Social Determinants of Health PDF

# Determinants of Health "Health is Multi-dimensional Concept that Transcends the Mere Absence of Illness" ## Determinants of Health Definition Conditions in the social, physical and economic environment in which people are born, live, work and age, including the access to the health care. ## De...

# Determinants of Health "Health is Multi-dimensional Concept that Transcends the Mere Absence of Illness" ## Determinants of Health Definition Conditions in the social, physical and economic environment in which people are born, live, work and age, including the access to the health care. ## Determinants of Health Definition ### General socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions - Living and working conditions - Work - Unemployment - Water and sanitation - Education - Agriculture and food production ### Social and community networks - Individual lifestyle factors - Age, sex and constitutional factors - Health care services - Housing **Dahlgren and Whitehead Rainbow (1991)** ## Determinants of Health Components ### General - Socio-economic - Political - Cultural - Environmental conditions ### Living and Working Conditions - Housing - Health Care Services - Work/Unemployment - Education - Water and Sanitation - Agricultural and Food ### Social Community Network - Family Support - Participation with Governmental Processes ### Individual & Life Style Factors - Age - Sex - Constitutional Factors ## Determinants of Health Components ### General #### Cultural Health is affected by traditions and beliefs of the family community. ### General #### Socio-economic **Figure 8 Life expectancy at birth vs average annual income** | Life expectancy at birth (years) | GDP per capita (PPP $2005) | |---|---| | 90 | | | 80 | | | 70 | | | 60 | | | 50 | | | 40 | | | 30 | | | 0 | 0 | | | 5000 | | | 10,000 | | | 15,000 | | | 20,000 | | | 25,000 | | | 30,000 | | | 35,000 | | | 40,000 | | | 45,000 | | | 50,000 | - Japan - Iceland - New Zealand - Costa Rica - Malta - Cuba - Chile - Ireland - Norway - United States - United Kingdom - Bahrain - India - Russian Federation - Gabon - South Africa - Botswana - Mozambique - Swaziland ## Determinants of Health Components ### Living and Working Conditions #### Working/Unemployment Type of work may be related to occupational diseases and stress. Unemployment may be lead to financial instability, inaccessibility to health services and others. ## Determinants of Health Components ### Living and Working Conditions #### Health Care Services **Annual TB deaths per million population** | | | |---|---| | 4500 | | | 4000 | | | 3500 | | | 3000 | | | 2500 | | | 2000 | | | 1500 | | | 1000 | | | 500 | | | 0 | | | | 1840 | | | 1850 | | | 1860 | | | 1870 | | | 1880 | | | 1890 | | | 1900 | | | 1910 | | | 1920 | | | 1930 | | | 1940 | | | 1950 | | | 1960 | | | 1970 | The historical decline in tuberculosis in England and Wales, 1840 – 1970, showing the timing of critical discoveries in understanding the disease - Tubercle bacillus discovered - Chemotherapy developed - BCG vaccination ## Determinants of Health Components ### Social Community Network #### Family Support Mrs. Sulawesi lacks a supportive social network. - No communication - Alone in a strange place - Different culture and backgrounds ## Determinants of Health Components | Determinant | Health Impact | |---|---| | General Socio- economic, Cultural and Environmental | A good health will be result of: <br> - Social equality: equal access to health care. <br> - National security: economic, political and military security. <br> - Social stability. <br> - Income and social class: <br> - higher income: more access to health care, nutrition, housing, more healthy behavior and more social network. | | Living and Working Conditions | Physical environment: <br> - Safe water. <br> - Healthy Food. <br> - Clean Air <br> Food and agriculture: <br> - Tobacco farming <br> - Chemical use and pesticide use. <br> - Access and distribution of food. <br> - Food safety and food borne illness hazards: Salmonella, campylobacter, E.Coli O157, Hepatitis A and heavy metals. | | Social and community Network | Better physical and psychological wellbeing result with: <br> - Greater Support from families, friends and communities. <br> - Participation in economically and socially active activities. <br> - Participation within governmental processes. | | Individual & Life Style Factors | - Aging. <br> - Inheritance and Genetic susceptibility. <br> - Brain growth. <br> - Early life exposure to risk factors. <br> - Economic and educational level. <br> - Life style: smoking, physical activity, coping with stress and alcohol consumption. | ## Why Determinants of Health ? They are the root of the problems so it gives us what strategies should be used in HP to promote health or prevention of diseases. ## Why Determinants of Health ? Health promotion is fundamentally concerned with action and advocacy to address the full range of potentially modifiable determinants of health. ## Group Activities Ideas: **Group 1:** Write on how policy making as a determinant affects the health by giving an example of a policy with public prevention effect. **Group 2:** Write on how the environment, as a determinant, affects the health giving examples of disease or complication related to environmental exposure. **Group 3:** Write how gender affects health giving clinical examples on conditions related to the gender.