Policing & Communities Study Guide PDF

Social Problems: Policing & Communities (SOC 211) FINAL STUDY GUIDE (Key terms in italics) Major Policing Strategies  Explain the shift from reactive policing to proactive policing? What are the 4 types of proactive policing approaches?  What is pr...

Social Problems: Policing & Communities (SOC 211) FINAL STUDY GUIDE (Key terms in italics) Major Policing Strategies  Explain the shift from reactive policing to proactive policing? What are the 4 types of proactive policing approaches?  What is predictive policing? Describe 3 examples (e.g., near repeat phenomenon, predictive crime mapping, and social network analysis).  What is the theory of broken windows? What are the types of disorder? How does it relate to social control? In what ways has “broken windows” policing been effective? Problematic? Why are there community efforts to end “broken windows” policing?  What does community policing or community-oriented policing (COP) mean? What are the 3 core elements of community-oriented policing? What does research tell us about the effects of community policing? What factors complicate studying community policing effectiveness? What are the 4 dimensions of community policing and some of the core elements? Contemporary Approaches to Policing  What does the film Baltimore Rising tell us about the challenges facing contemporary policing? How is policing racialized?  How has technology in policing changed? What are the current ways that technology is being used in policing? Explain the role of technology in the shifts from reactive policing to proactive policing to predictive policing? What is crime mapping and what are some challenges? What is GIS? What is CompStat? What is geographic profiling?  What is hot spots policing? What are some of the strengths of this approach? Weaknesses? How does it fit in with other police strategies (“broken windows”, COP, POP, etc.)?  What does problem-oriented policing (POP) mean in theory and in practice? How does it relate to community-oriented policing (COP)? What is the SARA model? What conditions are needed for this strategy to be effective? What specific changes need to be made to make it more effective? How does criminological theory inform this strategy (e.g., routine-activities theory)?  What is pulling levers policing? How is it related to POP? How does criminological theory inform this strategy (e.g., deterrence theory)? Major Issues in Policing Practices  Which groups are considered vulnerable populations? How might this impact police interactions? What does therapeutic policing mean?  What are some of the reasons for greater police contact for people with mental illness? What are the models for police intervention and which model is SPD’s Crisis Intervention/Response Team? Historically what were the options for police in mental health “crisis” interactions? How have the options expanded?  What are some of the historical influences and tensions of the military in policing? What are some current military influences in municipal policing? Social Problems: Policing & Communities (SOC 211)  What did/does SWAT refer to? What were the key events that led up to the development of SWAT? How are SWAT’s being used? What are “no-knock” raids? How has SWAT suffered from mission creep? What are some constitutional issues in the rise of military policing?  What factors influence the use of excessive force (and in some cases deadly force)? What is the scope of the problem of police-involved deaths? What are the consequences of police misconduct and abuse? Reforms?  How does big data impact policing? What are the types of data (i.e., black, blue, and bright)? What are some intelligence products of data-driven policing? What are some constitutional issues around data, technology, and policing? Reforms & Oversight  What does the film Shots Fired tell us about the challenges for reforming the institution of policing around police shootings?  What are some reforms in the use of force? What roles do legal standards and legal cases play in the issue of use of force? What does de-escalation mean in policing? How is it achieved? What are the challenges of this “crisis-driven reform?”  What are some individual-level reforms to improve policing? What does EIS/EWS refer to? What are the distinct components?  What are some organizational/structural reforms to alter patterns on misconduct and reduce use of excessive force? What are some cultural reforms?  What role can citizens play in police accountability? Why don’t citizens file complaints? What are the categories of non-complainers? What role can civilians play in the review process in cases of police misconduct? What are the costs and benefits of these approaches?  What are some external mechanisms (e.g., DOJ) to increase accountability with the police?  How can police departments become more transparent and accountability to the public? What is a model for good policing (PATS model)? How can a human rights approach alter the occupational culture of policing? Why are issues of safety/protection and preservation of rights so important for a democratic society? Articles  Justin Nix “Predictive Policing”  James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling “Broken Windows”  Samual Walker “’Broken Windows’ and Fractured History”  Gary W. Cordner “Community Policing”  Meghan S. Stroshine “Technological Innovations in Policing”  William V. Pelfrey Jr. “Geographic Information Systems”  David Weisburd & Anthony A. Braga “Hot Spots Policing as a Model for Police Innovation”  John D. Reitzel, Nicole Leeper Piquero, & Alex R. Piquero “Problem-Oriented Policing”  Wesley G. Jennings & Edward L. Hudak “Police Response to Persons with Mental Illness”  Natalie Todak & Madison March “De-Escalation Policing” Social Problems: Policing & Communities (SOC 211)  Jeffrey J. Noble & Geoffrey P. Alpert “State-Created Danger”  John A. Shjarback “Early Intervention Systems”  Jeff Rojek, Scott H. Decker, & Allen E. Wagner “Addressing Police Misconduct”  Samuel Walker “What a Good Police Department Looks Like”  Charles H. Ramsey “The Challenge of Policing in a Democratic Society” Books  Radley Balko Rise of the Warrior Cop  Andrew Guthrie Ferguson The Rise of Big Data Policing  Forrest Stuart Down and Out & Under Arrest  Franklin E. Zimring When Police Kill. Films  Baltimore Rising  Shots Fired