Socialization and Enculturation PDF

 SOCIALIZATION and ENCULTURATION  SOCIALIZATION refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture. MEAD and the DEVELOPMENT of the SOCIAL MIND (SELF) The ‘self’ is a sociological concept. According to Ge...

 SOCIALIZATION and ENCULTURATION  SOCIALIZATION refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture. MEAD and the DEVELOPMENT of the SOCIAL MIND (SELF) The ‘self’ is a sociological concept. According to George Herbert Mead, it develops through social interactions – a set of situations where individuals learn to assume roles and meet the increasing level of complexity of each  PREPARATORY STAGE PLAY STAGE The child takes different roles he The child starts with or she observes in “adult” society, mimicking behaviors and and plays them out to gain an actions of significant others understanding of the different around him or her. social roles. GAME STAGE GENERALIZED OTHERS Organization begins and definite The individual understands personalities start to emerge. what kind of behavior is The child must take the role of expected or appropriate in everyone involve in the game. different social settings.  STATUS IDENTITY ROLES  IDENTITY  The qualities, behavior, values, beliefs, personality, looks and/or expressions that make a person;  It is a collective process;  It is flexible and can therefore change according to situations and circumstances. Factors that contribute to change are: a. Environment from societies, groups, or b. Context other identities that it interacts with c. Expectations IDENTITY FORMATION: THREE MAJOR PERSPECTIVES Roles assigned to Identity individuals Theory Group membership and acceptance by the group Social Identity Theory Personal Identity Personal characteristics Theory of an individual IDENTITY FORMATION: THREE MAJOR PERSPECTIVES IDENTITY THEORY - focuses on the roles people occupy in society and how these roles shape their self-concept. It suggests that individuals define themselves based on the positions or roles they hold (e.g., parent, teacher, student) and act according to societal expectations tied to these roles. Example: A person who identifies as a teacher might adopt behaviors like being responsible, guiding others, and teaching knowledge because these are expected behaviors associated with the role of a teacher. IDENTITY FORMATION: THREE MAJOR PERSPECTIVES SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY - emphasizes the role of group membership in shaping identity. It posits that people derive part of their self- concept from the groups they belong to (e.g., ethnicity, gender, religion, nationality) and this influences their behavior, especially in relation to other groups. Example: Someone who strongly identifies as part of a specific sports team’s fanbase may develop an "us versus them" mentality, feeling pride in their team’s success and sometimes rivalry with fans of other teams. The person’s self-esteem might be closely linked to the team's performance. IDENTITY FORMATION: THREE MAJOR PERSPECTIVES PERSONAL IDENTITY THEORY - emphasizes the individual’s unique traits and experiences. This perspective focuses more on personal characteristics and attributes (e.g., personal values, personality traits, and life history) that differentiate one individual from others, rather than group affiliations or social roles. Example: A person may see themselves as creative, kind, and introverted. These personal qualities shape how they perceive themselves, regardless of their roles or group memberships. For instance, even though they may be part of a company, their personal identity as an introvert might influence their preference for working independently.