Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health Study Guide PDF

Social and BehavioralDeterminantsofHealth Topeople choosetheirownhealth ChB ofpoordietandphysicalactivityasleadingcauseofdeath combination her eatinginactivity obesity of misuse alcoholas third...

Social and BehavioralDeterminantsofHealth Topeople choosetheirownhealth ChB ofpoordietandphysicalactivityasleadingcauseofdeath combination her eatinginactivity obesity of misuse alcoholas thirdcause ofdeath useoverdosesareincreasingincauseofdeath illicitdrug Howcanpplbepersuadedtobehaveinhealthierways w politicaleconomicandmoralcontroversy Education informpubliconhealthyunhealthy behavior ett Yaattendson communitystandardi norms social approach canbedeliveredbyamedicalprofessional throughpassingand laws Regulationregulate behavior enforcing sometimesinterferes w an to riskswhealth individual'sfreedom take gives piracy 9 ning manufacturesaleand Prohibitionbanonalcohol use failure considereda wetreatcocaine hallucinogensthesamenow lawandincreaseinorganizedcrime sociallyacceptabletoflout cominationofeducationand regulationfor smoking pcausesof death EEitiiaiiian mustpromotebehavioralchange education regulation  wpsychosocialfactorsaffecthealthbehavior ch14 affected socialenvironment by behavior strongly Demographics racegendermaritalstatus status education Socioeconomic useaccessto drug care medical Ithofminoritypopulations raceethnicity essandSocialSupport contripyt.pkmiEEogy impactofstressonhealth study ofHealthBehavior chologicalModels changingtheenvironment vs individualbehavior individual vssocialenvironmentonindividualbehavior psychology sodalt physical BeliefModel Health feelsvulnerable individual interests confrontationsw powerfuleconomic b extenttowhich fi Eii ii ii gaction SelfEfficacycontroloverone'slife PHmustincrease this theoreticalModel Trans 3precontemplation 2 contemplation Eisation 5maintenance cologicalModel of intrapersonalknowledgeattitudesskills individual interpersonalfamilyfriendsand coworkers organizationalinstitutionalschoolsworkplaces IIIITy regulationsmeasuresatthelocalstateandnationalgov't IthandDiseasePreventionPrograms be theseprogramsmust foreverygenerationandnewatriskgroup repeated 1 Beliefinpersonalthreat 2Beliefinresponseefficacy 3Beliefinpersonalefficacy 4Beliefthatnewbehaviorsareconsistentwgroupnorms HealthBehavior lecture1017 halfofprematuredeathslinkedtohealth behaviors 4 ofhealthexpenditurestargethealth behaviors unhealthy behaviors practice why iiiftp.iekinnment iiiflies iaining Initiatecostsdeferred EE ei Model health cological are outcomes influenced the by interactive of characteristics individualsand environments poordietandin obacco aremajorhealthbehaviorrisks exercise of impact alcohol health isUshaped alcohol I adults highestamong young Reduction inmotorvehicleinjuriesdueto roadwayimprovements campaignsagainstdrunk driving vehicle safetyimprovements has PH tochangebehavioraroundfirearmdeaths failed education itsE policies Tobacco chis cigarettesmoking USmostsignificantPHissue isthe leading p reventable of cause death leading of cause disabilityadjusted years Epidemiologyp roved s moking as of causation c ancer and heart disease threat alsoenvironmentalhealth fit ie.int henquiitin i carcinogenicity iamtg iamoke iiiis emphysema since beenfalling rateshave smoking 19 Tobacco Lecture 1022 Tweducation major of deaths causes tobaccorelated IEfgggfar9f1w The i Iii bstance p ornia 18 chhhhhtructive disease pulmonary Limitsonsuccessful policies NewDirectionsinPolicy 33 of cardiovasculardisease ur.ae in smoke manychemicals cigarette iiia gae ftp.t ig Big in changes towards attitude smokingeversincefirstsurgeonoemraspepon.in current is rare schoolers extremely hÉ f smoking high among 30 oflifeexpectancygainatterageao.artotona.iocontrol ii.ie iYI i t i ofpreventabledeathandillness imñ cause iiiiii.ie ii i i iii tobaccoremainsgreatest PolicyChanges Polentions yay i policies lawsandRegulations i Incentives iiiin General surgeon reports iii he FI i'saustominor morehigheducationpeoplequit YYI.at smoking fghbe's Whatwaseffective Whatwasn'teffective Advertisements andusingsmokingtoreplacefood.IE healtheducation school thinstandards impossibly okefreelawsandpolicies obscurewarninglabelsonCigarette forlowtarlow ads nicotinecigarettes didntyypytpym.beter counter andmediacampaigns advertising salestominorslawsand Packag IDAAuthority bans advertising useandpurchaselaws minorspossession Tobacco of2009 Act control Ethtifico industry treatment clinical ifdoneproperly nicotine therapiesOTC replacement EEiiiineti  a go ge entalHealth discussion10121 Astateofmentalwellbeingthatenablespeopletocopewiththestressesofliferealizetheirabilitieslearnwellandworkwellandcontributetqthyon.gg Health mental odfisability causes leading mentalhealthison anontinuum healthconditions costliest andMHpromotion sympts gift'ssYantialperiodsoftime 99 3 causedysfunctiondisability 4notcausedbyanothermedicalconditionorsubstanceuse disorder MH Disparities CDC toMHandthattootherPHissues betweenattention b disparities the between 2 disparities healthofapersonwMHillnesscomparedtoonewo 3disparitiesbetweenpopulationsandqualityaccessibilityand outcomes ofMHcaresocialdeterminantsofhealth Blackand Hispanic Individualsaremore wantaMHproviderotfhe likelyto raceethnicitybackground same burdenofdisability fromMHdisorders hnicRacialminoritiesbeara disproportionatelyhigh resulting Diet Nutrition PhysicalInactivityandObesity ch16 toexcessoffoodwithnoneedtoexercise Pastcenturyaccess Americans fatter becoming Overweight cardiovasculardiseasediabetescancer etc we ObesitycalculatedthroughBMI particularlyAAs Racialdifferencesinprevalence ofoverweight alsoSES Distributionoffat healthrisks different waisttohipratio children overweightamong increasingand steadily childrenwhoare fatarelikelytobecomefatadults childrencancausepsychologicalproblems obesityamong mericans toomuchproteinandfateat eat toolittlefruitsandvegetables PHII.fiYiae campaigns Dietary forAmericans Guidelines I stillsupport suburbanlifestylenotlondusiveforPA too Wedrink muchsweetenedbeverages pedometers SocialCultural Economicfactors childrento outside wemustenhanceselfefficacyandprovidesocialsupport encourage PEclasses play PHadvocatescompetingw wellfinancedadcampaignsforattractivebutnonnutritiousfoods weneed CULTURALCHANG andoftenunavailable Fruitsandvegetablesareexpensive futurelifeexpectancymaydecreaseduetoobesity processedfoodsaremore profitable personal communityresponsibility Foodcompaniesarguethatdietisamatterofindividual choice changehabitsafter must Community basedefforts ftpSgeryefII calorie law2018 labeling difficulttochangeha geqygd.itfgnlasbeling overallpplfinditvery Taxonsugarybeverages sintax highlycontroversial paternalisticintervention health burdensonlowerincomehouseholds consumerssensitiveto price sugar toconsumerANDhealthcarerosts harmful Obesity children among combination ofdietandphysicalactivityisbestforweightloss protectionagainstheartdiseaseand PHthreat critical strokeandcancer foodregulations school toweight inadults Type 2 diabetesrelated gain 300minutesmoderateintensityactivityor150minutesvigorousactivity strength televisionandcomputersmakeitharderto reachthesegoals  g PhysicalActivityandObesity 1024 Nutrition ChronicDisease lecture firstlanguagelanguagethatemphasizesthepersonas awholeandviewsthedisorderdiseaseconditionordisabilityasonlyonepartof Person theper exThatobeseperson that has person obesity state complex Obesity ofexcessadiposetissuethatmayaffecthealthresultingfromavarietyoffactorssuchasgeneticsdietandphysicalinactivity isaPHproblem obesity because itis 1 prevalent 2serious healthandeconconsequences 3 preventableandtreatable contiiiii.itegnutrition mentalExposures Nutrition ofnutrientsthroughscurvy18ᵗʰcentury Discovery macronutrients calories energy micronutrients lemons andorangeswerethe only tocureso foods Iii NutrientRecommendations infectiousdisease recsfor Daily nutrientsdevelopedinUSin1800stopreventortreat haveDietaryReferenceIntake currently DRI agerex conditions daytostay accommodate ornutrientsindividualsshould c onsume average of amount energy per healthy iiiri.innEiiin ai analtered Folate SpinalcordDevelopmentand idveiet of ii iii ftp.in iiain NTDcord Improperclosure spinal weeksof few life Intakeisinverselyassociatedw NTDs Folate intakeoffolatefor Serviceconcludedincreased 1992 PublicHealth of females child age bearing 1996optionalfortification 1998 mandatory of fortification cerealgrainsand wheatfloor byFDA been have sincethen variousotherfortificationefforts NTDcasesdroppedafterfortification there Guidelines Dietary forAmericans DGA detailedreportforprofessionals healthpolicyresearch mostpeopleare exceedingtheir 11415 astomonitor foodintake 199 en recommendedlimits nutrition of fine Telin 19 gcertain 1990quantitate o utcomes recs nutrient PhysicalActivityGuidelines Benefits ofPA Pistfaisease margin iejiifms and anxiety 115dig fifth PP pregnancyreduces depressive symptoms andbonemassin maintains muscle aging adults MoveYour WayCampaign mostpeopleare it below their c it.ieiiiiai a iieg recommendedlimits of leverage socialand community connections physicalactivity Type2diabetes highlevelsof glucosedue blood toinsulinresistanceand defectiveproduction ofinsulin ChronicDisease riskfactorsobesityphysicalinactivitygeneticsageSESrace diabetesif screenfor 45goor haveoneormoreriskfactors econconsequences 3 preventableand and problembecauseitis 1 prevalent 2serious health treatable Type2diabetesis aPH termHealthoutcomes termandLong short iiiiitiiiii.in DiabetesPreventionProgramDPP nationwide trial randomized obeseadultsw diabetes 3200overweight pre ofnew oftype2diabetesbetween3preventiongroups comparedonset cases bBrief education placebo 2 Briefeducationdiabetespill per100persons gs metformin 3 lifestyleprogramdiet Intensive and activity physical Physicalactivity levels controlsbloodglucose 51 intervention reduction w lifestyle withoutinsulin response reduction w metformin glucoseuptake 31 Infiltrates communities ofobesitydiabetesinmanylowSESminority 19hr lifting III low white educationnon Mental Health ch19 countries not Manypeoplew MentalHealthDisordersdo seek of mostprevalentgroup illnesses mentalillnessesare indeveloped mentalillnessintheprevious treatmentdue to 17.9 ofadultsinUShada year lackofknowledge leastImentalillnessatsome 50 willdevelopat point antigma DiagnosticandStatisticalManual of MentalDisorders DSM attemptstostandardizementaldisordersinto commonlanguage treatmentused Hospitalization tobethenorm abusiveconditions individualswhomelessnesshaveamentalillness psyillsis DisturbancesofMood Disturbances ofcognition Epidemiology surveyNCS Nationalcomorbidity NationalSurveyon Drug UH UseandHealthNSD causesofmentaldisordersasproductofinteraction betweenbiologicalpsychologicalandsociologicalfactors playarole factorscan genetic environmentalfactors playasignificantrole Riskfactorsincludeindividualfamilyandcommunity Childfflogicalfactors adversepsychosocialexperiences toengageinsocialinteraction Autism severechronicdevelopmentaldisorderw severelycompromisedability Mood Disorders AD overdiagnoses EatingDisorders AnorexiaNervosa BulimiaNervosa Disorder BingeEating and Treatmentincludespsychotherapy family therapy possible hospitalization MentalHealthinAdulthood Adults Older Among includepsychotherapyandordrugs Treatments sideeffectsfromdrugtreatments beheightened can andalso interactw drugsbeing other usedfor Yt's may ofaging disorders ge Disorders Mood episin'g'therapy et Schizophrenia MentalHealthincollegestudents lecture1029 EconomicCaseforInvestinginStudentMH MHDarecommonconsequentialand untreated largely willexperienceMHDatsomepoint of leadingcause disabilitymorbiditymortality at on causeandconsequenceofphysicalhealthproblems increbased offersacritical College forintervention timeandopportunity mostMHDemerge 25 early by go preventiondetectionandtreatment livesand saves outcomes improves shushaisfaction retention 19 h duty shapes college and where howstudentsworkplayliveand healthcare recieve institutional increased Academicimpacts lowerGPAenrollmentdiscontinuityand dropout renin sent Yetiironations 10.5mil collegestudentsareexperiencingadiagnosableMHconcern refilitin students areoverwhelmed prevalence Rising CampusResponses of 19 Impact Covid stressorsisolationdisruption unprecedented fthiy.gs Yd food insecurity thousing academicimpairmentdistress promote socialnetworks protectivereducesstigmaenhayg.me barriers tocare students identify atrisk at services c ampuses studentsaccessing encouragehelp seeking tech treatmentuse screening flamians'unselors SociopoliticaleventsonMH muslimpopsduring2016election adf.ie Higherrates ofconcerns genderminoritiessexualminorities Inpersonvsdigitaltreatment torecievetreatmentinternationalstudents studentsofcolor leastlikely t.i.n collegesand betweencommunity 4yearcolleges itiita ii i ii iii Inequities worse significantly iI.ms e ions forservices availability clinicalservicesaloneareinsufficient isEmotion tegeingepygmentifi.mytarget Inequities large persistent Populationlevel thataddressrootcauses approaches andfocusonpreventionareneeded  discussion1028 onViolence issue 1ll RoleofPHinounviolencetyp.ec ae accidental injury Thithtional GunOwnershipintheUS 410adultsliveinagunowninghousehold 32 currentlyownagon gfglgicalmode.li 11 livewsomeone whoownsagu household sxliveinanouseholdwlogonsEI.tl gunowning isotatultural EE.ie arther.iafTYer raceletunicit 48xgrewupina health norms percievedneighborhood violence mental MoveFacts policy violence profley fearof hasbeenshot 44knowsomeonewho neighborhood gunin Thosew a household 3xmovelikelytodiebyhomoci.de 2xmorelikelytodiebysuicide fordomestichomocide Womenatincreasedrisk  17 njuries ch the injuriesare 3rd leading of cause deathintheUS 1causeofdeathamongpeople250yo cause yearsofpotentiallife many lostYPLL PHmustuseeducationandregulationtochangebehavior Deaths Prevention ofinjurybasedonepidemiology fg iJ patainjury ap p gigggpg ratesand Raceandgenderaffectinjury orarevery risk high gg Injuries Analyzing Primary Prevention prevent injury it before occurs Et Tent hostandenvironment Prevention characteristicsof Engineering Secondary after eventavailability Preventionconditions the of andquality emergency care Tertiary MotorVehicleInjuries Traffic NationalHighway Administration NHTSA safety setsafetystandardsforcarsledtoreductionininjuryandmortality make safer newfederal cars lawregulations 1 11 91111919 risk Alcoholistop for factor crashes twocombinedis these verydangerous topriskfactor Youthissecond oflearnerspermitw restrictions implementation limits speed highgasprices could encouragepeople todriveless IEstimatingcellphoneuse Pedestrians MotorcyclistsandBicyclists higherriskforpedestrianinjuries peopleat elderly helmetismostprotectivemeasurefor andmotorcyclists bicyclists PHenforceshelmetmandates Poisoning deaths inpoisoningkeepsincreasing legalillegaldrugsascause death of mostcommonthen cocaineandheroin opioidswere and2002dramaticincrease Between1990 in prescriptions medicallyprescribedopioidpainkillersbeing diverted forillegitimateanddangeroususes communicationandeducation better towarnaboutrisks 39 S poisoning  FirearmsInjuries Incertainstatesfirearmsaretheleadingcauseofinjuryrelateddeath Firearmdeaths due havebeendeclining to gun tougher laws control ifeng.it iilnges Violenceascriminal issue justice than rather PHissue punishment prevention rates homocide high unproportionally inus easyavailability verypoliticalduetothe secondamendent are guns opponents ofguncontroltriedtopreventtheCDCfromconductingresearchonviolence higheconomiccostofgun violence ecupationalInjuries Occupationalsafety andHealthAdministration OSHA setstandardsinspectworkplacesimposepenalties watig.it a i ii a nihard evaluation workplacesaremuchsafernowandeconomylessdependantonheavy industry TomesticViolence think ne BrainInjuries Traumatic onfatal TBIs NTB's istheleastsevereNTBI concussion risk Childrenathighest Prevention PrimarySecondary Children not insportsaremostvulnerableshould return toosoonafteraconcussion toplay over controversy athletes mostathletessufferfrom NFL diagnosedbrain under injuries lawsuits Prevention ertiary emergency medical aid Injuries PH lecture1031 injuriesarenot accidents injuriesarePHproblems behaviorandphysicaland socialenvironment socioecologicalmodel byaperson's influenced injuriesare unintentional injuries arealeadingcauseofdeathforAmericanstheleadingcauseforages144 past8years firearmdeathshaveincreasedandmotorvehicledeathsdecreasedinthe everyoneisatrisk forinjurybutnoteveryoneis atthesamerisk healthinequities samew recovery leve 11 ggpreventionbefoveitoccurs detection Secondary atearlieststagetopreventprogression Tertiary condition presentgoalistoavoiddeathorfurtherdisability already pointsforintervention Epidemiologigge OccupationalDeaths MolassesFlood1919 environment 11agent this tn ieIinsrequired certification engineer new safety regulations HonMatrixpreventionatmultiplelevelsatmultiple i ntervention points per100,000fulltimeequivalentwor deaths h 1 anangesinpoicynan i less enforcementofpolicylaw injury shiftinnatureofwork BrainInjuries Traumatic Poisoning ofnote Injuries range inseveritymild concussion 68increaseinopioiddeaths20142020 occupationaldeaths and short termsymptoms long due increased topandemic poisoningopioids 50 ofconcussions inchildrenduetosportsmfhhln.tthYest hispanicmore likely todie sport adipartnerviolenceare YYmathe a infected Vehicle Motor Injury everyone isatriskbutawareness 99 19de research hcarediffersPHsucces notabledecreasesininjuriesdueto inTBIisevolving in changes mÉÉÉn andunderreportedamongNFLplayers common roads andunderreportedinsurvivorsof common environ culturenorms social i nwomen partner Intimate violence worse