Judaism and Revelation PDF

+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **JUDAISM and | **JUDAISM and sin** | **JUDAISM | | revelation** | | and repentance** | | |  Jewish belief in | | |  G\...

+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **JUDAISM and | **JUDAISM and sin** | **JUDAISM | | revelation** | | and repentance** | | |  Jewish belief in | | |  G\_d reveals | the fallibility of |  The sinful nature | | himself to Jews | humanity is expressed | of humanity requires | | through prophets such | in the story of Adam | Jews to repent | | as Abraham and Moses | and Eve's and their | (atone) for sins so | | | \'original\' sin. | as to reconcile with | |  G\_d reveals | | G\_d/covenant and | | himself to Jews |  To sin is to stray. | with others/society. | | through his covenants | Sin can be individual | | | with Jews. | or collective. To not |  Repentance/atonemen | | | help a stranger in | t | |  G\_d reveals | need is individual | renews/redeems favour | | himself to Jews | sin. For a country to | with G\_d/covenant | | primarily through the | pollute its waters, | and others in | | Torah with its 613 | or turn away refugees | society. It brings | | mitzvot given to | is collective sin.  | redemption. | | Moses on Mt Sinai. | | | | |  Humans are gifted |  G\_d is just and | |  Jewish life is | with free will; | merciful to those who | | based on Mosaic law. | freedom to choose | repent. So too should | | Jews must pass G\_d's | God's instructions or | Jews  be just and | | laws to their | their own selfish, | merciful to others. | | children. Be an | unrighteous desires. | | | example to all | To sin is to freely |  Yom Kippur is the | | humanity of virtuous | choose to stray from | most important | | living. | what is just and | holiday in Jewish | | | right according to | calendar. It is the | |  As the pinnacle of | G\_d. | Day of Atonement - | | G\_d\'s creation and | | Jews must fast, pray, | | made in his image |  Thinking/acting | repent sins of past | | (Imagio Dei), Jews | according to one's | year. | | are co-creators with | own selfish desires, | | | G\_d and have an | and not according to |  repentance as | | obligation to repair | revelation/Torah is | achieved through | | the world (tikkum | sinful and separates | charity to others, | | olam). | Jews from G\_d's love | through fasting and | | | and his Covenant. | through prayer to | | | | G\_d.  | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **JUDAISM and free | **JUDAISM and divine | **JUDAISM | | will** | & human justice** | and sanctity of | | | | life** | |  G\_d gave humanity |  G\_d's divine | | | the gift of free will | justice teaches Jews |  Sanctity of human | | to choose how he | about how to conduct | life is derived from | | might fulfil his | social justice: to | the belief that all | | life. Freedom is a | grant mercy and | people get 'breath of | | universal, | forgiveness to the | life' from G\_d. All | | unalienable human | repentant. | human lives are | | right. Without free | Through tikkun olam J | equal- of same value. | | will, humans cannt be | ews | | | held responsible for | have a |  Human life is | | their actions. | social responsibility | created in image and | | | to \'repair | likeness of G\_d, | |  Adam and Eve were | the world\'. Human | therefore people have | | free in the Garden of | justice proceeds from | the capacity to act | | Eden, but with | G\_d\'s justice, as | with agape love to | | freedom comes | humans share in | others | | temptation to sin. | G\_d\'s intellectual | | | Freedom must be used | and moral nature. |  Human lives are | | responsibly. | | therefore sacred -- | | |  Jews believe that | they come from G\_d, | |  G\_d gave humanity | how we treat others | and belong to G\_d. | | the freedom to have | is the measure for | Disrespecting/injurin | | dominion over the | how G\_d will treat | g/taking | | earth = | us. If we give | human life is a | | responsibility to | blessings/charity/res | violation of G\_d. | | care for gift of | pect | Preserving human life | | creation (including | to others, God will | is the \#1 moral | | people) | bless/gift/have mercy | priority for Jews | | | on us. | (*Pikuach nefesh).* | |  Jews are free to | | | | live according to the |  As G\_d freed and |  Each human life is | | Mosaic covenant or to | fed the Jews in the | special and unique. | | live outside of | Egyptin exile, and | | | G\_d's | looked after them | | | revelation/instructio | during the Babylonian | | | ns. | exile, so Jews too | | | | must Jews have social | | | | justice for | | | | foreigners and | | | | strangers in their | | | | land. | | | | | | | |  As G\_d freed the | | | | enslaved/oppressed | | | | Jews from Egypt, so | | | | too must Jews give | | | | charity to the poor | | | | and needy. G\_d\'s | | | | justice is | | | | communicated through | | | | the 613 mitzvot. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **JUDAISM and tikkum | **JUDAISM |   | | olam** | and tzedakah** | | | | | | |  Toward the end of |  the Jewish concept | | | Genesis Chapter 1, | of tzedakah loosely | | | God obligates | translates as | | | humanity (ie. Jews) | \'charity\'. It is | | | to work to \'protect | part of the mitzvot | | | the world\', to | of *gemilut | | | improve the world. | khasadim* to care for | | | Jewish rabbis | all people (not just | | | interpret this as | Jews); to visit and | | | \'God creating a | comfort the sick; to | | | world that was meant, | rejoice with those | | | from the start, to be | who are blessed; to | | | improved by | extend hospitality to | | | humanity\'. He made | the needy. To take on | | | human beings in His | any expense and | | | image and likeness so | trouble to save the | | | that they would be | life of a neighbour, | | | co-creators, like | and to return lost | | | Him, capable of | objects to their | | | undertaking this | rightful owners. | | | completion. | | | | |  Tzedakah is part of | | |  In this way human | tikkun olam, as it is | | | beings (or Jews) are | about seeking, | | | obliged to undertake | restoring and | | | tikkun olam, to | preserving justice in | | | \'repair the world\' | the world.  | | | so as to make it a | | | | place of justice for |  Jews are expected | | | all its inhabitants. | to give tzedakah | | | Tikkun olam obligates | according to his or | | | Jews to do what is | his means, and to | | | right and good, fair | address the social | | | and just for their | structures that cause | | | fellow Man. | injustice. | | | | | | |  Tikkun olam is | | | | social action in the | | | | pursuit of social | | | | justice for all. To | | | | fix what is wrong | | | | with and in the | | | | world.   | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **CHRISTIANITY | **CHRISTIANITY and | **CHRISTIANITY & | | and revelation** | incarnation** | resurrection** | | | | | |  God is revealed |  The uniquely |  God raised Jesus | | primarily through the | Christian belief that | from the dead on the | | person of Jesus | Jesus is God | morning of Easter | | Christ. Jesus is | incarnated (made of | Sunday, three days | | God's supreme | flesh) in human form. | after his suffering | | revelation: God 'made | | and death | | flesh' (incarnate) in |  Jesus was fully | | | the form of Jesus | human and fully |  God will also raise | | Christ. | divine (Son of God) | humans from the dead | | | at the same time. | to eternal life with | |  God is also | Jesus is the teacher | God/Jesus. | | revealed in the | and the role model of | | | Gospel, which, | how to treat other |  Resurrection is the | | through divine | human\'s. | gift/promise of | | inspiration, is | | baptism and faith in | | the witness to |  The Beatitudes are | God. Rise from death | | Jesus\' life. | God\'s instructions, | in the water, to life | | | via Jesus, of how to | with God | |  Jesus reveals 'the | \'love your | | | Father's' will for | neighbour\'. |  Through | | his kingdom on earth | | resurrection people | | |  Jesus said \'I come | return to God who | | | that you may have | gave them life and | | | life and have it | the promise of | | | abundantly\'. Through | salvation after death | | | the incarnation every | | | | human body is | | | | sanctified and | | | | capable of | | | | resurrection, so | | | | every human body is | | | | god-like. | | | | | | | |  People are flesh | | | | animated by spirit. | | | | Holy Spirit dwells in | | | | each person. Humans | | | | are 'God's hands' on | | | | earth. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **CHRISTIANITY | **CHRISTIANITY | **ISLAM & Revelation | | and salvation** | and human dignity** | to Prophet** | | | | | |  Salvation comes |  Human dignity is |  Allah's commands to | | from God's grace. It | derived from the | Muslims are revealed | | is eternal spiritual | belief that human | in the Qur'an as | | life in God's loving | life is created by | recited to the | | presence after death | God in his image and | Prophet Muhammad by | | of the body | likeness. | the archangel Jibreel | | | | (Gabriel). The Quran | |  God's gift of |  Human dignity | is necessary and | | salvation was won for | reflects the sacred | complete; everything | | humanity through the | nature of human life. | required to uphold | | loving suffering and | Everyone is your | human rights is | | sacrifice of His son, | neighbour (Good | contained within it.  | | Jesus. | Samaritan parable), | | | | so \"love each other |  This divine | |  The promise of | as I have loved you\" | recitation to the | | salvation is secured | (Jesus). | 'Great Prophet' is | | through faith in | | supplemented by the | | Jesus/God and through |  All people have | Hadith (the actions | | life-giving | equal dignity because | and sayings of | | relationships with | we are all equal | Muhammad during his | | others. | before God. | life). | | | | | |  Repentance for |  Respect for the |  Muhammad is the | | sinful thoughts and | dignity of others = | greatest of a line of | | actions secures | respect for life = | Abrahamic prophets, | | salvation, salvation | respect for the giver | incl. Moses and Isa | | flows from right | of life = God | (Jesus), who have | | relationships with | | revealed God's | | God and with others. |  Respect for the | commands. | | | dignity of others = | | |  Salvation in the | \"Love one anther as |  Humanity is the | | aim of a Christian | I have loved you\". | pinnacle of Allah\'s | | life. Christianity | This is the New | cosmic order. All | | has an eschatological | Covenant that God | human\'s are | | worldview, we will be | established with | commanded to behave | | held accountable for | humanity, that we | in an Allah-like | | our actions at the | agape love/respect | manner. | | judgement after | each person\'s innate | | | death. Belief in | dignity. | | | resurrection and | | | | salvation drives the | | | | Christian obligation | | | | to uphold human | | | | rights. | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **ISLAM and | **ISLAM and the | **HINDUISM and | | Predestination** | greater jihad** | karma** | | | | | |  Predestination |  It is the religious |  The law of | | means 'to decide | duty of all Muslims | consequences (for the | | beforehand'. The | and is the 'struggle' | next physical life) | | Islamic term is | or 'effort' to follow | of good, bad or | | \'qadar\', referring | the will of Allah; to | neutral actions in | | to the might of Allah | advocate for justice | this physical | | and the hidden | and righteousness. | lifetime. | | secrets known only to | | | | him. |  Refers to the |  Drives the cycle of | | | efforts of a Muslim | samsara and | |  Allah decides | to live their life as | determines the extent | | certain events, such | well as possible by | of residual | | as when death will | striving against | suffering, worry or | | occur for someone, | their anti-ethical | burden at the end of | | and who will go to | tendencies/temptation | one's life that is | | Paradise or to Hell. | s. | carried forward in to | | Nothing happens | The Greater Jihad is | the next life. | | without the will of | the striggle not to | | | Allah (humans may use | stray or sin from |  Is determined by | | free will to | Allah\'s path for | the motivation of | | temporarily deviate, | them. | one's | | but in the end | | thoughts/actions. | | Allah\'s will |  The adherent's | | | prevails). | inner spiritual |  Each | | | struggle to submit to | caste/varna/jati and | |  Allah knows all | Allah's will, to | ashrama has specific | | things, has power | uphold the five | actions or duties | | over all things and | pillars, to preserve | that brings karmic | | determines the fate | life, mind, society, | consequences. A life | | of all things | family, self. The | spent in selfless | | | struggle must be to | duty in accordance | |  Muslims must submit | use your actions and | with your assigned | | to Allah's will by | your wealth to care | caste/varna and | | accepting that the | for others and the | through | | course of events in | ummah (community). | each ashrama will | | their lives have been | | bring very good | | ordained by Allah. |  The term jihad can | karma  | | Muslims must act | be applied to the | | | according to how | struggle to *defend | | | their life plays out, | Islam* against an | | | being obediant to | outside threat (this | | | Allah\'s will. | is the lesser jihad). | | | Muslims are | | | | accountable for their |  Also refers to the | | | choices and actions. | struggle to build a | | | | good Muslim society | | | | (ummah) and upholding | | | | human rights. Satan | | | | is an influencing | | | | factor in Islam, and | | | | the struggle to | | | | oppose Satan for the | | | | sake of human rights | | | | is obligatory. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **HINDUISM | **HINDUISM and | **HINDUISM and | | and samsara** | moksha** | reincarnation** | | | | | |  refers to the cycle |  Refers to the |  Human life is a | | of repeated | release/liberation of | seemingly endless | | rebirth/reincarnation | the Self/Atman from | cycle of life, death, | | within the reality of | samsara, the cycle of | rebirth and re-death, | | the created world, | rebirth impelled by | as the atman strives | | and is driven by the | the law of karma | to achieve unity with | | law of karma | | Brahman | | |  The aim of Hindu | | |  to 'wander through' | life, it brings |  The atman/soul | | repeated cycles of | freedom from mental, | transmigrates into a | | life, death and | physical and | new body after the | | rebirth in the | spiritual care | death of the previous | | created world, due to | | body. Cremation | | karmic consequences |  The point of | releases the atman | | | cessation from worry | from the body. | |  May involve | and the problems of | | | hundreds of millions | life such as greed, |  Reincarnation is | | of lifetimes in the | anger, dependency and | driven by the law of | | reality of the | unresolved duty or | karma. The number of | | created world, in the | obligation | incarnations is | | pursuit of moksha | | determined by an | | |  The now-pure | individual's | |  This life = one of | soul/atman merges | adherence to dharma. | | many stretching back | with Brahman, the | | | before recent birth | creative and |  The atman has many | | into past existences, | sustaining force of | incarnations of | | and reaching forwards | the Universe | caste, jati, and | | beyond next death | | ashrama through which | | into future | | to selflessly serve | | incarnations | | Brahman and humanity. | | | | | |  Reflects Hindu | | | | belief in the | | | | constant rebirth of | | | | created elements | | | | within the broader | | | | Universe | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **BUDDHISM and | **BUDDHISM and | **BUDDHISM | | reincarnation** | karma** | and dharma** | | | | | |  Human life is a |  Karma is universal |  The teachings of | | seemingly endless | law of cause and | the Buddha | | cycle of life, death, | effect. It is the | (Siddhartha Gautama) | | rebirth and re-death, | conservation of moral | recorded in the Pali | | as a person's | energy. | Canon, esp. Four | | consciousness strives | | Noble Truths and | | toward nirvana |  Because people | Eightfold Path | | | have consciousness, | | |  Consciousness | they can change their | The Four Noble | | transmigrates into a | karma. It operates | Truths: | | new body after the | without intervention | | | death of previous | by any god/external | 1\. that all life | | body, with the aim to | agency | involves suffering | | further liberate it | | (duhkha) | | from greed, anger and |  As we sow, we reap | | | ignorance | somewhere/sometime, | 2\. Suffering comes | | | in this life or in a | from ignorance, | |  Reincarnation is | future birth. What we | desire/greed/attachme | | driven by the law of | reap today is what we | nt, | | karma. The number of | have sown either in | and anger. | | incarnations is | present or in past. | | | determined by an | | 3\. Suffering can be | | individual's |  Any *intentional* a | eliminated (hence | | adherence to dharma. | ction- | the ability to | | | mental, verbal, or | achieve Nirvana) | |  In life, all things | physical- is regarded | | | change and are | as karma. It covers | 3\. Suffering is | | impermanent. | all thoughts, words | eliminated by | | Conscious focus upon | and deeds. | cultivating the | | compassion and | | Middle Path or the | | understanding reduces | | Noble Eightfold | | this change | | Path. | | | | | | | | The Eightfold Path | | | | \*developing right | | | | actions, \*right | | | | livelihoods, \*right | | | | speech, \*right | | | | intentions, \*right | | | | concentration, | | | | \*right effort, | | | | \*right mindfulness, | | | | \*right view. | | | | | | | |  This dharma is the | | | | divine order of | | | | things | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **BUDDHISM | **BUDDHISM and | **BUDDHISM and | | and samsara** | nirvana** | HINDUISM and ahimsa** | | | | | |  The cycle of |  Literally |  Ahimsa is a | | perpetual flux, | meaning 'blowing | sanskrit word meaning | | derived from and | out', it is the | non-violence (Himsa | | similar to the Hindu | religious goal of | means violence). | | concept of samsara | Buddhists to achieve | | | | this state of |  Ahimsa is one of | |  Designates the | Nothingness (or | the highest dharmas | | entire cycle of | Enlightenment) | of Hinduism, as it is | | transmigration of the | | a duty/obligation for | | Self through many |  Equivalent to Hindu | every Hindu to | | lives, due to | 'moksha', it is the | actively contribute | | residual attachment | point of Buddhist | to maintaining the | | to worldly concerns | liberation from the | harmony of society, | | | created world with | so that it comes to | |  So long as | its endless | reflect the divine | | suffering still | incarnations of | harmony of the cosmic | | afflicts the Self, | suffering and | order. An atman that | | the flux/cycle of | attachment | promotes ahimsa is | | life, death and | | akin to the divine | | rebirth continues |  Marks the complete | nature of Brahman. | | | detachment of the | Even a | | | Self/Consciousness | warrior/kshatriya who | | | from all desire and | fights | | | from all material | dispassionately to | | | things in life | protect his society | | | | from unrighteousness | | |  Is achieved through | is said to uphold | | | the complete | ahimsa. | | | realization of the | | | | Middle Path: the |  Ahimsa for | | | Eightfold Path | Buddhists is related | | | | to right conduct and | | | | right mindfulness. | | | | Both are pathways to | | | | reduce suffering for | | | | self and others. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+