Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 10 Coursebook PDF

SHAP001 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 10 Course Book PRE-TUTORIAL: OVERVEW OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Fill in the blanks: The endocrine system is the collection of glands that producehormones...

SHAP001 Human Anatomy and Physiology Week 10 Course Book PRE-TUTORIAL: OVERVEW OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Fill in the blanks: The endocrine system is the collection of glands that producehormones _______ that _______ regulate ________, _______ and ______, tissue function,sexual metabolism _____ function, r__________, sleep, growth development eproduction and mood, among other things. The endocrine system works together with the n_________ system to maintain a errors stabilized internal environment. Endocrine vs Nervous System Endocrine system Nervous system Speed slower / faster slower / faster Transport medium blood / nerve blood / nerve widespread / localised widespread / localised Effect long-term / short-lived long-term / short-lived SHAP001 Week 10 Coursebook 1  PRE-TUTORIAL A: ORGANS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Organs of endocrine system: (Label the structures) hypothalamus Pinealgland pituffhd Thyroid payoff's Thymus adrenalglands kidneys Pancreas hormones secreted insulin glucagon ovaries Testes Endocrine gland: (Fill in the blanks) A g______ land is any structure that m______ akes and s_______ earetesa hormone eg sweat e g anythingthatgoesinto blood Figure 1: Exocrine and endocrine glands SHAP001 Week 10 Coursebook 2  Based on this diagram above, illustrate the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands: Exocrine glands Endocrine glands Duct involved? Yes / no Yes / no Bloodstream involved? Yes / no Yes / no Secretory product released Secretory product released directly to an internal organ or the into b_________, loodstreameventually Route of secretion external surface through a reaching the target organ d_____ Uct Examples of the glands Pituitary (give at least 2 examples) Saliva Example of secretory products (give at least 2 59 ine stimulatinghormoneadrenalin examples) Enzymesamylaselipase hyp saliva glucagon aYt hin Pancreas is endocrine and exocrine glands at the same time. Based on the following diagram, explain why this is so. Figure 2: Anatomy of pancreas ______________________________________________________________________________ The pancreas isendocrinebyreleasing hormoneslikeinsulinintothe ______________________________________________________________________________ blood andexocrinebysecretingdigestiveenzymes intoducts SHAP001 Week 10 Coursebook 3  TUTORIAL A: HORMONES Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the blood, which carries them to organs and tissues of the body to exert their functions. A hormone can only trigger a reaction in s______ c____ which are t____ c____. pecific ells arget ells specificcellssecrete 1 2 specifichormones donotneedtobindto anycarriermessengerIt cantravelfreelyinthe bloodstream Hormone receptors – responsible for the specific actions on target cells SHAP001 Week 10 Coursebook 4  Hydrophilic - Free hormones bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of target cells. This causes activation of the second messenger, which then leads to a series of other reactions. on Hollowe 8,9 48 Hydrophobic - Free hormones go directly to the target cell without the need of a receptor. The hormone will on followed then bind to the receptor inside 854 the nucleus. estraits'cY 98ha translation process eg tein ipgyqqscf.PK Function of receptors: act like switches turning on metabolic pathways when hormone binds to them Specificity: hormones stimulate only those cells that have receptors for them receptor Location: 1. on ___________________: ____________ hormones plasmamembranehydrophilic 2. in the __________ or the nucleus: __________ hormones cytoplasm hydrophobic Saturation: usually each target cell has a few thousand receptors for a given hormone; the receptors become saturated when all receptor molecules are occupied by hormone molecules SHAP001 Week 10 Coursebook 5  seriesofeventsinformationbeingpassedon TUTORIAL A: HORMONE CASCADE Hormone cascades describe how a lot of the hormone activity that’s bubbling along inside of you is the result of one kind of hormone bossing around the cells that produce another kind of hormone. These pathways typically start with an internal stimulus - often coming from the hypothalamus or pituitary gland - and end in the target glands that release hormones into the blood, to get the real work of living done. A. Hypothalamus: Provides highest level of endocrine control Regulates primitive functions of the body from water balance and thermoregulation to sex drive and childbirth Many of its functions are carried out by pituitary gland 95 99 I s 59.9.1 9Fndibulum Eight hormones are produced in hypothalamus: Six regulate (i.e. stimulate or inhibit) the anterior pituitary: CRH, TRH, GHRH, GHIH, PRF, PIH and GnRH. Two are produced in hypothalamus; and then transported and stored in the posterior pituitary from where they are released into the blood circulation (Oxytocin and ADH) SHAP001 Week 10 Coursebook 6  GH stimulates skeletal growth by Prolactin promotes the growth of mammary stimulating liver production of alveoli, which are the components of the 1 somatomedin which, in turn, stimulates longitudinal bone growth. mammary gland, where the actual production of milk occurs. THE eam toplevel Gonadotropin-releasing hormone causes the pituitary gland in the brain to make and secrete 2ndlevel the hormones luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 3rd34th level SHAP001 Week 10 Coursebook 7  B. The control of hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion by _______________ feedback negative examples tes serone By eg The hypothalamus releases a speci c hormone such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) into the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland then releases thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which travels to the target endocrine organ (in this case, the thyroid gland). The target organ produces thyroid hormones which then stimulates the target cells (e.g. thyroid tissues: follicular cell and parafollicular cell). SHAP001 Week 10 Coursebook 8  TUTORIAL A: HORMONE EXERCISES The diagram below shows the production of different types of hormones at the pituitary glands. P kidney bean Identify P, Q, R, S, T, X and Y. fates tastiest P: prolactin Q: adrenline R: growthhormone S: thyroidstimulatinghormoneTSH T: folliclestimulatinghormoneFSH X: ADH antidiuretichormone Y: Oxytocin OXT SHAP001 Week 10 Coursebook 9