Globalization and Identity PDF

UNIT 1 NOTES GLOBALIZATION AND IDENTITY Identity-is a set of characteristics by which a person is definitively recognizable. Individual Identity- Traits that reflect a person’s sense of individuality Collective identity-Combination of beliefs , values and views of history and language of a people....

UNIT 1 NOTES GLOBALIZATION AND IDENTITY Identity-is a set of characteristics by which a person is definitively recognizable. Individual Identity- Traits that reflect a person’s sense of individuality Collective identity-Combination of beliefs , values and views of history and language of a people. Globalization influences our collective identity as it allows us to connect/belong to other groups we may have not associated with due to barriers of language, geography and ethnic diversity You can protest , through internet affirm and protect your identity in a globalizing world Westernization, colonization , homogenization are threats to our identity in a globalizing world Our identities are dynamic because of how we express ourselves and our contact with other collectives. Pluralism- society made up of many groups ; that not only depend on immigration but encourage those who come here to retain their cultural identities while becoming Canadians. IDENTITY AND FORCES OF GLOBALIZATION Globalization- is the process that is making the world increasingly more interdependent. 4 Dimensions- Economic Globalization, Social Globalization, Political Globalization, Environmental Globalization Economic Globalization: Spread of trade , transportation and communication systems around the world with the interests of promoting worldwide commerce. Deepening financial interdependence globally. TNCs- Companies that operate in more than one country and wield enormous power due to their size and far reaching trade networks. PROS, CONS- buying and selling or products, trade , job creation, resource extraction & manufacturing & service & information are global, technology connects employees and services worldwide CRITISMS- 1.Big companies will misuse their power to get more rich 2.Exploitation of wages and safety 3.Jobs created by TNCs are mcjobs which require less skill and there is very less opportunity for advancement. 4.Host countries derive minimal profit made by the companies because all the profit goes to the country where it is headquartered and the host country may be negatively impacted(environment) Containerization The Good-Increase in volume which means greater selection and cheaper prices, the goods are protected from the environment and are safe, It prevents theft since the goods are locked in a container until they don’t reach their destination. Containerization The bad-Great cost to the environment(takes up a lot of fuel), Local Canadian businesses would be hurt, Might lead a movement to buy local Social Globalization: An expansion of human interactions and global connections influencing rest of the world to share their ideas and culture. Interactions between nations of the world through trade or other kinds of connection, change cultures or even identities. Communication Technology to made it a=easier for people to access to information on what’s happening would the world (events and news). Media Concentration- A process where ownership of different types of media are given into the hands of a few large corporations. Media convergence- concept which refers to the use of electronic technology to integrate media such as newspapers, books, television, internet (ex, Telus) Cons- Harder to access for older people, monopolization, More bias, Less diverse points of view, profit driven and fake news Media Bias- Bias by word, Omission Bias, Data Bias, Inclusion Bias, Influencer Bias, Bias by Images Political Globalization: Process by which political decisions and actions are becoming increasingly interdependent. Characterized by international agreements and global alliances. Impacts the level of cooperation states have with each other. Criticisms- richer countries take advantage and use their power and wealth over poorer countries, successes or failures of nation impacts other nations. Issues- Free trade/trade agreements, Territorial sovereignty, Relief efforts TNCs put pressure on the government to relax their laws about safety, employment standards or even pollution laws. Governments of developing countries may be overpowered by governments of developed countries for the sake of capitalism. Environmental Globalization: Common interests of nations addressing ecological factors that cannot be limited by geographic borders. 4 Forces Contributing To Expansion Of Globalization: 1.Communication Technology: Technological Convergence- one piece of technology does many things 2.Trade- To obtain goods and services not available in your region, better quality, less expensive. 3.Transportation-Globalization requires that parts of specific products are shipped cheaply and in a timely manner 4.Communication Technology/Media-commercials/ads, celebrities/endorsements, commercialization of news; access to global news, online newspapers INDENTITY, THE MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Digital Divide- Gap that separates people who have access to up to date technology and those who don’t Propaganda- Ideas and information spread for the purpose of achieving a specific goal Pop culture-Refers to the current cultural trends spread through the commercial mass media Universalization-spread of cultures, trends and ideas around the world Communication Technology- The processes, tools and techniques required to transmit data from one person or device to another. In 1972, Canada launched a satellite called ANIK-1, which helped the APTN(Aboriginal Peoples Television Network) to create nationwide television service for Aboriginal people. This helped the indigenous people to affirm their identity and culture and share it nationally and internationally. Techno Isolation-some people believe that technology promotes social isolation. Technology enables people to access to variety of info however doing this can reduce our sense of community. Universalization Of pop Culture-Production by media transnationals of the majority of television, films ext. which are viewed by a vast world audience. Leads to homogenization since most people are viewing the same culture. Impact of Media Transnationals- 1.Concentration of media ownership has lead to a drastic reduction in independent media companies. 2.These companies are wealthy and shape much of pop culture 3.Critics argue that our cultural diversity is being extinguished and pop culture is being universalized Opportunities of media Transnationals-Have large financial and human resources to create media, employ thousands, can use their control of media to express different diverse viewpoints and people enjoy the media products. Challenges of media transnationals-Have too much control over world culture, whose views are represented?(biased), smaller diverse media cannot compete, They do not promote diversity, forces a universalization of pop culture Stereotype-biased notion especially about a group of people. The media uses stereotypes as an easy way to define characters in ways that are easy for people to identify and characterize. Hybridization-Mixing of cultures and identities Pros-Creates creative possibilities to counter the universalization of a culture Cons-We risk losing our distinct and diverse cultures and identities. AFFIRMING IDENTITY, LANGUAGE AND CULTURE Anglophone-English speaker(first language) Francophone-French Speaker(First language) Allophone-Resident whose mother tongue is neither French nor English. Indigenous Languages-70, most popular is Cree, Ojibwe, Oji-Cree. 1971, Canada became the first country to adopt multiculturalism as an official government policy. Official Bilingualism- gives equal status to English and French, including rights to education Bill 101(1977)-French Language Charter -Made French the official language of Quebec -Strict rules of use of English, hence controversial topic Factors that influence the decline of a language-Is there education available in that language?, Can the speaker make money using the language?, Do speaker of that language have access to internet and media in their language? Linguistic Identity-you consider yourself to be part of a certain group based on the shared language that you speak. It is part of your collective identity-how you communicate with other people. The challenge of globalization lies in the dominance of English particularly the power of Americanization in pop culture. Cultural Content Laws-Protects a groups culture from being assimilated through controlling national content. In Canada, CRTC controls, regulates and determines how much of Canadian content must be broadcasted to preserve Canadas cultural identity by ensuring Canadians hear Canadian voices and stories. CRTC(Canadian Radio and Telecommunication Commission) -protects Canadian culture -30% of media on radio must be Canadian and 60% of programming on Canadian TV shows must be Canadian -Supervises the expansion of media companies- can block buyouts and merges -Approves new channels, radio stations and cell phone service Canada is a pluralistic society. Cultural pluralism in Canada can be represented by sets of policies oriented to achieve 2 goals: Survival of ethnic groups and cultures(multiculturalism), Guaranteeing full equality of opportunity to all citizens(non discriminating) Assembly of First Nations-National Advocacy Organization representing First Nations, includes over 900000 people living in 634 First Nation communities. First nation Leaders(chiefs) direct the work of AFN through resolutions passed at chief assemblies held at least 2 a year. AFN also includes Council of Woman & National Youth Council La Francophonie-group of 88 members states & governments from 5 different continents sharing French as a common language. Goals of La Francophonie- 1.Promote French language, culture and linguistic identity 2.Promote peace, democracy and human rights 3.Promote education, training, high education and research 4.Develop cooperation aimed to support sustainable development UNESCO(United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization)-includes 191 member states, one of largest organization promoting cultural diversity. Goals of UNESCO: 1.seek to build peace through international cooperation in education, sciences and culture 2.Builds educational tool to help people live as global citizens free of hate. Ensure every child and citizen has access to quality education by promoting cultural heritage. Fosters scientific programmes and policies for development and cooperation.