marc Gaspard Itard (1775-1838) A French doctor who secured lasting fame due to his systematic efforts to educate an adolescent thought to be severely intellectually disabled. Recognized the importance of sensory stimulation. Thomas Gallaudet (1787-1851) Taught children with hearing impairments to communicate via a system of manual signs and symbols. Establish the first institution for individuals with deafness in the United States. Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-1876) An American physician and educator accorded international fame due to his success in teaching individuals with visual and hearing impairments. Founded the first residential facility for the blind and was instrumental in inaugurating institutional care for children with intellectual disabilities. Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802- 1887) A contemporary of S. G. Home, Dix was one of the first Americans to champion better and more humane treatment of people with mental illness. Instigated the establishment of several institution for individual with mental disorder. Louis Braille (1809-1852) A French educator, who himself was blind, who develop a tactile system of reading and writing for people who were blind. His system, based on a code of six embossed dots, is still used today. This standardized code is known as standard English Braille. Edouard Seguin (1812-1880) A pupil of Itard, Seguin was a French physical responsible for developing teaching methods for children with intellectual disabilities. His training program emphasized sensorimotor activities. After immigrating to the United States, he helped found the organization that was a forerunner of the American Association on intellectual and Development Disabilities. Francis Galton (1822-1911) Scientist concerned with individual differences. As a result of studying eminent persons, he believed that genius is solely the result of hereditary. Those with superior abilities are born, not made. Alfred Binet (1857-1911) A French psychologist, Binet authored the first development assessment scale capable of qualifying intelligence. Also originated the concept of mental age with his colleague Theodore Simon. Lewis Terman (1877-1956) An American educator and psychologist who revised Binet’s original assessment. The result was the publication of the Standard –Binet Intelligence Scale. Terman develop the notion of intelligence qoutient (IQ). Also famous for lifelong study of gifted individuals. Credited as being the grandfather of gifted education.