Civil Engineering Study Guide PDF

Civil Engineering AE, JE, State PSC, ESE, PSU's & Other Competitive Exams SSC-JE (Pre & Mains)  RRB-JE UPSSSC-JE UPPSC-AE : NHPC-JE UKPSC AE BPSC AE CGPSC AE MPPSC AE RPSC AE DMRC JE LMRC JE JMRC JE BMRC JE DSSSB JE/AE SJVN JE UKSSSC JE RSMSSB JE HPSSC JE MPPEB SUB ENGINEER DDA-AE/JE HS...

Civil Engineering AE, JE, State PSC, ESE, PSU's & Other Competitive Exams SSC-JE (Pre & Mains)  RRB-JE UPSSSC-JE UPPSC-AE : NHPC-JE UKPSC AE BPSC AE CGPSC AE MPPSC AE RPSC AE DMRC JE LMRC JE JMRC JE BMRC JE DSSSB JE/AE SJVN JE UKSSSC JE RSMSSB JE HPSSC JE MPPEB SUB ENGINEER DDA-AE/JE HSSC JE JSSC JE BSSC JE DRDO JE ISRO CGPEB SUB ENGINEER UPPCL AE/JE UPRVUNL AE/JE JVUNL JE SAIL JE GAIL JE BHEL JE NTPC JE DFCCIL COAL INDIA LTD. JE WBPSC AE TAMILNADU TRB TNPSC AE J&K PSC AE SIKKIM PSC AE OPSC AE MPSC AE GUJARAT PSC AE PTCUL Chief Editor A.K. Mahajan Compiled & Written by Er. Maneesh Kr. Yadav (Highway Engineer Delhi) Er. Pradeep Kr. Gupta, Er. Anees kr. Verma, Computer Graphics by Bal Krishna, Charan Singh, Arjun Prasad & Pankaj Kushwaha Editorial Office 12, Church Lane Prayagraj-211002 Mob. : 9415650134 Email : [email protected] website : www.yctbooks.com / www.yctfastbook.com © All rights reserved with Publisher Publisher Declaration Edited and Published by A.K. Mahajan for YCT Publications Pvt. Ltd. and printed by EXAM PREPARATION APP In order to Publish the E-book, full care has been taken by the Editor and the Publisher, still your suggestions and queries are welcomed. Rs. : 595/- In the event of any dispute, the judicial area will be Prayagraj.  Index Appendix.............................................................................................................................................................................. 17-20 Amendment (IS 456 : 2000) 2013 & 2019.......................................................................................................... 21-30 Building Material ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31-67 1. Building Rock and Stone..............................................................................................................32-37 2. Bricks............................................................................................................................................38-44 3. Lime..............................................................................................................................................45-46 4. Cement..........................................................................................................................................47-54 5. Timber............................................................................................................................................55-60 6. Paint...............................................................................................................................................61-65 7. Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Material................................................................................................66-66 8. Glass...............................................................................................................................................67-67 Building Construction and Maintenance Engineering..............................................................68-107 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................69-72 2. Masonry........................................................................................................................................73-81 3. Lintel and Arches...........................................................................................................................82-83 4. Stairs.............................................................................................................................................84-86 5. Scaffolding and Shoring.................................................................................................................87-90 6. Door, Window & Ventilators.........................................................................................................91-96 7. Roofs and Roof covering.............................................................................................................97-102 8. Surface Finishing.......................................................................................................................103-104 9. Construction Equipment............................................................................................................105-107 Concrete Technology................................................................................................................. 108-144 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................109-115 2. Property of Concrete..................................................................................................................116-120 3. Water Cement Ratio...................................................................................................................121-122 4. Formwork...................................................................................................................................123-124 5. Proportioning of Concrete mixes...............................................................................................125-128 6. Concreting Operations...............................................................................................................129-135 7. Concreting in Adverse Conditions.............................................................................................136-136 8. Durability of Concrete...............................................................................................................137-139 9. Repair and Maintenance of Concrete.........................................................................................140-140 10. Special Types of Concrete.......................................................................................................141-143 11. Miscellaneous...........................................................................................................................144-144 Earthquake Engineering and Disaster Management..............................................................145-151 Surveying Engineering...............................................................................................................152-207 Surveying I...............................................................................................................................152-181 1. Introduction of Surveying..........................................................................................................153-156 2. Chain Surveying.........................................................................................................................157-164 3. Compass Surveying....................................................................................................................165-170 4. Levelling....................................................................................................................................171-177 5. Calculation of Area....................................................................................................................178-179 6. Minor Instrument.......................................................................................................................180-180 7. Conventional sign......................................................................................................................181-181 Surveying II............................................................................................................................182-197 1. Plane Table Surveying...............................................................................................................182-185 2. Contouring.................................................................................................................................186-189 2 3. Theodolite..................................................................................................................................190-193 4. Tacheometric Surveying............................................................................................................193-195 5. Curve..........................................................................................................................................196-197 Advance Survey......................................................................................................................198-207 1. Modern Field Survey System.....................................................................................................198-200 2. Photogrammetric or Areal survey..............................................................................................201-204 3. Field Astronomy........................................................................................................................205-207 Estimating Costing & Valuation............................................................................................. 208-224 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................209-211 2. Unit of Measurement and Payment............................................................................................212-214 3. Methods of Building Estimate...................................................................................................215-216 4. Earth work in road and canal.....................................................................................................217-218 5. Analysis of Rates.......................................................................................................................219-221 6. Valuation....................................................................................................................................222-224 Engineering Drawing..................................................................................................................225-238 Auto Cad..................................................................................................................................... 239-243 Construction Management, Accounts & Entrepreneurship Development (CMAED)........ 244-254 1. Construction Management, Planning and Scheduling...............................................................245-251 2. Organization...............................................................................................................................252-252 3. Miscellaneous.............................................................................................................................253-254 Reinforced Cement Concrete....................................................................................................255-287 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................256-258 2. Working stress method (WSM).................................................................................................259-262 3. Doubly Reinforced Beam...........................................................................................................263-263 4. Shear and Bond Strengths..........................................................................................................264-267 5. Reinforced Concrete Slab..........................................................................................................268-272 6. T-Beam or Flanged Beams........................................................................................................273-275 7. Columns and Footing.................................................................................................................276-279 8. Retaining Walls..........................................................................................................................280-282 9. Limit State Method....................................................................................................................283-285 10. Prestressed Concrete................................................................................................................286-287 Applied Mechanics.................................................................................................................... 288-295 Strength of Material................................................................................................................. 296-330 1. Simple stress and strain..............................................................................................................297-302 2. Principal Stress and Strain.........................................................................................................303-305 3. Strain Energy..............................................................................................................................306-306 4. Theories of Failure.....................................................................................................................307-308 5. Shear Force and Bending Moment.............................................................................................309-312 6. Direct stress and bending stress.................................................................................................313-313 7. Slope and Deflection of Beam...................................................................................................314-316 8. Bending Stress in Beams............................................................................................................317-318 9. Shear Stresses in Beams and Shear Centre................................................................................319-320 10. Column and Strut.....................................................................................................................321-322 11. Torsion.....................................................................................................................................323-324 12. Springs.....................................................................................................................................325-326 13. Pressure vessels........................................................................................................................327-328 14. Centre of gravity and moment of Inertia..................................................................................328-330 Design of Steel Structure........................................................................................................... 331-362 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................332-333 2. Structural Fasteners....................................................................................................................334-342 3 3. Tension Member........................................................................................................................343-345 4. Compression Member................................................................................................................346-349 5. Beam & Gantry Girder...............................................................................................................350-352 6. Eccentric Connections................................................................................................................353-354 7. Column Bases............................................................................................................................355-356 8. Plate Girder................................................................................................................................357-359 9. Plastic Analysis..........................................................................................................................360-362 Structural Analysis.................................................................................................................... 363-384 1. Determinacy and Indeterminacy................................................................................................364-366 2. Truss...........................................................................................................................................367-368 3. Influence Line Diagram.............................................................................................................369-372 4. Suspension Bridge, Cables and Arches......................................................................................373-378 5. Methods of Structural Analysis..................................................................................................379-382 6. Matrix Method...........................................................................................................................383-384 Fluid Mechanics......................................................................................................................... 385-434 1. Properties of Fluids....................................................................................................................386-389 2. Pressure and its Measurement....................................................................................................390-392 3. Hydrostatic forces on surfaces...................................................................................................393-393 4. Buoyancy and Floatation...........................................................................................................394-395 5. Kinematics of Flow....................................................................................................................396-400 6. Fluid Dynamics..........................................................................................................................401-403 7. Orifices and Mouthpieces..........................................................................................................404-405 8. Notches and Weirs.....................................................................................................................406-408 9. Viscous Flow..............................................................................................................................409-409 10. Turbulent flow..........................................................................................................................410-411 11. Flow Through Pipes.................................................................................................................412-413 12. Dimensional and Model Analysis............................................................................................414-415 13. Boundary Layer Theory...........................................................................................................416-419 14. Open Channel Flow.................................................................................................................420-425 15. Impact of Jets and Jet Propulsion.............................................................................................426-427 16. Turbine and Pumps..................................................................................................................428-434 Irrigation Engineering............................................................................................................... 435-472 1. Irrigation Technique and quality of irrigation water..................................................................436-438 2. Water requirement of crops........................................................................................................439-442 3. Canal irrigation System..............................................................................................................443-445 4. Design of Irrigation Channel......................................................................................................446-448 5. Construction and Maintenance of Canals..................................................................................449-451 6. Diversion Headworks.................................................................................................................452-454 7. River Training Works................................................................................................................455-458 8. Cross Drainage work..................................................................................................................458-459 9. Design and construction of gravity dam....................................................................................460-466 10. Water Logging and Drainage...................................................................................................467-468 11. Ground Water...........................................................................................................................469-472 Engineering Hydrology.............................................................................................................. 473-491 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................474-475 2. Precipitation...............................................................................................................................476-481 3. Abstraction from precipitation & Stream Flow Measurement...................................................482-485 4. Runoff and Hydrograph.............................................................................................................486-488 5. Floods and Flood Routing..........................................................................................................489-491 4  Environmental Engineering.......................................................................................................492-538 Water Supply Engineering..................................................................................................... 492-515 1. Water Demand...........................................................................................................................493-496 2. Water Quality Parameter............................................................................................................497-503 3. Treatment of Water....................................................................................................................504-509 4. Disinfection and Softening of Water..........................................................................................510-512 5. Distribution System....................................................................................................................513-515 Sanitary Engineering.............................................................................................................. 516-538 1. Public Sanitation quantity of sewage.........................................................................................516-517 2. Sewerage Systems and sewer.....................................................................................................518-520 3. Building Drainage and plumbing...............................................................................................521-522 4. Characteristics of Waste Water or Sewage................................................................................523-525 5. Sewage Treatment......................................................................................................................525-531 6. Disposal of Waste Water and Sewage.......................................................................................532-533 7. Pollution (Air and Noise)...........................................................................................................534-538 Soil Mechanics............................................................................................................................ 539-594 1. Origin of soil..............................................................................................................................540-540 2. Basic definition & simple test of soil.........................................................................................541-544 3. Index properties of Soil..............................................................................................................545-550 4. Soil classification.......................................................................................................................551-553 5. Soil Structure and Clay Mineralogy...........................................................................................554-555 6. Effective and Neutral Stresses..................................................................................................556-556 7. Soil Hydraulic............................................................................................................................557-561 8. Compaction................................................................................................................................562-564 9. Consolidation.............................................................................................................................565-568 10. Stability of Slope......................................................................................................................569-571 11. Earth Pressure Theory..............................................................................................................572-574 12. Stress Distribution in Soil........................................................................................................575-577 13. Shear Strength of Soil..............................................................................................................578-581 14. Foundation...............................................................................................................................582-587 15. Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation................................................................................588-592 16. Soil Exploration.......................................................................................................................593-594 Highway Engineering................................................................................................................ 595-627 1. Highway Development and Planning.........................................................................................596-598 2. Geometric Design of Highways.................................................................................................599-608 3. Traffic Engineering....................................................................................................................609-618 4. Highway Materials.....................................................................................................................619-622 5. Pavement Design........................................................................................................................623-627 Railway Engineering................................................................................................................. 628-645 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................629-630 2. Rail Joints, Defect and Track Stresses.......................................................................................631-634 3. Geometric Design of Track........................................................................................................635-637 4. Point and Crossing.....................................................................................................................638-639 5. Sleeper, Ballast, Fastening and Fixtures....................................................................................640-642 6. Railway Signal and Station Yard...............................................................................................643-645 Bridge, Tunnel and Airport Engineering................................................................................ 646-656 1. Bridge Engineering....................................................................................................................647-649 2. Tunnel Engineering....................................................................................................................650-652 3. Airport Engineering...................................................................................................................653-656 5  CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING The Examination will be conducted in two stages: A. Paper-I (Pre) (200 marks) B. Paper-II (Mains) (300 marks) Total Written Test (500 marks) Written Test : Paper Mode of Examination Subject Number of Duration & Questions/Max. Timing Marks Paper-I Computer Based (i) General Intelligence & 50/50 2 Hours Objective Examination Reasoning type (ii) General Awareness 50/50 (iii) General Engineering 100/100 (CIVIL & Structural) Paper-II Computer Based General Engineering 100/300 2 Hours Objective Examination (CIVIL & Structural) Type There will be negative marking equal to one-third (1/3) of the marks allotted to the question for each wrong answer in Paper-I & Paper-II. SSC JE Syllabus Indicative Syllabus: The standard of the questions in Engineering subjects will be approximately of the level of Diploma in Engineering (Civil/Mechanical) from a recognized Institute, Board or University recognized by All India Board of Technical Education. All the questions will be set in SI units. The details of the syllabus are given below. Paper-I (Prelims) General Intelligence & Reasoning: The Syllabus for General Intelligence would include questions of both verbal and non-verbal type. The test may include questions on analogies, similarities, differences, space visualization, problem solving, analysis, judgment, decision making, visual memory, discrimination, observation, relationship concepts, arithmetical reasoning, verbal and figure classification, arithmetical number series etc. The test will also include questions designed to test the candidate’s abilities to deal with abstract ideas and symbols and their relationships, arithmetical computations and other analytical functions. General Awareness: Questions will be aimed at testing the candidate’s general awareness of the environment around him/her and its application to society. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current Civil Engineering Smart Scan 6 YCT  events and of such matters of everyday observations and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighbouring countries especially pertaining to History, Culture, Geography, Economic Scenario, General Polity and Scientific Research, etc. These questions will be such that they do not require a special study of any discipline. General Engineering (Civil and Structural) Civil Engineering : Building Materials, Estimating, Costing and Valuation, Surveying, Soil Mechanics, Hydraulics, Irrigation Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Environmental Engineering. Structural Engineering : Theory of Structures, Concrete Technology, RCC Design, Steel Design. Paper-II (Mains) Civil & Structural Engineering Building Materials : Physical and Chemical properties, classification, standard tests, uses and manufacture/quarrying of materials e.g. buildings stones, silicate based materials, cement (Portland), asbestos products, timber and wood based products, laminates, bituminous materials, paints, varnishes. Estimating, Costing and Valuation : Estimate, glossary of technical terms, analysis of rates, methods and unit of measurement, Items of work – earthwork, Brick work (Modular & Traditional bricks), RCC work, Shuttering, Timber work, Painting, Flooring, Plastering. Boundary wall, Brick building, Water Tank, Septic tank, Bar bending schedule, Centre line method, Mid-section formula, Trapezoidal formula, simpson’s rule, Cost estimate of Septic tank, flexible pavements, Tube well, isolates and combined footings, Steel Truss, Piles and pile-caps. Valuation – Value and cost, scrap value, salvage value, assessed value, sinking fund, depreciation and obsolescence, methods of valuation. Surveying : Principles of surveying, measurement of distance, chain surveying, working of prismatic compass, compass traversing, bearings, local attraction, plane table surveying, theodolite traversing, adjustment of theodolite, Levelling, Definition of terms used in levelling, contouring, curvature and refraction corrections, temporary and permanent adjustments of dumpy level, methods of contouring, uses of contour map, tachometric survey, curve setting, earth work calculation, advanced surveying equipment. Soil Mechanics : Origin of soil, phase diagram, Definitions-void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, water content, specific gravity of soil grains, unit weights, density index and interrelationship of different parameters, Grain size distribution curves and their uses. Index properties of soils, Atterberg’s limits, ISI soil classification and plasticity chart. permeability of soil, coefficient of permeability, determination of coefficient of permeability, Unconfined and confined aquifers, effective stress, quick sand, consolidation of soils, Principles of consolidation, degree of consolidation, pre-consolidation pressure, normally consolidated soil, e-log p curve, computation of ultimate settlement. Shear strength of soils, direct shear test, Vane shear test, Triaxial test. Soil compaction, Laboratory compaction test, Maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, earth pressure theories, active and passive earth pressures, Bearing capacity of soils, plate load test, standard penetration test. Hydraulics : Fluid properties, hydrostatics, measurements of flow, Bernoulli’s theorem and its application, flow through pipes, flow in open channels, weirs, flumes, spillways, pumps and turbines. Civil Engineering Smart Scan 7 YCT  Irrigation Engineering : Definition, necessity, benefits, 2II effects of irrigation, types and methods of irrigation, Hydrology – Measurement of rainfall, run off coefficient, rain gauge, losses from precipitation – evaporation, infiltration, etc. Water requirement of crops, duty, delta and base period, Kharif and Rabi Crops, Command area, Time factor, Crop ratio, Overlap allowance, Irrigation efficiencies. Different type of canal irrigation, loss of water in canals. Canal lining – types and advantages. Shallow and deep wells, yield from a well. Weir and barrage, Failure of weirs and permeable foundation, Slit and Scour, Kennedy’s theory of critical velocity. Lacey’s theory of uniform flow. Definition of flood, causes and effects, methods of flood control, water logging, preventive measure. Land reclamation, Characteristics of affecting fertility of soils, purposes, methods, description of land and reclamation processes. Major irrigation projects in India. Transportation Engineering : Highway Engineering – cross sectional elements, geometric design, types of pavements, pavements materials – aggregates and bitumen, different tests, Design of flexible and rigid pavements – Water Bound Macadam (WBM) and Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Gravel Road, Bituminous construction, Rigid pavement joint, pavement maintenance, Highway drainage, Railway Engineering – components of permanent way – sleepers, ballast, fixtures and fastening, track geometry, points and crossings, track junction, stations and yards. Traffic Engineering – Different traffic survey, speed- flow-density and their interrelationships, intersections and interchanges, traffic signals, traffic operation, traffic signs and markings, road safety. Environmental Engineering : Quality of water, source of water supply, purification of water, distribution of water, need of sanitation, sewerage systems, circular sewer, oval sewer, sewer appurtenances, sewage treatments. Surface water drainage. Solid waste management – types, effects, engineered management system, Air pollution – pollutants, causes, effects, control. Noise pollution – cause, health effects, control. Structural Engineering Theory of structures : Elasticity constants, types of beams – determinate and indeterminate, bending moment and shear force diagrams of simply supported, cantilever and over hanging beams, Moment of area and moment of inertia for rectangular & circular sections, bending moment and shear stress for tee, channel and compound sections, chimneys, dams and retaining walls, eccentric loads, slope deflection of simply supported and cantilever beams, critical load and columns, Torsion of circular section. Concrete Technology : Properties, Advantages and uses of concrete, cement aggregates, importance of water quality, water cement ratio, workability, mix design, storage, batching, mixing, placement, compaction, finishing and curing of concrete, quality control of concrete, hot weather and cold weather concreting, repair and maintenance of concrete structures. RCC Design : RCC beams-flexural strength, shear strength, bond strength, design of singly reinforced and double reinforced beams, cantilever beams. T-beams, lintels. One way and two way slabs, isolated footings. Reinforced brick works, columns, staircases, retaining wall, water tanks (RCC design questions may be based on both Limit State and Working Stress methods). Steel Design : Steel design and construction of steel columns, beams roof trusses plate girders. Civil Engineering Smart Scan 8 YCT  UPPSC Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission Government of UP, Prayagraj Combined State Engineering Services (General Recruitment/Special Recruitment) Examination Pattern and Syllabus The following two objective type papers will be for the Combined State Engineering Services Examination. PAPER-I Subject No. of Questions Marks Total Marks Time General Hindi 25 (Each question of 75 3 marks) 375 2.30 Hours Main Subject 100 (Each question 300 (Civil Engg.-I) of 3 marks) PAPER-II Subject No. of Questions Marks Total Marks Time General Studies 25 (Each question of 75 3 marks) 375 2.30 Hours Main Subject 100 (Each question 300 (Civil Engg.-II) of 3 marks) Personal Examination (Interview) – 100 Marks Total – 375 + 375 + 100 = 850 Marks SYLLABUS General Hindi – Hindi syllabus will be made in such a way that the candidates under standing of Hindi language and efficient use of words can be checked. Its level will be of high school. General Studies – The question paper of General Studies will include information focusing on current events and their scientific aspects of such things which come in everyday experience and which can be expected from an educated person. The question paper will also included such questions in the history, politics and geography of India, to which candidates will be able to answer without special study. CIVIL ENGINEERING PAPER – 1 PART – A ENGINEERING MECHANICS, STRENGTH OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Units and Dimensions, SI units, vectors, concept of force, Concept of particle and rigid body Concurrent, Non- Concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force and varignon`s theorem free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system. First and second Moment of area, Mass moment of inertia, Static Friction, inclined plane and bearings, kinematics and kinetics, kinematics in Cartesion and Polar Coordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, motion under gravity, Kinetics of particle: Momentum and Energy principles, D` Alembert`s principle, Collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid, bodies, simple harmonic motion. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending, bending stress, Shear Stress, Beams of uniform strength, Leaf Spring, close coiled helical springs, Strain Energy in direct stress, bending & shear. Deflection of beams; Macaulay's method, Mohr's Moment area Civil Engineering Smart Scan 9 YCT method, Conjugate beam method, unit load method, Torsion of shafts, Transmission of power, Elastic stability of columns, Euler's Rankin's and Secant formulae. Principal stresses and strains in two dimensions, Mohr's Circle, Theories of Elastic Failure, Thin and Thick cylinder, Stresses due to internal and external pressure- Lame's equations. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Castiglianio's theorems I and II, Unit load method of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment distribution, Kani's method of analysis and column Analogy method applied to indeterminate beams and rigid frames. Rolling loads and influence lines: Influence lines for reactions of beam, shear force and bending moment at a section of beam criteria for maximum shear force and bending moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads, influence lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses, Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects, influence lines in arches, Matrix methods of analysis: Force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames. Plastic Analysis of beams and frames: Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechanism method. Unsymmetrical bending: Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of neutral axis and principal axis, calculation of bending stresses. PART – B DESIGN OF STRUCTURES : STEEL, CONCRETE AND MASONRY STRUCTURES. STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN Structural steel: Factors of safety and load factors, riveted, bolted and welded joints and its connections, Design by working stress/limit state method of tension and compression member, beams of built up section, rivetted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens and lacings, slab and gussetted column bases, Design of highway and railway bridges: Through and deck type plate girder, Warren girder, Pratt truss. DESIGN OF CONCRETE AND MASONRY STRUCTURES Reinforced Concrete: Working Stress and Limit State Method of design-Recommendations of B.I.S. codes, design of one way and two way slabs, stairs-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections, compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity, isolated and combined footings, Cantilever and counter-fort type retaining walls, Water tanks: Design requirements as per B.I.S. code for rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground, Pre-stressed concrete: Methods and systems of pre-stressing, anchorages, analysis and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, losses of pre-stress, Earth quake resistant design of building as per BIS code. Design of brick masonry as per I. S. Codes, Design of masonry retaining walls. PART – C Building Materials, Construction Technology, Planning and Management Building Materials Physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use: stones bricks, tiles, lime, glass, cement, mortars, Concrete, concept of mix design, Pozzolans, plasticizers, super plasticizers, Special concrete: roller compacted concrete, mass concrete, self compacting concrete, Ferro cement, Fiber reinforced concrete, high strength concrete, high performance concrete, Timber: properties, defects and common preservation treatments, Use and selection of materials for various uses e.g. Low cost housing, mass housing, high rise buildings. Constructions Technology, Planning and Management Masonry constructions using brick, stone, construction detailing and strength characteristics paints, varnishes, plastics, water proofing and damp proofing materials. Detailing of walls, floors, roofs, staircases, doors and windows. Plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing and construction features. Retrofitting of buildings, Principle of planning of building for residents and specific uses, National Building code provisions and uses. Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating, specifications, rate analysis, principles of valuation of real property. Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their specific uses, factors affecting selection of construction equipments, operating cost of equipments. Construction activity, schedules, organizations, quality assurance principles. Basic principle of network CPM and PERT uses in construction monitoring, cost optimization and resource allocation. Basic principles of economic analysis and methods. Project profitability: Basis principles of financial planning, simple toll fixation criterions. PART – D GEO TECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Types of soils, phase relationships, consistency limits particles size distribution, classifications of soils, structure and clay mineralogy. Capillary water, effective stress and pore water pressure, Darcy's Law, factors affecting permeability, determination of permeability, permeability of stratified soil deposits. Seepage pressure, quick sand condition, compressibility and consolidation, Terzaghi's theory of one dimensional consolidation, consolidation test. Civil Engineering Smart Scan 10 YCT Compaction of soil, field control of compaction total stress and effective stress parameters, pore pressure parameters, shear strength of soils, Mohr Coulomb failure theory, shear tests. Earth pressure at rest, active and passive pressures, Rankin's theory Coulomb's wedge theory, Graphical method of earth pressure on retaining wall, sheetpile walls, braced excavation, bearing capacity, Terzaghi and other important theories, net and gross bearing pressure. Immediate and consolidation settlement, stability of slope, total stress and effective stress methods, conventional methods of slices, stability number. Subsurface exploration, methods of boring, sampling, penetration tests, pressure meter tests, essential features of foundation, types of foundation, design criteria, choice of type of foundation, stress distribution in soils, Boussinessq's theory, Westergaard method, Newmark's chart, pressure bulb, contact, pressure, applicability of different bearing capacity theories, evaluation of bearing capacity from filed tests, allowable bearing capacity, settlement analysis, allowable settlement, proportioning of footing, isolated and combined footings, rafts, pile foundation, types of piles, plies capacity, static and dynamic analysis, design of pile groups, pile load test, settlement of piles lateral loads, foundation for bridges, Ground improvement techniques: sand drains, stone columns, grouting, soil stabilization geotextiles and geomembrane, Machine foundation: Natural frequency, design of machine foundations based on the recommendation of B.I.S. codes. CIVIL ENGINEERING PAPER- II Part – A FLUID MECHANICS, OPEN CHANNEL FLOW, HYDRAULIC MACHINES AND HYDROPOWER ENGINEERING Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties and their roles in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and curved surfaces, Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow: Velocity and acceleration, stream lines, equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions, flownet, methods of drawing flownet, source and sink, flow separation, free and forced vorties. Flow control volume equation, continuity, momentum and energy equations, Navier-Strokes equation, Euler's equation of motion and application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, plane, curved, stationary and moving vanes sluice gates, weirs, orifice meters and Venturi meters. Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Buckingham's Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters, similitude theory, model laws, undistorted and distorted models. Laminar Flow: Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through pipes. Boundary Layer: Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough boundaries, submerged flow, drag and lift and its applications. Turbulent flow through pipes: Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution, pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line, siphons, expansion and contractions in pipes pipe networks, water hammer in pipes and surge tanks. Open Channel Flow: Flow types, uniform and non uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, Specific energy and specific force, critical depth, resistance equations and roughness coefficient, rapidly varied flow, flow in transitions, Brink flow, Hydraulic jump and its applications, waves and surges, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, Integration of varied flow equation and their solution. HYDRAULIC MACHINES AND HYDROPOWER Centrifugal pumps-Types, characteristics, Net Positive Suction-head (NPSH), specific speed, Pumps in series and parallel. Reciprocating pumps, Air vessels, Hydraulic ram, efficiency parameters, Rotary and positive displacement pumps, diaphragm and jet pumps. Hydraulic turbines: types, classification, Choice of turbines, performance parameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed. Principles of hydropower development: Types, layouts and component works, surge tanks, 'types and choice, Flow duration curves and dependable flow, Storage and pondage, Pumped storage plants, Special types of hydel plants. Part – B Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow, hydrographs, flood frequency analysis, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing- Muskingam method. Civil Engineering Smart Scan 11 YCT Ground Water flow: Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions, Open wells and tube wells. Ground and surface water recourses single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation. Water requirements of crops consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods, Irrigation efficiencies. Canals: Distribution systems for cannal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main and distributory canals, Design of cannal by kennedy's and Lacey's thoeorie, Water logging and its prevention. Diversion head works: Compenents, Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable foundations, Khosla's theory, Bligh's creep theory Storage works. Cross drainage works. Types of dams, design principles of gravity and earth dams, stability analysis. Spillways: Spillway types energy dissipation. River training: Objectives of river training, methods of river training and bank protection. Part – C Transportation Engineering Highway Engineering: Principles of Highway alignments, classification and geometric design, elements and standards for roads. Pavement: flexible and rigid pavements Design principles and methodology. Construction methods and materials for stabilized soil. WBM, Bituminous works and Cement Concrete roads. Surface and sub-surface drainage arrangements for roads, culvert structures. Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays. Traffic surveys and their application in traffic planning, Typical design features for channelized, intersection, rotary etc., signal designs, standard traffic signs and markings. Railway Engineering: Permanent way, ballast, sleeper, chair and faslenings, points, crossings, different types of turn outs, cross-over, setting out of points, Maintenance of track, super elevation, creep of rails ruling gradients, track resistance tractive effort, curve resistance, Station yards and station buildings, platform sidings, turn outs, Signals and interlocking, level crossings. Air port Engineering: Layouts, Planning and design. Part – D Environmental Engineering Water supply: Estimation of water demand, impurities in water and their significance, physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters and their analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water. Water collection & treatment: Intake structures, principles and design of sedimentation tank, coagulation cum flocculation units slow sand filter, rapid sand filter and pressure filter, theory & practices of chlorination, water softening, removal of taste and salinity, Sewerage Systems, Domestic and industrial wastes, storm, sewage, separate and combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers. Waste water characterization: Solids, Dissolved oxygen (DO), BOD COD, TOC, and Nitrogen, Standards for disposal of effluent in normal water course and on to land. Waste water treatment: Principles and design of wastewater Treatment units--,Screening, grit chamber, sedimentation tank activated sludge process, trickling filters, oxidation ditches, oxidation ponds, septic tank; Treatment and disposal of sludge; recycling of waste water. Solid waste management: Classification, Collection and disposal of solid waste in rural and urban areas, Principles of solid waste management. Environmental pollution: Air and water pollution and their control acts. Radioactive waste and their disposal Environmental impact assessment of Thermal power Plants, mines and river valley projects, Sustainable development. Part – E Survey and Engineering Geology (a) Surveying: Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurements in Civil Engineering works, their use in plane table traverse survey, levelling, triangulation, contouring and topographical maps. Survey layouts for culverts canal, bridge, roads, railway alignment and buildings. Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing. Introduction to Geographical information system. Engineering Geology Basic concepts of Engineering geology and its applications in projects such as dams, bridges and tunnels. Civil Engineering Smart Scan 12 YCT  Trend Analysis of Exam (SSC JE/ ESE/State PSC & Other Exam) Papers Included Through Pie Chart and Bar Graph West Bengal AE/JE (2022- Andhra Pradesh AE/JE (2022- Bihar AE/JE (2022-2001), 1670 2012), 1830 Chhattisgarh AE/JE (2021- 1998), 3320 2012), 1810 Assam AE/JE (2021 - Chandigarh+Punjab AE/JE UPSC ESE (2023-1995), 2200 2015), 2280 (2021-2013), 1270 Uttar Pradesh AE/JE (2023- 2012), 4800 Delhi AE/JE (2021-2016), 2595 Gujarat AE/JE (2023- Uttrakhand AE/JE (2021- 2014), 8495 2007), 4960 Tamil Nadu AE/JE (2022- GATE (2023-2015), 360 2012), 2025 Telangana AE/JE (2023- 2011), 1950 Haryana AE/JE (2020- 2010), 1435 SSC JE (2004-2022), 4575 H.P. AE/JE (2022-2015), 2970 Rajasthan AE/JE (2022- 2011), 5760 Jharkhand AE/JE (2022- Odisha AE/JE (2021- 2009), 2120 2011), 1570 Jammu Kashmir AE/JE (2022- 2006), 3250 Nagaland AE/JE (2018- 2015), 1800 Mizoram AE/JE (2021- Madhya Pradesh AE/JE (2022- Karnataka AE/JE (2021- Kerala AE/JE (2022- 2010), 2650 Maharashtra AE/JE (2023- 2015), 1700 2011), 760 2004), 12220 2011), 7150 12220 8495 7150 5760 4960 4575 4800 2280 3250 2650 3320 2595 2970 2025 2200 1830 1810 2120 1800 1950 1670 1270 1435 1700 1570 360 760 Civil Engineering Smart Scan 13 YCT  SSC JE Civil Online Exam Topicwise Analysis Chart (2017-2022) SSC JE 14 November 2022 (M) SSC JE 15 November 2022 (M) SSC JE 16 November 2022 (M) SSC JE 15 November 2022 (E) SSC JE 2nd March 2017 (M) SSC JE 3rd March 2017 (M) SSC JE 4th March 2017 (M) SSC JE 23 March 2021 (M) SSC JE 1st March 2017 (M) SSC JE 2nd March 2017 (E) SSC JE 3rd March 2017 (E) SSC JE 4th March 2017 (E) SSC JE 23 March 2021 (E) SSC JE 1st March 2017 (E) SSC JE 29 Oct. 2020 (M) SSC JE 30 Oct. 2020 (M) SSC JE 22 Jan. 2018 (M) SSC JE 23 Jan. 2018 (M) SSC JE 24 Jan. 2018 (M) SSC JE 25 Jan. 2018 (M) SSC JE 27 Jan. 2018 (M) SSC JE 29 Jan. 2018 (M) SSC JE 23 Sep. 2019 (M) SSC JE 25 Sep. 2019 (M) SSC JE 11 Dec. 2020 (E) SSC JE 22 Jan. 2018 (E) SSC JE 23 Jan. 2018 (E) SSC JE 24 Jan. 2018 (E) SSC JE 25 Jan. 2018 (E) SSC JE 27 Jan. 2018 (E) SSC JE 29 Jan. 2018 (E) SSC JE 23 Sep. 2019 (E) SSC JE 28 Oct. 2020 (E) SSC JE 30 Oct. 2020 (E) YEAR HYDRAULICS 8 8 9 10 11 11 13 10 10 10 10 11 15 12 11 10 10 10 10 11 10 7 8 11 7 10 9 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 S.M.F.E 4 6 5 7 5 4 5 7 10 4 8 5 10 8 3 4 6 6 5 5 6 10 10 7 8 7 7 9 11 7 7 7 7 8 B.M 7 12 9 4 9 7 9 4 8 8 11 15 10 9 12 13 13 13 7 11 11 9 9 11 12 10 10 7 8 10 8 9 8 8 B.C.M.E 3 5 1 2 4 4 3 1 7 5 3 0 2 0 0 2 2 4 1 3 4 1 1 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 14 S.O.M 9 12 19 4 17 8 10 11 5 7 2 4 3 10 7 9 7 4 4 8 7 5 4 8 6 6 8 8 4 7 8 6 6 5 C.T 16 4 4 4 5 4 8 4 5 7 7 6 6 6 6 17 21 16 20 20 19 19 21 14 15 16 17 15 8 15 14 15 13 17 SURVEYING 10 10 10 9 9 10 10 10 13 9 9 9 10 10 8 8 10 9 10 7 10 8 10 11 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 P.H.E 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 6 5 2 3 2 7 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 8 5 8 8 8 7 7 9 8 10 8 9 10 9 R.C.C 12 3 12 18 3 14 5 2 3 10 8 13 10 11 10 11 10 8 10 11 7 10 12 7 9 6 10 10 7 7 6 10 6 9 MECHANICS 0 0 2 5 5 1 3 1 6 5 2 5 0 3 12 2 1 11 10 2 6 5 3 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 C.M.A.E. 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 4 1 0 E.C.V 3 2 9 2 4 2 0 0 10 10 10 9 10 9 12 10 7 9 11 7 10 9 10 10 12 12 11 13 11 10 9 7 10 9 H.R.B 4 5 11 7 8 9 8 8 8 7 9 12 8 9 10 3 2 0 6 3 3 4 7 2 5 2 2 0 5 1 3 3 2 3 D.S.M.S 10 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 5 8 4 6 5 9 6 20 16 5 9 5 13 14 17 2 8 11 4 7 6 1 10 11 6 7 I.E 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 2 4 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 8 12 10 8 10 9 9 7 9 9 9 10 8 10 TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 SMFE-SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING, BM-BUILDING MATEARIAL, BCME-BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS AND MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING SOM-STRENGTHS OF MATERIAL, CT-CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY, PHE-PUBLIC HEALTH, ENGINEERING, IE-IRRIGATION ENGINEERING R.C.C.-REINFORCED CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY, CMAED-CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC WORKS ACCOUNTS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT ECV-ESTIMATING, COSTING AND VALUATION, HRB-HIGHWAY RAILWAY AND BRIDGE ENGINEERING. DSMS- DESIGN OF STEEL AND MASONRY STRUCTURES  ESE Subject-wise Analysis Year BMC CPM E.E. FM Hydrol T.E. Irrigati RCC SA SOM Soil Steel Survey ogy on Mechanics 2023 16 12 10 14 1 13 12 11 6 20 14 12 9 2022 13 11 13 13 2 11 8 14 9 16 14 14 12 2021 13 13 11 13 4 13 10 15 6 14 12 13 13 2020 10 12 14 13 4 14 4 16 6 17 13 13 14 2019 13 12 11 12 6 12 8 12 8 20 12 12 12 2018 13 3 16 33 7 10 4 9 10 15 16 9 5 2017 13 4 14 17 10 10 6 9 11 22 24 6 4 2016 30 16 20 53 4 12 10 16 8 27 20 11 13 15 2015 22 13 26 21 9 16 9 19 10 39 24 17 15 2014 26 16 22 22 15 12 9 13 8 30 22 25 20 2013 22 33 22 46 10 8 6 17 16 22 16 13 9 2012 27 8 26 31 10 5 3 18 11 29 29 21 22 2011 20 13 20 34 3 13 11 30 11 15 18 27 19 2010 20 24 15 26 10 17 9 11 14 24 27 26 17 2009 15 18 18 20 10 18 12 24 15 26 27 21 16 2008 27 12 21 16 6 28 3 15 18 21 30 21 15 2007 26 13 20 30 13 20 7 22 13 23 21 23 9 2006 20 11 18 29 15 19 8 25 20 20 20 23 12 2005 18 14 27 13 5 24 6 25 15 25 37 23 8 2004 21 13 29 22 13 15 6 20 17 20 30 24 10 2003 22 19 19 30 11 19 9 22 10 26 22 21 10 (T.E.) = Transportation Engineering  GATE Subject-wise Analysis Year E.E. FM Highway Hydrology Irrigation RCC SA SOM Soil Mechanics Steel Survey 2023 Set-1 8 5 3 3 2 4 5 4 10 2 3 2023 Set-2 10 5 5 2 1 2 4 7 10 1 3 2022 Set-1 8 5 6 2 1 3 4 4 9 1 4 2022 Set-2 9 6 7 2 2 3 4 6 10 2 2 2021 Set-1 10 5 4 4 2 4 5 7 10 2 3 2021 Set-2 9 4 4 4 2 8 2 7 9 2 4 2020 Set-1 8 6 4 1 1 5 6 6 11 2 2 2020 Set-2 8 3 7 4 3 4 7 3 9 3 4 2019 Set-1 6 5 4 3 3 4 4 5 13 5 7 2019 S