Spec 5 Reviewer Finals PDF

REVIEWER FOR QUIZ Documentation and Analysis - Assists in the documentation, analysis, and planning of enterprise Zachman’s Framework...

REVIEWER FOR QUIZ Documentation and Analysis - Assists in the documentation, analysis, and planning of enterprise Zachman’s Framework Enterprise Architecture - Widely recognized method for organizing and structuring enterprise architecture - Provides a basis for organizing and aligning the - Comprehensive and structured approach for IT infrastructure with business strategies understanding and designing. System Design John Zachman - Support the design of systems by defining what - Who design Zachman’s framework. information, process, and technologies are necessary Planner (Scope) Project Management - Describes the business purpose and strategy defining the playing field for the other views. - Helps in planning, managing, and monitoring large-scale IT projects by ensuring alignment Owner (Enterprise Model) with business goals and requirements - Reveals which parts of the enterprise can be IT Governance automated - Facilitates decision-making about technology Designer (System Model) investments and resource allocations - Outlines how the system will satisfy the organization’s information needs Implementer (Technology Model) - Representation of how the system will be implemented while addressing production constraints. Subcontractor (Detailed Representation) - Detailed implementation-level view where actual systems or components are constructed. Functioning Enterprise (Actual System) - The actual running system its performance and operations. Holistic View - Provides a comprehensive enterprise-wide view of the system. Alignment of IT and business - Helps bridge the gap between business goals and IT system Clear Communication - Establishes a common language  ENUMERATION 6 Rows of the Framework Planner (Scope) Owner (Enterprise Model) Designer (System Model) Implementer (Technology Model) Subcontractor (Detailed Representation) Functioning Enterprise (actual System) 6 Column of the Framework What (data) How (Function) Where (Network) Who (Stakeholders) When (Time) Why (Motivation) Purpose and Benefits of the Framework Holistic View Alignment of IT and business Clear Communication Documentation and Analysis Applications Enterprise Architecture System Design Project Management IT Governance Object Oriented Modeling and Design System Analysis - is a powerful approach to software - Decompose the system into smaller, more development that leverages the principles of manageable components. object-oriented programming. Object Identification - involves analyzing and designing applications, systems, or businesses by applying object- - Identify the key objects and classes that will be oriented concepts and visual modeling part of the system based on the analysis throughout the development lifecycle Designing Classes Objects - Define classes with their attributes and methods - Instances of classes that represent real-world entities. Each object has attributes (data) and Establish Relationships behaviors (methods/functions) - A class should have one, and only one, reason to Classes change. - Blueprints for creating objects. They define the Modeling with UML properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods) - Utilize the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to that the objects created from the class will have. create visual representations of the system. Encapsulation Single Responsibility Principle - Bundling of data (attributes) and methods - A class should have one, and only one, reason to (functions) that operate on the data into a single change unit (class). It also restricts direct access to some of the object's components Open/Closed Principle Inheritance - Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification. - A mechanism where one class (child/subclass) inherits the properties and behaviors of another Liskov Substitution Principle class (parent/superclass). It promotes code - : Objects of a superclass should be replaceable reuse and hierarchical classifications with objects of a subclass without affecting the Polymorphism correctness of the program - Allows objects of different classes to be treated Interface Segregation Principle as objects of a common superclass. It enables a - Many client-specific interfaces are better than single interface to represent different one general-purpose interface underlying forms (data types) Dependency Inversion Principle Abstraction - Depend on abstractions, not on concrete - This simplifies complex systems by modeling implementations classes appropriate to the problem, and working at the most relevant level of inheritance Solid Principle Requirement Analysis - Set of design principles to create more understandable, flexible, and maintainable - Identify and document the system requirements systems from stakeholders.  ENUMERATION 6 Key Concepts of Object-Oriented Modeling and Design Objects Classes Encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphism Abstraction 6 Design Process Requirement Analysis System Analysis Object Identification Designing Classes Establish Relationships Modeling with UML 5 Design Principle Single Responsibility Principle Open/Closed Principle Liskov Substitution Principle Interface Segregation Principle Dependency Inversion Principle 5 importance of Object-Oriented Modeling and Design Enhanced Project Management Effective Design and Planning Risk Management Cost Efficiency Maintenance and Lifecycle Management  FINAL EXAM REVIEWER Data Warehouse - refers to a place where data can be stored for useful mining. It is like a quick computer system Data Mining with exceptionally huge data storage capacity. - Refers to the analysis of data - Built to store a huge amount of historical data - It is the computer-supported process of and empowers fast requests over all the data, analyzing huge sets of data that have either typically using Online Analytical Processing been compiled by computer systems or have (OLAP) and comparing data consolidated from been downloaded into the computer. multiple heterogenous sources can provide - It can help them to develop more effective insight into the performance of a company. marketing strategies, increase sales, and decrease costs. - relies on effective data collection, warehousing, and computer processing - the computer analyzes the data and extract useful information from it. It looks for hidden patterns within the data set and try to predict future behavior. Data mining is primarily used to discover and indicate relationships among the data sets Classification Hierarchies ENUMERATION - The goal is to work from an existing set of 4 Important Features events or transactions to create a hierarchy of It utilizes the Automated discovery of patterns classes It predicts the expected results Clustering It focuses on large data sets and databases It creates actionable information. - A given population of events or items can be partitioned (segmented) into sets of “similar” elements 4 Advantages of Data Mining Association Rules Market Analysis - These rules correlate the presence of a set of Financial market Analysis items with another range of values for another Fraud Detection set of variables Optimization Sequential Pattern 4 Types of Data Mining - A sequence of actions or events is sought. Classification Hierarchies Detection of sequential patterns is equivalent to Clustering detecting associations among events with Association Rules certain temporal relationships. Sequential Pattern 3 Types of Data Warehouse Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) Operation Data Store (ODS) Data Mart Database Management System Metadata Catalog - Software system for creating and managing - Sometimes called a system catalog or database databases dictionary - enables end user to create, protect, read, - functions as a repository for all the database update, and delete data in a database. its objects that have been created. security, also manages data integrity, and Database Access Language concurrency for databases - must also provide an API to access the data, Administration Task typically in the form of a database access - A DBMS supports many typical database language that can be used to modify data but administration tasks, including change also create database objects and secure and management, performance monitoring and authorize access to the data tuning, security, and backup and recovery. Optimization Engine Storage - used to parse database access language - A DBMS provides efficient data storage and requests and turn them into actionable retrieval by ensuring that data is stored in commands accessing and modifying data. tables, rows and columns Lock Manager Concurrency Control - ensure multiple users are not trying to modify n environments where multiple users access and modify the simultaneously the database simultaneously, a DBMS guarantees Log Manager controlled transaction execution to prevent data corruption or inconsistency - used to ensure that log records are made efficiently and accurately. Centralized View Data Utilities - A DBMS can limit what data end users see and how they view the data, providing many views - provides a set of utilities for managing and of a single database schema controlling database activities. Data Independence Reporting and Monitoring Tolls - offers both logical and physical data - offer enhanced functionality for managing and independence to protect users and applications analyzing data. Reporting tools generate from having to know where data is stored or reports, whereas monitoring tools track various from being concerned about changes to the database metrics, such as resource physical structure of data consumption and user activity Backup and Recovery RDMS - facilitates backup and recovery options by - presents data as rows in tables with a fixed creating backup copies so that data can be schema and relationships defined by values in restored to a consistent state key columns Storage Engine NewSQL DBMS - This basic element of a DBMS is used to store - is engineered as a relational, SQL database data system with a distributed, fault-tolerant architecture. In-Memory DBMS 6 Types and Examples of DBMS Technologies - can provide faster response times and better RDBMS performance but can consume more resources NewSQL DBMS In-Memory DBMS Columnar DBMS Columnar DBMS - stores data in tables focused on columns instead Multimodal DBMS of rows, resulting in more efficient data access Cloud DBMS when only a subset of columns is required. Multimodal DBMS Benefits of Using DBMS - This system supports more than one database model. Data Integrity and Concurrency Central Storage Cloud DBMS Data Sharing and Redundancy - Built-in and accessed through the cloud, this Logical and Structural Organization of Data type of DBMS can be any type including Data Backup and Recovery relational or NoSQL and a conventional system Multiple Views that is deployed and managed by a user System Modification organization or a managed service provided by the database vendor. Drawbacks of DBMS High Investment and Maintenance Costs ENUMERATION Expertise Requirement Complexity Security Vulnerabilities 6 Common Function that DBMS Performs Administration Task Storage Concurrency Control Centralized View Data Independence Backup and Recovery 9 Components of a DBMS Storage Engine Metadata Catalog Database Access Language Optimization Engine Query Processor Lock Manager Log Manager Data Utilities Reporting and Monitoring Tools