Sleep✅.pdf

Normal sleep and Sleep disorders ‫وﻟ ﮵ﺪ اﻟﻌﻤ ﮵ﺪي‬.‫د‬ Objectives : 1- Physiology of normal sleep pattern 2- Classification , criteria and treatment of sleep disorders A. Circadian cycle. In the absence of outside information about light and dark periods(i.e., zeitgebers , humans show a...

Normal sleep and Sleep disorders ‫وﻟ ﮵ﺪ اﻟﻌﻤ ﮵ﺪي‬.‫د‬ Objectives : 1- Physiology of normal sleep pattern 2- Classification , criteria and treatment of sleep disorders A. Circadian cycle. In the absence of outside information about light and dark periods(i.e., zeitgebers , humans show a circadian cycle, including awake and sleeping states closer to 25 hours than to 24 hours in length. B. Awake state. Beta and alpha waves characterize the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the awake individual. 1. Beta waves over the frontal lobes are commonly seen with active mental concentration. 2. Alpha waves over the occipital and parietal lobes are seen when a person relaxes with closed eyes. 3. Sleep latency (period of time from going to bed to falling asleep) is normally less than 10 minutes. C. Sleep state. During sleep, brain waves show distinctive changes. 1. Sleep is divided into REM (rapid eye movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep consists of stages 1, 2, 3, and 4. 2. Mapping the transitions from one stage of sleep to another during the night produces a structure known as sleep architecture FIGURE 10-1 Sleep architecture in normal young adult a. Sleep architecture changes with age. The elderly often have poor sleep quality because aging is associated with reduced REM sleep and delta sleep (stage 3–4, or slow-wave) and increased nighttime awakenings, leading to poor sleep efficiency (percent of time actually spent sleeping per percent of time trying to sleep). Summary of Characteristics of Sleep in Typical, Depressed, and Elderly People Sleep Measure Typical Young Adult Depressed Young Adult Typical Elderly Adult Sleep latency About 10 min >10 min >10 min REM latency About 90 min About 45 min About 90 min Sleep efficiency About 100%