Ophthalmology Slides With Answers PDF

Most Commom UHS Ophthalmology slides with answers By Muhammad Aizaz Afzal Lodhi (MBBS) ?What is the diagnosis  ?Complications   Answers Diagnosis : Entropion of lower lid with trichiasis Complications: Chronic conjunctivitis, conjunctival scar, corneal...

Most Commom UHS Ophthalmology slides with answers By Muhammad Aizaz Afzal Lodhi (MBBS) ?What is the diagnosis  ?Complications   Answers Diagnosis : Entropion of lower lid with trichiasis Complications: Chronic conjunctivitis, conjunctival scar, corneal ulcer & corneal opacity ?What is the diagnosis  ?Treatment   Answers Diagnosis : Cicatricial ectropion Treatment : V to Y plasty or Z plasty  ?What is the diagnosis-  - Surgical operation in the lid ?  Answers  Entropion in lower lid, trichiasis & corneal ulcer  Surgical operation:  Lateral canthotomy, lateral canthoplasty  Diagnosis  treatment   Answers : -Stye ttt of P.F. “ staph. Aureus” -local antibiotics & eye drops -Hot fomentation  Diagnosis  Complications  treatment   Answers: -Diagnosis: Ophthalmia neonatorum -Complications: Corneal ulceration , iridocyclitis -ttt: -Prophylactic ttt. -Curative ttt: lotions, topical and systemic antibiotics and atropine ointment in case of corneal involvement.  Diagnosis  etiology   Answer: Phlyctenular conjunctivitis (limbal phlycten) Etiology : Hypersensitivity reaction to endogenous antigens e.g. bacterial antigens as T.B & chlamydia.  Diagnosis  treatment   Answers: -Bulbar spring catarrhal ttt :topical steroids, mast cell stabilizers, anti histaminic Dark glasses & cold compresses.  Diagnosis  causes 2   Answers: -phlycten -Causes: Hyper sensitivity to an endogenous antigen e.g. tuberculo-protein, Intestinal parasites, staphylococcal blepharoconjunctivitis.   Comment on lashes  complications  Answers: -Ulcerative blepharitis -Complications: Chronic conjunctivitis, Madarosis, trichiasis, ptylosis, epiphora, Ectropion, corneal ulcer.   What is this sign called?  pathogenesis  Answers: Sign: Marcus –Gunn phenomenon Pathogenesis: Faulty Innervation “motor fibers from 5th nerve reach levator instead of the 3rd nerve”   Diagnosis  treatment  Answers: Diagnosis: mucopurulent conjunctivitis Ttt: -Eye lotions -Antibiotics ointments e.g. tobramycin at night -Antibiotic eye drops -Hot foments   Comment on conjunctiva & cornea  What are the indications of surgical treatment ?  Answers: Diagnosis: Ptyregium Comment : Conjunctiva > conj. Epith. hyperplasia Cornea >covered by apex of Ptyregium. Indications of surgical ttt: - If encroaches the pupillary area - Progressive type - Cosmetically annoying the patient - Recurrent cases  Cause of this appearance  2 eye drops  Answers: Cause: post. Synechiae 2 eye drops: Atropine sulfate corticosteroids  Diagnosis  Name 2 causes   Answer Diagnosis : rubeosis iridis – Peripheral iridectomy Causes : Diabetic Retinopathy and CRVO  Diagnosis  What is the visual  ?complaint  Answers: Diagnosis: Irido-dialysis Visual complaint : Uniocular diplopia  Diagnosis  Factors affecting prognosis  Answers: Diagnosis: Lt. congenital ptosis Factors affecting prognosis: - Amount of ptosis - Extent of levator function - If 3rd nerve palsy >> correct squint first - If 5th nerve palsy >> postpone the op. till 5th n. regenerates.  A 68y patient complaining of .sudden diminution of vision ?What is the Diagnosis  mention two systemic  predisposing condition  Answers: Diagnosis: CRVO 2 Systemic P.F.: Systemic hypertension & Diabetes mellitus   Diagnosis  Antiviral drugs for ttt  Answers: Diagnosis: Herpetic corneal ulcer “Dendritic ulcer” Antiviral drugs: Acyclovir , vidarabine , T3F & IDU   Diagnosis  What is the suspected refraction of this patient?  Answers: Diagnosis: Keratoconus “ Munson`s sign” Suspected refraction: axial myopia & Astigmatism.   Diagnosis  2 posterior segment diseases cause it  Answer Diagnosis: rubeosis iridis Causes: Diabetic Retinopathy and CRVO  Diagnosis  Deferential diagnosis   Answers: Diagnosis : CRAO D.D.: “For cherry red spot” - Commotio retinae - Quinine poisoning - Macular hole surr. By RD - Amauratic family idiocy   Diagnosis  Expected field of vision  Answers: Diagnosis: Glaucomatous cupping of optic nerve - Expected field of vision: - Tubular field.   Diagnosis  2 syndromes associated with it  mention effect on optic nerve  Answers: Retinitis Pigmentosa 2 Syndromes : Bardet - biedl syndrome Refsum’s disease Effect on optic n.: Waxy disc pallor due to consecutive optic atrophy   The optic disk of this patient show…….  Name a cause for this condition  Answers Comment : Papilleodema Cause: Elevated intracranial tension. A 57y patient with sudden painful  drop of vision IOP is stony hard Name 2 medication for emergency  treatment of this case  Answer  Diagnosis: Acute congestive glaucoma  2 Medications for emergency : hyper-osmotic agent, topical miotics, topical steroids  Ttt: ttt essentially surgical recent….surgical iridectomy late….their is PAS ,an external fistulizing operation.   Nerve& muscle affected ?  Direction of gaze which diagnose this case ?  The main complaint of the patient  Answer  Nerve& muscle affected: Rt Abducent nerve-RT. Lateral rectus  Direction of gaze: To the right  Main complaint: Binocular Diplopia   Diagnosis  Component of it  Answers: Diagnosis: hypermetropia Components: Total , Latent , Manifest hyperopia  Type of squint & its angle  Confirmatory test  Answers: Type of squint : exotropia angle: 30 Confirmatory test: Cover test   Diagnosis  treatment  Answers: Diagnosis: After cataract TTT: - No interference if vision is not affected - If thick : surgical intervention   Diagnosis  treatment  Answers: Diagnosis: myopia TTT: - eye glasses with concave minus lenses - contact lenses - refractive surgery if indicated  What s this inustrument  called ……..Used for   Answers: Instrument: Applanation tonometry (gold mann) usage: IOP measurement  What is the upper lid abnormality?  What are the complications?  Answers: Comment : Left upper lid ptosis Complications: Amblyopia & Squint scoliosis and ocular torticollis.  Comment on lens  This is an association  of………..syndrome  Answer Comment : lens subluxation Syndrome: Marfan’s syndrome A 68y old woman with cataract  extraction. Complaining of drop of vision which was managed What was the cause of drop of  ?vision ?What was the management   Answer Cause: posterior capsular opacification (after cataract) Management: YAG laser capsulotomy Comment on the lower lid  Name 2 possible  complications of this conditions  Answers: Comment: Senile ectropion 2 possible complications: xerosis corneal ulcer   Diagnosis  Name 2 surgical procedures for ttt of this condition  Answers: Diagnosis : Buphthalmos 2 Surgical procedures: -goniotomy -trabeculotomy   What are these field defect called?  Name the cause  Answer Field defect: Bitemporal hemianopia Cause: Optic chiasma lesions (nasal fibers damage) e.g. Pituitary gland tumor   What's the error of refraction in this patient ?  What're the complications of this case ?  Answer Error of refraction : High myopia Complications: Chorio-retinal degenerations retinal tears retinal detachment  Diagnosis  causes 3   Answers Diagnosis: Symblepharon Causes: - Post-trachomatous - Post-operative ( Pterygium excision) - Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid  The eye lid & Conjunctiva show  possible findings in the crystalline lens  Answers Comment : Ecchymosis & subconjunctival hemorrhage" Possible findings: (Concussion cataract " Rosette-shaped" - Lens subluxation or dislocation)   Diagnosis  2 causes  Answers: Diagnosis : Lens subluxation Causes: Marfan's syndrome Homocystenuria & Trauma  ?What's the sign called  possible causes 3   Answers Sign : Leukocoria Causes : Retinoblastoma congenital cataract Retinpathy of prematurity  What is the error of  ?refraction ?How to correct   Answers Error of refraction: Hypermetropia Correction : Spherical Convex "plus" Lens  Diagnosis  mention caustive  organism  Answers: Diagnosis : Hypopyon corneal ulcer Causative organism: pneumococci   Diagnosis  Mention disease cause this  Answers: Diagnosis: exophthalmos Disease : Hyperthyrodism  Diagnosis  treatment   Answers: Diagnosis: Corneal foreign body TTT: Surgical removal  Diagnosis  mention muscle  affected and its nerve supply  Answers: Diagnosis: Left upper lid ptosis Muscle affected : levator palpebrae sup. innervation: oculomotor n.  Diagnosis  Mention 2 complications   Answers: Diagnosis: sublaxated &cataractous lens Complications: lens dislocation 2ry Glaucoma Iridocyclitis  Diagnosis  Mention 2 complications   Answers: Diagnosis: Blood staining of the cornea “total hyphema or 8-ball hyphema” 2Complications: Elevation of IOP Corneal staining  Diagnosis  Mention 2 ttt   Answers: keartic precipitates ttt : Topical : Atropine sulfate & corticosteroids. Systemic: systemic steroids (in severe cases) & Antibiotics (in infective cases)  sederosis bulbi  Patient with foreign body in his eye  from one year In picture you will see one eye normal  )&other eye(black iris