Sociology Exam Questions PDF

## **1. kérdés** Society is a group of people that share a culture and territory. **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **2. kérdés** When you try to understand a culture through the lens of that specific culture Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ##...

## **1. kérdés** Society is a group of people that share a culture and territory. **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **2. kérdés** When you try to understand a culture through the lens of that specific culture Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **3. kérdés** Social paradigms are assumptions that sociologists have about the social world. **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **4. kérdés** A paradigm is a set of concepts and theories that frames your perspective. **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **5. kérdés** What are the characteristics of sociology? a. Develops testable theories b. Rely on empirical data c. Collects verifiable information in systematic way d. None of the answers e. Uses systematic method of observation f. Explores the social world **g. All of the answers** ✓ Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: All of the answers. ## **6. kérdés** Normative theory is objective and fact-based. Igaz **Hamis** ✓ A helyes válasz a 'Hamis'. ## **7. kérdés** Sociological research method is a systematic plan for gathering and analyzing observations about the world **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **8. kérdés** Please pair the different types of suicides with the examples - Fatalistic → in the Second World War a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target - Altruistic → a slave completes suicide to escape the control. - Anomic → the suicide committed by the entrepreneur who went bankrupt because of the crises, - Egoistic → a loner women with few friends, no husband, and no children, died by suicide ## **9. kérdés** Surplus is an amount of an asset or resource that exceeds the portion needed. **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **10. kérdés** Please pair them - Foundation, base of society → **The economy** ✓ - Superstructure → **Politics, culture, religion, families** ✓ Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: Foundation, base of society → The economy, Superstructure → Politics, culture, religion, families ## **11. kérdés** According to the theory of hegemony, the ruling class stays in power, in part, through the culture. **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **12. kérdés** Racial formation refers to the process through which social, political, and economic forces influence how a society defines racial categories and how those racial categories in turn end up shaping those forces Igaz **Hamis** X A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **13. kérdés** Did the races change over time? a. No, as we still talk about the same races (black, yellow, white) **b. Yes, as Irish and Italian were not considered white in the US in preindustrial times** ✓ Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: Yes, as Irish and Italian were not considered white in the US in preindustrial times. ## **14. kérdés** What was Harriet Martineau NOT famous for? a. she was wearing trousers as a revolt against the gender inequalities b. she was the first sociologist women c. gender conflict theory d. translated Comte in English X e. she participated in the coronation ceremony of Queen Victoria X f. wrote a book on How to Observe Morals and Manner g. used fables and literary style to bring the economic principles to the general public X Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: she was wearing trousers as a revolt against the gender inequalities. ## **15. kérdés** Gender-conflict theory applies the principles of conflict theory to the relations among genders **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **16. kérdés** The 3 main elements of Max Weber's society are: a. socialisation **b. status group** ✓ c. power ✓ **d. bureacracy** X **e. ethics** X f. class Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 1. A helyes válaszok: class, power, status group ## **17. kérdés** Which is NOT characteristic of bureaucracy? a. impersonality b. detailed rules and regulations **c. specialized roles and functions** X d. clear chain of command **e. informality** ✓ f. hierarchy of positions g. formal communications Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: informality. ## **18. kérdés** Subculture refers to a culture similar with the dominant culture, cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society's population. Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** X Hamis A helyes válasz a 'Hamis'. ## **19. kérdés** Please pair the examples to the notions - Low culture → **reality show** ✓ - High culture → art Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 1. A helyes válasz: Low culture → reality show, High culture → art movie ## **20. kérdés** Multiculturalism is a more positive notion than interculturalism, as it means that people with different cultures are living together in toleration and peace (salad-bowl). Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** X Hamis A helyes válasz a 'Hamis'. ## **21. kérdés** What does NOT belong to cultural universals? a. religious rituals b. marriage c. family d. language **e. ownership** X f. theater Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: theater. ## **22. kérdés** Interculturalism is a more positive notion than multiculturalism, because it means not only that people with different cultural settings are living tolerantly and peacefully together, but there is also a continuous interaction between them. Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** ✓ Hamis X A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **23. kérdés** Please pair the theories of the transitions with its initiators (fathers) - Emile Dürkheim → the history of society is due to the long term change in solidarity - Max Weber → the shift from traditional to modern society is a matter of rationalization, begun with a shift in ideas - Karl Marx → large-scale social change through class struggle, which culminates in a revolution, overthrowing the old relations of production and replacing them with an entirely new set Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: Émile Dürkheim → the history of society is due to the long term change in solidarity, Max Weber → the shift from traditional to modern society is a matter of rationalization, begun with a shift in ideas, Karl Marx→ large-scale social change through class struggle, which culminates in a revolution, overthrowing the old relations of production and replacing them with an entirely new set ## ** 24. kérdés** Please pair the attachment styles to their characteristics - Secure attachment → The children believes and trust that its needs will be met - Avoidant attachment → The children believes that its needs probably won't be met, - Ambivalent attachment → The children cannot rely on his needs to be met, - Disorganised attachment → The children is confused with no strategy to have its needs to be met Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 2. A helyes válasz: Secure attachment → The children believes and trust that its needs will be met, Avoidant attachment → The children believes that its needs probably won't be met, Ambivalent attachment → The children cannot rely on his needs to be met, Disorganised attachment → The children is confused with no strategy to have its needs to be met ## **25. kérdés** Please link the moral development stages with their characteristics - post-conventional stage → more abstract ethical concepts than just right or wrong, - conventional stage → what is right socially, - pre-conventional stage → what is right personally Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 1. A helyes válasz: post-conventional stage → more abstract ethical concepts than just right or wrong, conventional stage → what is right socially, pre-conventional stage → what is right personally ## **26. kérdés** What is the hidden curriculum? a. The implicit curriculum, things that are not included in the curriculum (for ex obeying) b. the process through which children become socialized at home X c. The explicit curriculum, things that are included in the curriculum (for ex. writing) Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: The implicit curriculum, things that are not included in the curriculum (for ex obeying). ## **27. kérdés** If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **28. kérdés** Your social interactions are where your statuses, roles, and all of the expectations that they entail, come together Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** ✓ Hamis X A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **29. kérdés** Please pair them - Heterogenous groups → have more diversity within them, turn outward, with its members more likely to interact with outsiders, - Homogenous groups → tend to turn inward, concentrating relationships within the group instead of relying on intergroup contacts Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: Heterogenous groups → have more diversity within them, turn outward, with its members more likely to interact with outsiders, Homogenous groups → tend to turn inward, concentrating relationships within the group instead of relying on intergroup contacts ## **30. kérdés** Please pair the notions with their definition - Expressive leader → is looking to increase harmony and minimize conflict within the group, - Group dynamics→ the way that individuals affect groups, and groups affect individuals, - Instrumental leader → is focused on a group's goals, giving orders and making plans in order to achieve those goals Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 1. A helyes válasz: Expressive leader → is looking to increase harmony and minimize conflict within the group, Group dynamics→ the way that individuals affect groups, and groups affect individuals, Instrumental leader → is focused on a group's goals, giving orders and making plans in order to achieve those goals ## **31. kérdés** Please pair the notions with their meanings - bureaucratic inertia→ organization's ultimate goal becomes just to perpetuate itself, - bureaucratic "red tape" → when rules are obstacles, - bureaucratic ritualism → rules become a kind of end in themselves, - bureaucratic alienation → organisation dehumanizing to those who work in them and those they serve Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 1. A helyes válasz: bureaucratic inertia → organization's ultimate goal becomes just to perpetuate itself, bureaucratic "red tape" → when rules are obstacles, bureaucratic ritualism → rules become a kind of end in themselves, bureaucratic alienation → organisation dehumanizing to those who work in them and those they serve ## **32. kérdés** Please find the pairs - Institution → a group that is organized to fulfill a vocation (like education), - Organisation → a group that is organized to achieve goals efficiently Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: Institution → a group that is organized to fulfill a vocation (like education), Organisation → a group that is organized to achieve goals efficiently ## **33. kérdés** What is a self-fulfilling prophecy? a. when somebody starts to behave according to the expectations ✓ b. when a deviant people is identifying itself with a prophet c. when we can identify the deviant people from their physical characteristics Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: when somebody starts to behave according to the expectations. ## **34. kérdés** Please pair the different approaches of the deviance with the paradigms - deviance and conformity are not so much a matter of what you do, but how people label it → simbolic interactionalism, - the powerful can defend their power by labeling as deviant anything that threatens that power → conflict theory, - deviance helps define cultural values and norms, the society's response clarifies moral boundaries → structural-functionalist ## **35. kérdés** What factors influence an arrest? (multiple) a. wheather the suspect has previously been arrested **b. the suspect's rac, ethnicity** ✓ **c. the suspect's level of cooperativeness** ✓ d. the presence of observers **e. the severity of the situation** ✓ Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 3. A helyes válaszok: the severity of the situation, the suspect's level of cooperativeness, wheather the suspect has previously been arrested, the presence of observers, the suspect's rac, ethnicity ## **36. kérdés** Tough on Crime Policies are not effective Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** ✓ Hamis X A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **37. kérdés** Families are groups of people who share the following: a. emotional resources X **b. all of the answers** ✓ c. material resources d. none of the above e. economic resources Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: all of the answers. ## **38. kérdés** Please pair the notions with their meanings - a family with one parent and kid or kids → single parent family, - teaches about the world and you how families work → family of orientation, - family formed when two people come together and bring a child or children from previous relationships → blended family, - the family that is constructed by the person → family of procreation ## **39. kérdés** Society is a group of people that share different culture and territory. **Igaz** X Hamis A helyes válasz a 'Hamis'. ## **40. kérdés** When sociology became an individual science? **a. In the 1800s** ✓ b. In the 1900s c. In the 2000s d. None of the answers Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: In the 1800s. ## **Question 1** Cultural diffusion is, when cultural traits spread from one culture to another **True** ✓ False The correct answer is 'True'. ## **Question 3** Why are the 3 main paradigms (structural, conflict, symbolic) important? a. Because science needs somethimes a microscope, somethimes a telescope b. None of the answers c. All of the answers **d. Because all 3 are important and neccessairy for the investigation of sociological questions** ✓ e. Because they are looking at the social world from different angles f. Because every paradigm grasps part of the social reality Válasza helytelen. The correct answer is: All of the answers ## **Question 4** A paradigm is a set of concepts and theories that frames your perspective. **True** ✓ False The correct answer is 'True'. ## **Question 5** Positive sociology means to use empirical evidence to answer questions about how the social world works **True** ✓ False The correct answer is 'True'. ## **Question 7** Please pair them Inductive logical thought → takes your observations and uses them to built a theory Deductive logical thought → uses an existing theory to inform a hypothesis you test Válasza helytelen. The correct answer is: Inductive logical thought → takes your observations and uses them to built a theory, Deductive logical thought → uses an existing theory to inform a hypothesis you test ## **Question 8** Solidarity is an element of human association that emphasizes the cohesive social bond that holds a group together **True** ✓ False The correct answer is 'True'. ## **Question 9** Materialism is concerned with the questions of immaterial reality. **True** X False The correct answer is 'False'. ## **Question 10** Surplus is an amount of an asset or resource that exceeds the portion needed. **True** X False The correct answer is 'False'. ## **Question 13** Structural racism is the kind that's entrenched in political and legal constructs. **True** ✓ False The correct answer is 'True'. ## **Question 14** Economic and political power structures reinforce traditional gender roles **True** ✓ False The correct answer is 'True'. ## **Question 15** In the 19th century, all property and money that a woman had legally belonged to her husband. **True** ✓ False The correct answer is 'True'. ## **Question 16** What were the 3 main focuses for Weber? Multiple answers a. ethics **b. rationalization** ✓ **c. bureaucracy** ✓ d. spirit e. social stratification f. leadership Válasza helyes. The correct answers are: rationalization, social stratification ## **Question 17** According to Max Weber what was the main reason of the change from feudalism to capitalism? a. mindset change ✓ b. political change c. technical change d. economical change Válasza helytelen. The correct answer is: mindset change ## **Question 18** Please identify the cultural elements that are underwater. (multiple answers) ## **Question 40** What is the motivating order of the sociological questions? a. Why? What? How? b. What? How? Why? c. Why? How? What? **d. How? Why? What?** X e. How? What? Why? f. What? Why? How? Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: Why? How? What?. ## **Question 39** What is sociology? The study of society and people ✓ The study of society The study of people Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: The study of society and people. ## **Question 40** What is the motivating order of the sociological questions? a. Why? What? How? ## **Question 38** Please pair the notions with their meaning - marrying while still married to another person - **bigamy** - the marriage of one woman to two or more men - **polyandry** ✓ - marriage between people of different social categories - **exogamy** ✓ - the marriage of one man to two or more women - **polygyny** - marriage to two or more spouses - **poligamy** - marriage between people of same social category - **endogamy** ✓ - marriage by law, between two people - **monogamy** ✓ Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 3. A helyes válasz: marrying while still married to another person → bigamy, the marriage of one woman to two or more men → polyandry, marriage between people of different social categories → exogamy the marriage of one man to two or more women → polygyny, marriage to two or more spouses → poligamy, marriage between people of same social category → endogamy, marriage by law, between two people → monogamy ## **Question 37** In order that we consider a family should meet the following requirements: (multiple answers) a. people who are related by law b. people who are related by marriage c. people who are related by choice ✓ **d. people who are related by genetics** ✓ Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 1. A helyes válaszok: people who are related by genetics, people who are related by law, people who are related by marriage, people who are related by choice ## **Question 36** Please pair the notions with their meaning - plea bargaining → is a negotiation in which the prosecution offers concessions on the legal punishment in exchange for the defendant's guilty plea ✓ - public defenders → lawyers that are oficially designated and paid by the state ✓ - bail out → allows people to be released from jail after an arrest by guaranteeing, usually with a deposited sum of money, that they'll show up for their day in court ✓ Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: plea bargaining → is a negotiation in which the prosecution offers concessions on the legal punishment in exchange for the defendant's guilty plea, public defenders - lawyers that are oficially designated and paid by the state, bail out → allows people to be released from jail after an arrest by guaranteeing, usually with a deposited sum of money, that they'll show up for their day in court ## **Question 35** The crimes against person are the following (multiple) a. theft **h. arson** X **d. rape** ✓ **e. robbery** ✓ **f. murder** ✓ Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 2. A helyes válaszok: murder, rape, robbery ## **Question 34** Informal sanctioning of deviance occurs when norms are codified into law Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** X Hamis ✓ A helyes válasz a 'Hamis'. ## **Question 33** What deviance means? (multiple) a. non-normative b. comformity **c. anything that deviates from what people generally accept as normal.** ✓ **d. not mainstream** ✓ e. obedience Válasza részben helyes. Jól választott ki: 1. A helyes válaszok: non-normative, anything that deviates from what people generally accept as normal., not mainstream ## **Question 31** Reference groups are groups we use as standards to judge ourselves and others ## **Question 30** What it is? "the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant have come to dominate the whole of society" a. rationalisation b. büreaucratisation **c. McDonaldisation** ✓ Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: McDonaldisation. ## **Question 32** Please find the pairs - Groupthink → is the narrowing of thought in a group, by which its members come to believe that there is only one possible correct answer ✓ - Group conformity → members of a group adapt to the group's norms and standards ✓ - Reference groups → are groups we use as standards to judge ourselves and others ✓ - groups Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: Groupthink → is the narrowing of thought in a group, by which its members come to believe that there is only one possible correct answer, Group conformity → members of a group adapt to the group's norms and standards, Reference groups → are groups we use as standards to judge ourselves and others ## **Question 28** Social interaction is the process by which people act and react in relation to others Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **Question 27** Reality is NOT a social construct Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** X Hamis ✓ A helyes válasz a 'Hamis'. ## **Question 26** Please pair the socialisation places with their characteristics - Primary socialisation → first experiences with language, values, beliefs, behaviors, and norms of the society ✓ - Secondary socialisation → process through which children become socialized outside the home, within society at large. ✓ Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: Primary socialisation → first experiences with language, values, beliefs, behaviors, and norms of the society, Secondary socialisation → process through which children become socialized outside the home, within society at large. ## **Question 25** Every life stage from when you're born to when you die features different expectations that inform what we see as markers of social development. Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **Question 11** Please identify Marx's classes. (Multiple answers) a. slaves **b. proletariat** ✓ c. slave owners **d. burgeoisie** ✓ Válasza helyes. A helyes válaszok: proletariat, burgeoisie ## **Question 12** Race conflict theory focuses on the disparities and conflicts between people of different races. **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **Question 13** Did the races change over time? a. No, as we still talk about the same races (black, yellow, white) X ## **Question 17** Please tie the catholic and protestant religion with their attitude towards wealth. According to the catholic religion wealth is the sign of God's grace so one should pursue wealth at any cost According to the protestant religion rich man cannot enter the heaven, thus it is not wortwile to try to accumulate wealth Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: According to the catholic religion → rich man cannot enter the heaven, thus it is not wortwile to try to accumulate wealth, According to the protestant religion → wealth is the sign of God's grace so one should pursue wealth at any cost ## **Question 18** What does NOT belong to cultural universals? ## **Question 19** What is in the core of the Hofstede's onion model? a. rituals b. symbols c. heroes d. practices **e. values** ✓ Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: values. ## **Question 16** The "iron cage" of bureaucratic capitalism ment, that peoples lives becomes a series of interactions based on rationalized rules with no personal meaning behind them. **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **Question 15** Intersectionality is a bit of race-conflict theory with gender-conflict theory, and a smidge of Marx's conflict theory. **Igaz** ✓ Hamis X A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **Question 14** Which was NOT true for Simone de Beauvoir? a. She was a feminist of second wave X b. She was wife of the philosopher Jean Paul Sartre c. She wrote The Second Sex book **d. Participated in the coronation of Queen Victoria** Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: Participated in the coronation of Queen Victoria. ## **Question 10** What theory is NOT belonging to the group of conflict theory? **a. Symbolic interactional** ✓ b. Intersectional theory c. Gender conflict theory d. Race conflict theory Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: Symbolic interactional. ## **Question 9** According to Karl Marx conflict theory, different groups in society compete over aboundant resources. **Igaz** X Hamis ✓ A helyes válasz a 'Hamis'. ## **Question 7** Which is NOT the way to collect data in sociology? **a. exploration**✓ b. survey c. experiment d. existing resources e. observation Válasza helyes. A helyes válasz: exploration. ## **Question 6** Positivism is... a. Objective and fact-based b. A phenomena studied through direct observation **c. A scientific method** X d. None of the answers e. All of the answers f. Is made of observation based teories and facts Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: All of the answers. ## **Question 5** Positive sociology means to use empirical evidence to answer questions about how the social world works **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **Question 4** Facts are NOT simple descriptions of empirical reality. **Igaz** X **Hamis** ✓ A helyes válasz a 'Hamis'. ## **Question 3** Why are the 3 main paradigms (structural, conflict, symbolic) important? a. Because all 3 are important and neccessairy for the investigation of sociological questions ✓ b. Because every paradigm grasps part of the social reality X c. Because they are looking at the social world from different angles d. All of the answers e. None of the answers f. Because science needs somethimes a microscope, somethimes a telescope Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: All of the answers. ## **Question 2** Norms are the rules and expectations that guide behavior within a society Válasszon ki egyet: **Igaz** ✓ Hamis A helyes válasz az 'Igaz'. ## **Question 1** Marginalisation of a group means a. That a group occupies a place or position inside the society X **b. That a group occupies a place or position outside the center of power** ✓ Válasza helytelen. A helyes válasz: That a group occupies a place or position outside the center of power