Ship Construction: DNS SEM -i

Naval Architecture –i DNS SEM -i  GENERAL OBJECTIVE 1.1 Course overview, End of the semester , students will be able to Understand and describe about following: Familiarization with Ship Construction, General drawings, layout, fittings, structures, tanks, etc -Ship Stability Sketch Plan view...

Naval Architecture –i DNS SEM -i  GENERAL OBJECTIVE 1.1 Course overview, End of the semester , students will be able to Understand and describe about following: Familiarization with Ship Construction, General drawings, layout, fittings, structures, tanks, etc -Ship Stability Sketch Plan view & Profile View Of A General Cargo vessel & Gearless Bulk Carrier And Label The Principal Parts (Bow, Stern, Midship, Port, Starboard, Bulbous Bow, Hull, Bridge, Accomodation, Main Mast, Fore Mast, Jack Staff, Ensign Staff, Bridge, Engine Room, Steering Gear Room, Funnel, Upper Deck, Mast House, Crane, Cargo Hold, Hatch Coaming, Hatch Cover, Booby Hatch, Bulwark, Gunwale, Mooring Winch, Windlass, Fairleads, Rollers, Cross Deck, Poop Deck, Fore Castle Deck, Tanks, Fore Peak Tank, Aft Peak Tanks, Double Bottom Tanks, Stores, Chain Locker, Propeller, Rudder, Keel, Gangway, Porthole, Bulkhead, Collision Bulkhead, Manhole, Weather Tight Doors) Gearless Bulk Carrier And Label The Principal Parts General Cargo vessel And Label The Principal Parts https://youtu.be/BwHk5RFfPJo https://youtu.be/_L5CH9s8tpE https://youtu.be/5OyATBfKlTs Bulwark: The planking along the sides of a ship, above the upper deck and below the gunwales, to act as a railing to prevent crew and passengers from falling or being washed overboard. Gunwale: Upper edge or topmost planking of the side of a ship or boat. Booby Hatch -Entrance to Hold Forecastle, Poop, Anchor and Mooring Poop Deck Arrangement Forecastle Deck Poop Deck Arrangement 1.2..Define And Illustrate: Camber, Rise Of Floor, Tumblehome 1.2..Define And Illustrate: Camber, Rise Of Floor, Tumblehome Define And Illustrate: Flare  Define And Illustrate: Camber, Rise Of Floor, Tumblehome ,Flare CAMBER The curvature of the deck in a transverse direction. Camber is measured between the deck height at the centre and the deck height at the side. SHEER OF DECK The longitudinal curve of the vessel decks in a vertical plane, the usual reference being to the ship side. Due to the sheer, a vessel deck height above the baseline is higher at the ends than amidships. TUMBLEHOME The inward curvature of the side shell above the summer load line. FLARE Flare is defined as widening the hull section from bottom to top RISE OF FLOOR The rise of the bottom floor from the centre line in the direction of the side wall of the vessel. Define And Illustrate: Sheer, Define And Illustrate: StemRake, Keel Rake RAKE OF STEM Inclination of the stem line from the vertical. RAKE OF KEEL Inclination of the keel line from the horizontal. Define And Illustrate: Parallel Middle Body, Entrance, Run PARALLEL MIDDLE BODY: The length over which the midship section remains unchanged is called the parallel middle body ENTRANCE : The immersed body of the vessel forward of the parallel middle body. RUN: The immersed body of the vessel aft of the parallel middle body.  Sketch Double Bottom Tanks, Cargo Tanks, ForePeak Tank and label Principal parts DOUBLE BOTTOM TANKS  These tanks are situated at the lowest part of the vessel and are formed by fitting additional plating above the bottom plating, extending from side to side. DBs are used as ballast or bunker tanks. Peak Tanks  These tanks are those found at the forward and aft extremities of the ship. Fore Peak (FPK) tanks is forward of the collision bulkhead & After (or Aft) Peak (APK) is aft of the after peak bulkhead. These are used as ballast tanks Double-bottom structure for longitudinal and transverse framing: i) A watertight centre girder divides the DB into two separate tanks, Port &Stbd.  Side girders are fitted on either side of the centre girder which are not watertight & have lightening holes in them.  The girders extend the full depth of the DBs. ii) In athwartship direction, three types of floors are fitted: a. Watertight floor  These are solid plates extending the full depth & breadth of the tank. They are fitted underneath the watertight bulkheads & provide water tightness between the tanks in longitudinal direction. b. Plate/solid floor:  These are similar to watertight floors but have lightening, air & drain holes cut in them. These are placed at alternate frame spaces along the most of the ship’s length. But in forward quarter length of the ship & in the engine room, they are placed at every frame space. c. Bracket/Open floor:  These are fitted between the plate floors to support the tank top. Instead of a plate, bar is fitted. On each side of the centre girder and at sides, flanged brackets are found Double-Bottom Structure for Transverse Framing Double-Bottom Structure for Longitudinal Framing Forepeak tanks Forepeak tanks Forepeak tanks  https://youtu.be/_NH1o5j90fY Sketch And Label The Following Parts – Sounding Pipes, Air Pipe with Vent Head And Ventilators. What is Sounding? 1.Checking the level of the fluid in a tank is considered as part of sounding process on ship. 2. The final sounding value of the tank is the total quantity of fluid (oil, bilge, sludge, or water) inside a ship’s tank. 3.The initial process is to first measure the depth of the fluid from the surface to the bottom of the tank by using sounding tape.  Sounding.  Sounding & Air pipe arrangement.  Sounding Pipe. 1.The vertical pipe towards the after end of the tank. This pipe starts from the deck (Remote location) and goes right to the bottom of the tank/compartment. 2.Sounding pipe is closed after use to avoid flooding of the compartment during bad weather. 3.It may be flushed with the deck or raised. 4.Closing arrangement is done by use of a cap known as “Sounding pipe cap”. 5.In machinery spaces, this cap is in addition to the automatic closing arrangement (Required for preventing Fire due to leakage of fuel oil vapours).  Sounding Pipe 6.It is open at the bottom to allow liquid to enter the pipe and seek. same level as in tank. So it means that the height of level in the tank can be measured by measuring height of liquid in the sounding pipe. 7.Tanks tables are calibrated to indicate volume with reference to the height of liquid column in the sounding pipe and trim correction. 8.To know the level, a tape called “sounding tape” is lowered in the tank through the sounding pipe from deck. Once the end has reached the bottom, it is pulled out. 9. Liquid level will mark the tape and same is measured on scale of the tape. 10. This reading is referred to tank calibration tables to find volume of liquid in the tank.  Sounding tape.  Sounding & ullage value.  AIR PIPES : 1.Air pipe are fixed to the ceiling of the tank. 2.They allow free flow of air preventing pressure or vacuum, keeping pressure same as atmospheric pressure.. 3. Upper ends of Air pipes have specific fittings to prevent unintentional flooding during bad weather. 4.Air pipe is term used for tanks, void spaces and cofferdam spaces. Essentially they are automatic (Since they automatically correct vacuum and pressure) small ventilators. 5. Term Air pipe is NOT used with CARGO Compartments rather Its Ventilator.  Ventilators: Ventilator ventilates a compartment. Ventilation means a system or means of providing fresh air. Why do we need to ventilate?. 1.To expel heat, odour, toxic gases, cold and replace compartment with fresh air.  Ventilators: Mechanical & Natural.  Ventilators Cowl ventilator Goose-neck ventilator Butterfly Flap nut Hold Ventilators Wheel to move the Baffle plate up or down Spindle Mushroom Mushroom vent head ventilator Baffle plate - Forced Ventilation Spark arrestor mesh - Natural Fan Ventilation Motor Fan section Flanges Fan Mo tor Fan motor supports Tank air-pipe vent heads UNIT -2 2.1. Explain The Draft Marks, Plimsoll Line, Deck Line, Load Lines And Freeboard. Importance of Loadlines LOAD LINES  What is a Load Line  Load line is a special marking positioned amidships which depicts the draft of the vessel.  The maximum permitted limit in distinct types of waters to which the ship can be loaded.  Why it is Important  The fundamental purpose of a Load Line is to prevent overloading of the ships-thus ensuring minimum safety of life ,property and environment. Types of Loadlines 1. There are two types of Load line markings:- Standard Load Line marking – This is applicable to all types of vessels. 2. Timber Load Line Markings – This is applicable to vessels carrying timber cargo. The complete Load line markings consist of 3 vital parts. 1.DECK LINE 2.LOAD LINE DISC AND PLIMSOL LINE 3.LOAD LINES These marks shall be punched on the surface of the hull. The marks shall be painted with white or yellow colour on a dark background/black on a light background. STBD SIDE LOADLINE MARK PORT SIDE LOADLINE MARK LOAD LINE MARKS - STARBOARD SIDE (Dimensions in mm) FWA (mm) =  summer x = SUMMER DRAUGHT 300 4TPCSW 48 25 ‘Always look forward to summer!’ 230 230 TF STATUTORY FREEBOARD 540 F RD 1.000 (FW) T FWA x S RD 1.025 (SW) x W 300 450 Load Lines (MAR Rev. 03/01/01) LOAD LINE MARKS - STARBOARD SIDE (Dimensions in mm) FWA (mm) =  summer x = SUMMER DRAUGHT 300 48 25 4TPCSW ‘Always look forward to summer!’ 230 230 TF STATUTORY FREEBOARD 540 F RD 1.000 (FW) T FWA x S RD 1.025 (SW) x W 50 300 WNA * 450 * Ships 100 m or less Load Lines (MAR Rev. 03/01/01) 1.Deck Line is a horizontal line measuring 300mm by 25mm. 2.Load Line Disc is a 300mm diameter and 25mm thick round- shaped disc. A horizontal line intersects it. The upper edge of the horizontal line marks the ‘Summer saltwater line’, also known as the ‘Plimsoll Line. 3.Load Lines – Load lines are horizontal lines are extending forward and aft from a vertical line placed at a distance of 540mm from the centre of the disc. They measure 230mm by 25mm. The upper surfaces of the load lines indicate the maximum depths to which the ships may be submerged in different seasons and circumstances. S – Summer:- It is the primary freeboard line at the same level as the Plimsoll Line. Other load lines are marked based on this Summer freeboard line. T – Tropical:- It is 1/48th of the summer draft marked above the Summer load line. W – Winter:- It is 1/48th of the summer draft marked below the Summer load line. WNA – Winter North Atlantic:- It is marked 50mm below the Winter load line. It applies to voyages in North Atlantic ( above 36 degrees of latitude) during the winter months. F – Fresh Water:- It is the summer freshwater load line. The distance between S and F is the Fresh Water Allowance (FWA). TF – Tropical Fresh Water is the freshwater load line in Tropical. It is marked above the T at an amount equal to FWA.  SEASONAL ZONES  Summer — not more than 10 per cent winds of force 8 Beaufort (34 knots) or more.  Tropical — not more than 1 per cent winds of force 8 Beaufort (34 knots) or more. Not more than one tropical storm in 10 years in an area of 5 degrees square in any one separate calendar month. In certain special areas, for practical reasons, some degree of relaxation has been found acceptable. Load line zone QUESTIONS  What is draft / draught of a vessel and its importance? 2.3..Draw Draft marks over 2 meters range (ONLY IN METERS) WORKSHEET Q.1 2 2.0 M 8 (a) 6 4 (b) (c) 2 1.0 M 8 (d) 2.3..Draw Draft marks over 2 meters range (ONLY IN METERS) WORKSHEET Q.2 2 3.0 M 8 (a) 6 4 (b) 2 (c) 2.0 M 8 (d) 2.4. Explain LOA.LBP ,FP ,AP  Length over All (LOA) Extreme length measured parallel to design water line From most aft to most forward structural point of the vessel. Forward point may be on the stem or bulbous bow LENGTH BETWEEN PERPENDICULARS (LBP) is the distance measured along the summer load water plane from the after to the fore perpendicular length of Lloyd’s Register- for a Lloyd's Register vessel. It is the same as length between perpendiculars except that it must not be less than 96% and need not be more than 97% of the extreme length on the summer load line. EXTREME BREADTH The maximum breadth over the extreme points between port side and starboard of the ship. MOULDED BEAM or BREADTH The greatest breadth of the ship measured between the inside edges of the shell plating. EXTREME DEPTH OF A VESSEL Depth of a ship from upper deck to underside of keel MOULDED DEPTH FORWARD PERPENDICULAR (FP) The forward perpendicular (FPP) is defined as a vertical line passing through the intersection of the designed load waterline and the forward face of the ship's stem. AFT PERPENDICULAR (AP) A perpendicular drawn to the waterline at the point where the after side of the rudder post meets the summer load line. AMIDSHIP In the middle of a ship, either longitudinally or laterally.  Maximum Height: Funnel / Mast / Antenna Air Draft Deckline Cam ber Freeboard W L Moulded Extreme MouldedMoulded Breadth Extreme Depth Depth Draft Draft (Mld B) (Mld D) (Ext D) Extreme Breadth (Ext B) Base line Base line DRAFT OF A SHIP The draft or draught of a ship's hull is the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the hull (keel). FREEBOARD Freeboard is the distance measured from the waterline to the upper edge of the deck plating at side of the freeboard deck amidships. Ships must have a load line mark located amidships on both sides to indicate the maximum allowable draught under specified conditions (geographical and seasonal). AIR DRAFT Air draft (draught) is a term used to describe the distance from the top of a vessel's highest point to its waterline. Vertical clearance is the distance in excess of the air draft that allows a vessel to pass safely under a bridge or object. BASE LINE Base Line is a horizontal line drawn at the top of the keel plate. ABEAM Abeam means a perpendicular direction that is straight out from the middle of the vessel on either side. RIGHT AHEAD When looking forward, toward the bow of a ship, port and starboard refer to the left and right sides, respectively. RIGHT ASTERN Something that is astern is at the back of a ship or behind the back part of the ship. BOW Bow is the forward part of the hull of a ship , the point that is usually most forward when the vessel is underway. STERN The stern can be defined as the aft most section of a vessel. It is the backmost part of a vessel that serves a lot of function TRIM Trim is the inclination of the ship's designed horizontal fore and aft plane with the surface of the water in which she floats. Thank you