Sex Crime and Culture PDF

**Sex crime and culture** Fries- freely given,Reversible, Informed ,Enthusiastic, specific. This is what defines consent aka sex Each states have their own laws California- 14 no such thing as consensual sex with someone younger than them, they can have sex with a 14 or 15 year old. 16- can hav...

**Sex crime and culture** Fries- freely given,Reversible, Informed ,Enthusiastic, specific. This is what defines consent aka sex Each states have their own laws California- 14 no such thing as consensual sex with someone younger than them, they can have sex with a 14 or 15 year old. 16- can have sex with 16,17,18,19,21 legal if consensual or no signs or coercion The moment something is not consensual it is a sex crime - If someone Is high or intoxicated goes into grey territory - Unconscious while asleep is rape. Rape culture: **Types of sex crime-** - Now always in person. Flashing genitals - Cyber sex crime, posting or sending a pic of someone non consensually. - Rape myth: rape and anal rape are the same - Sodomy- child rape **Sexual assault --** one single incident **Sexual abuse --** on going Drug facilitated sexual assault- someone being roofied, alcohol is the most common Technology facility sexual assault revenge porn, sending or posting explicit stuff without consent, **Types of rape '** **Corrective rape-** rape u straight Correctional rape- rapped by staff in correctional place Date rape- first time meeting, acquaintance rape Gang rape- ate least two people Military sexual trauma- military sex crimes Revenge rape Prison rape Rape of children Statutory rape- Spousal rape- Serial rape- sexual homicide Neurobiology of sexual trauma, t consolidation, and rape trauma syndrome (no ongoing more of an assault) The brain Amygdala: the brains emotional computer and alarm system (fight/ flight/ freeze/ fawn) Hippocampus: Storage for recent memories Thalamus: translates sights, sounds, smells, and into something the brain can understand Prefrontal cortex: analysis, r8decision-making, reasoning Stress hormones too much stress hormones is what makes you sick - Cortisol( the stress hormone) - Raises blood sugar - Delays ovulation Hormones- chemical messengers that travel thro9ugh blood stream to organs and tissues to control bodily functions Neurotransmitters- chemical messengers that carry signals between neurons muscles and glands allowing the brain to function Adrenal glands- produce hormones and neurotransmitters called catecholomines AKA "HPA AXIS"- major players in ur system responsible for how u react and feel about things Watch: petals of a rose DID; split personality, you would get it by 7 years old, you have different alters Vagus nerve Memory processes impacted by trauma - Stress can overwhelm memory - Most people for sex crimes, there is about 2% of people who lie. - Both structures are very sensitive to hormonal fluctuations - Importance of building rapport through first tending to basic needs Flashbacks- not remembering something but reliving an incident - Can look similar to a panic attack - Survivor is involuntarily transported back in time but to the person it does not seem so What happens during a sexual assault - Increased stress hormones - Impaired functioning in hippocampus - Memories fragmented - Memory activation can be unpredictable and traumatic - Events of the assault can be recalled accurately. - How someone tells a story is not a indicator of truth. They can be dissociated Tonic Immobility (TI) - AKA rape induced paralysis - Brain detecting danger and becomes fawn, complete collapse, - Entire nervous system stops - Increased breathing, eye closure, paralysis - 12-50% rape victims experience TI during assault - More common in victims who have been assaulted before (childhood or adult) Triggers - Smell is most strongly linked to memory - Senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, touch Signs of dissociation - Lost time (content) - "There but not there" - Intellectualization, disconnection, detachment (of mind, body, emotions) Physical effects of sexual assault - Soreness - Bruising - Bleeding - Difficulty walking - STI - UTI - Broken bones - Involuntary shaking - Sexual dysfunction - Pregnancy Rape trauma syndrome- not on going, after incident 6 stages 1. Initial shock- immediate reaction, crying, enraged, numb, terrified, forgetting, immobile 2. Acute phase- can begin days or weeks after initial shock, acute sensitivity, hyper-alertness, nausea, vomiting, thoughts of suicide, paralyzing anxiety 3. Outward adjustment phaser- months or years they seem to have moved on, job, relationship etc, sense of pushing down what happene, explanation, minimization, suppressions 4. Underground stage- returning life to normal, may last for years, identify what happened to them, realization it was real, not wanting to talk about it. Difficulty concentrating some disassociation 5. Reorganization stage- a return to internal and external emotional Turmoil 6. Renormalization stage- acceptance it was real, no longer a central focus, feelings such as guilt, shame resolve, self awareness and ways of copping Sex crimes against children Grooming- manipulating someone younger not always sexual. Building trust with someone to slowly introduce a sexual relationship Predictor gaining trust - children are usually sexual abused by someone they know and trust - Every 9 mins but likely more, CPS finds evidence of sex crimes CSA - 1 in 4 girls are sexually abused - 1 in 4-6 boys are sexually abused - Sexual abused children a retwice as likely to 1. Be in CJ system 2. Lifelong mental health issues 3. Die or attempted suicide - Child sexual asssult occurs while children are still developing neurologically and emotionally. Reversal of roe v. wade impacts survivors of sexual abuse and assault let alone incest Teen dating violence - 22% of women and 15% of men first experience some form of partner violence between ages 11-17 among victims of rape or physical violence - 1 in 12 students reported experience in sexual dating violence - LGBTQ and immagrent teens have a higher likelihood or not reporting - Sexual violence is about exerting power and control over another. Not about sex or gender - Grooming- intentional bonding by offender towards victim that takes place slowly and over time Signs 1. Gift giving 2. Hugging or touching 3. Special attention 4. A lot of energy befriending the child's caregiver and gaining trust Often misleading and a well known person When a child physically sexually assaults another child, that is the number one indicator that child is being abused because they learned it somewhere. INCEST- sexual relations between people classified as being too closely related to marry each other. Almost all states criminalize iciest between adults Includes - Rape - Molestation - Porno - Exploiting - Even two related people "consenting" to having sex Emotional incest - Parent treats older child and seeks emotional needs that is absent with their child Incest is the largest commonality between drug and alc addiction, chronic mental health, sees workers, criminal nactivity Huge stigma; people normally think of it Being limited to fathers and daughters A lot of victim blaming Second and third cousins are generally free to marry and first cousins are fre to be together in most states Each states have own laws and restriction ALMOST all states criminalize incests between adult relatives May take decades to acknowledge due to stigma Incest includes a power dynamic in family Grooming results in trauma bonding External symptoms - Change in behavior - Absence, separation anxiety - Increased irritability - Decline in hygiene - Avoiding sleep - Re-creating Sex trafficking and exploitation 1. **Force** 2. **Fraud** 3. **Coercion** What can be trafficked 1. Drugs, animals, people, organs, weapons Sex trafficking Labor trafficking - children's are the most commonly CSEC Sexual exploitation- using soemone for sexual purposes by either - abusing ones position of power - Taking advantage of someone else's vulnerability trust - Includes CSA and CSAM (child sexual abuse material, child pornography) Commercial sex act - Act sex for money or basic needs CSEC is anything above applying to children Sex trafficking-use or force or fraud coercion to obtain some type of commercial sex act of sexual exploitation - 236 billion dollar 80% is from sexual exploitation (most common form) - Average age of entry 12-14 youngest 0 Where does this happen? - Internet (most common) - Streets - Homes - Bars clubs - Hotels Trafficker- person selling and making profit, "daddy" "pimp" "mama" Person being trafficked- the victim " prostitute" "whore" abuser Person purchasing victim "exploiter" "aka date, john, trick" abuser Pimp controlled trafficking- trafficked by soemone unrelated and is groomed the child Familial trafficking- strongest trauma bond, trafficked by a person who is perceived by the child to be a family member not directly related to the child but called "auntie" Gang controlled trafficking- child trafficked by gang Buyer perpetrated trafficking- stranger exploiting child not having basic needs met Victims - Anyone but mainly women and girls who are black and indigenous migrants or immigrant, CPS, homeless, foster home, LGTBQ youth Traffickers and exploiters- anyone including business owners, gangs, cults, family members, friends, serial sex offenders Like child sexual abuse victims usually known their traffickers San Diego, LA, San Fran have the highest density of CSEC areas Types of traffickers GORILLA- "tell anyone and ill kill you're entire family" violent, raped jumped threatened ROMEO- groomer, exploiting child's needs to belong and be loved "no one else understands me like you" CEO- most with labor trafficking, using fraud or promise you they're a agent, "you have what it takes to make it big" pushing for nude shots Trafficking stages 1. Recruitment 2. Control 3. Exploitation- sold to people or groups, highest risk of early death Exception being born BOTTOM- with trafficker the longest, has strongest trauma bond - Often the traffickers right hand - Post ads, collect money, oversights or train new victims - Highest risk of being killed by trafficker. - Subject to most severe abuse - Arrested and prosecuted with the trafficker Motivational interviewing- O-open ended question A-affirmations R-reflections S-summarization Pedophile rings - Group of people who take part in sexual activity involving children, or view and distribute images of child abuse - Perpetuators abuse multiple victims Sexual abuse can include - One on one activity - Group sex - Child porn - Torture or murder of children 3 kinds 1. Solo ring- keeps photos secret, no hierarchy, 2. Transition ring- moment they share content or victims virtual, physical 3. Syndicated ring- established, structured, around for a while, involved in all aspects, involved in activity as well as hosting orgys, sometimes international Grooming is the main tactic, takes years to get any susbstance for law enforcements People in society we view as good people, judges, lawyers, doctors Institutional CSA - Sexual abuse of children perpetrated by members of an institution to business can be sanctioned - Ex: guard to inmates, church, nuns, priest,medical facilities Cults Ramcoa R- ritual A-abuse M-mind C- control O- Organized A abuse Ritual abuse is not the same as ritualistic murder Ritual abuse- ceremonial type of sexual abuse, usually in a group Always involoves drugging and abuse Nature of the abuse is so bizarre for probable deniability **Usually performed in a group setting** as an integral part of that belief system's rituals; more than one perp at a time, but not always) **o Combination of sexual abuse, torture, and murder** o **Drugging and indoctrination**, to induce a dissociative trance state; often simultaneous with sexual torture, brain control, yelling at someone at the top of lungs for long periods of time while starving, drugged, to the point where u believe it and dissociation o **Children are tortured almost to the point of death** and are often forced to abuse others o **Mind control** (MC) techniques used, to cause terror, dissociation, and silence o MC and indoctrination are integrated into groups's belief system or ideology o Ex. causing victim to believe perpetrator can command evil spirits - If people bring up things that sounds so bizarre question it and be curious and not assume they're crazy - Hard to get out alive - All tactics used to induce terror, obedience Talk about how its important to learn abut ritual abuse to better understand a survivor who is trying to find someone who believes them because for a long time not a lot of people knew about this frustrating to know that elite powerful people are abke to do it and so many people don't get caught.. Torture - Frequent use of electric shocks - Drug induced Armenia - Hemet with speakers - Conditioning someone to do an act - Forcing victims to abuse each other so they're too ashamed to say something - Staged scenes "dr office, space ship, black mask, drug child and while being tortured they're experiencing something that feels real" Dissociation training - Priming brain to be desiccated - Doing things such as spinning a child to prime them to dissociate (spin training) - Perpetrators learn what causes how to form a child's brain and using mind control Sex slave program - Pumped full of LSD that they didn't make sense, top secret cia project - Conducted to assess dissociative anesthtics Ramcoa effects - Loss of choice and free will - Dishminished intellectual ability - Poor judgment Recovery - Will need medical care - Will need a lot of mental health treatment from professionals who believe RA is real - Will have a high likelihood of being accessed by perpetrator group via return - Will be very difficult time assimilating into world, feeling o not belonging Sex crimes against adults Substance facilitated sexual assault Rohypnol most well know date rape drug but most common is ALCOHOL - Used to blackout,, dissociate Most common source of victim blaming is alcohol - Often used In date rape, domestic violence, sex trafficking Technology facilitated sexual assault - Online sexual harassment: receiving unwanted sexually explicit images - 3000 websites are dedicated to revenge porn - The internet is forever Group rape- comprises 10% of rapes Being sexed in- aka train, or anything having sex with multiple people Stranger rape- 15% of rape cases - Often overlaps with intersecting crimes of robbery, home invasion, physical assault - Only slightly higher rate of reporting Child perpetrators, re-enactment - A child sexually abusing another kid means they have not only experienced abuse but sexual abuse COCSA- child on child sexual abuse - Although majority of SCA victims do not become sex offenders many adult sex offenders were csa victims - The younger the sex offender the more likely they were victims of CSA Not until recently that children can no longer be put on sex offender registry in California Reenactment doing something to another person that was doing it to them - Can be conscious but usually unconscious Impulses can be because of being insecure, getting back, showing how strong they are - Immature way of thinking - Negative triggers Common characteristics - High levels of personal sexual and physical victimization - Family history of abuse - Impulsive behavior - Use of porn - Deficit in empathy - History of maltreatment - Lack of supervision Cognitive distortion- thinking errors - Beliefs or attitudes that can justify or support CSA FINKELHORS- if all four of these are met, child needs to - Have some motivation to abuse - Overcome any internal inhibitions against acting on this motivation - Overcome external impediments to committing CSA - Overcome or undermine a victims possible resistance to the abusive behavior \\ The menendez brothers Brothers murdered their parents in 1989 Paraphilias and sexually motivated crimes and signatures Paraphilia- "other" "loving" classification of a mental health disorder, referring to an atypical sexual arousal about something other than consenting adult genitals - Ex, objects, animals, dead body, foot - Whenever the desires or fantasies become very involved in ur life. Beyond a fetish Paraphillic disorder: when paraphilia causes distress, impairments, personal harm , to someone's lives There are eight individual disorders Two groups 1. Anomalous activity - Courtships disorders, distorted components of human courtship behavior - Algolagnic disorder, involve pain and suffering 2. Anomalous target: includes pedophilia and fetishes Kink- umbrella turn for non stream sexual interest Fetish- type of kink that's specific, ex: sex on cold metal surfaces BDSM- bondage, discipline, domination and submission, and sadism and maschosm **The difference between BDSM and abuse is consent** Voyeuristic disorder- observing an unsuspected person ex: non consenting person being watched changing Exhibionistic disorder- exposing someone to someone genitals, very telling who they expose themselves too. Unsuspecting person Frotteuristic disorder- touching or rubbing against a non consenting person Masochostic disorder- recurrent sexual arousal from being humiliated, beaten, or anything physical or psychological suffering Sexual sadism disorder- intense sexual arousal from extreme inflicting pain on others. Either acting or feeling become overwhelming - Child trauma, humiliation Almost all who convictied are males LEE mellows sexual sadistic cycle - Getting off by someone's reaction to pain - Infliction of negative stimuli Fedishtstic disorder- sexual arousal towards non living object or no genital body part to the point of being insanely distressing, unable to function Transvestism disorder - Getting intense sexual arousal for cross dressing, fabric, clothing touching them Pedophilic disorder- child or children, either acted on or have severe urges Not all individuals who sexually assault children are pedophiles. - Their sexual arousal is towards children, - But someone who might chose a child because m'they are vulnerable does not make them a pedophile Sexually motivated crimes - What motivates someone to sexually offend - Thinking error "I got away with it so its ok" "cognitive distortion" Behavior reflects personality M.O method of operation \- an offenders MO during commission of a crime Rapist- usually have a very extreme perception of sex roles. Victim blaming and extremely impulsive Child sexual abusers- deficit in information processing and how they deal with stress. Seeing sexual child abuse as normal due to thinking error Internet sexual offender- viewing sharing or luring children to produce sexual acts. Sandler v freeman found relational offenders - Female offenders didn't see it as wrong and saw it as showing love - Victims were likely to be teens k Rapist typology Howard Barbaree- most rapes are impulsive and opportunistic. - Tend to show no anger except in response to their victims resistance Nicholas growth - Types of rapes based on rapist goal - Types: power, anger, assistive Power-reassurance, serial rapist towards stranger, often premeditated or stalking behavior Inadequacy - Sexual fanstasy on victim - Very insecure and rape is not always sexual but power dominated - Most likely to flee - Sense of inadequency - Rationalize that if the victim isn't reciprocating then they think they chose the wrong victim - Most delusional Power assertive- most acquaintance, self centered , - Narcissistic, macho - Rape is more impulsive, spontaneous and unplanned - Often rape the same day the met the person - Will use just enough force to get what they want, usually no external weapons - Short duration - Willing to go further away from familiar setting because they have confidence - Big ego, Anger- - Felt very wronged - Causing the worst thing to someone who they feel wronged them - Insecure but doesn't come off, masking their insecurities by overcompensating - Some are sexual sadist - Act on impulse, women have looked down on them or wronged by a specific target. - Sadistic -- - Most predominated - Rehearse and mentally over and over - Often kidnap - "Ritualistic" rape - Infliction of pain is eroticized - Sexual pleasure from inflicting pain - Psychopath, non emotional - May suddenly alternate to reassuring - Extended duration, struggle increases pleasure - Symbolism, knife, mutilation - Chosing people who they know aren't looking for - Torture often culminates in murder - Usual no prior criminal record Sexual homicide- evidence of sexual evidence on a homicide Macdonald triad- combination of behaviors seen in children's childhood of serial killers - Bed wetting (abuse) - Fire setting (hard time controlling impulses) - Animal cruelty (lack of empathy) - Most research show this is a precursor of serial killers - \- Machiavellian's - Psychopathy - Narcissism Evidence - Lack of attire on victim - Seman near or on body - Sexualized posititon of body after dead - Multiple stabbing or cutting Pornographic material around victims body Writing or messaging Motive - Reason and motivation of crime - We're they tied to the perpetrator - Was it domestic abuse - Psychotic motive Victims of sexual homecide tend to be female, but females can be perpetrators Four categories of sexual homecide Interpersonal type - Most common, sexual domestic dispute - Preexisting romantic relationship, currently or had been in past or siblings - Most common motive: jealousy, revenge Rape- - Primary attempt was to rape - Usually stranger, physically harming most of the time they don't intend to kill but lack of impulsive control they kill - Excessive force - If not by accident, they kill to prevent from being in trouble - Evidence of strangulation often - Victims die of shock, decrease blood pressure on top of losing blood Deviant orientated assault - Missalanous category - Lust murder or psychotic - Often mutalation - Disorganized,often not sexual penatration, or post Mortum mutalation. organized- deviant orientated with sexual penetration and overkill wound Serial murder- - 3+ people over 30 years with a significant cooling off period between killings usually a month in between at least - Very manipulative - Usually talk to victim in comfort zone - 100% psychopath or sociopath - Often use a ruse (fraud) to gain victims trust , wear a cast, offer jobs to kids, offer rides, pose as police - Motive: they like to kill, enjoy and hunt - Learn from each kill but caught by accident Common mental health - Antisocial personality disorder - Narcissistic disorder - Delusional disorder Sex offender registry and rehabilitation + survivor recovery and healing Assessment tools State authorized risk assessment tools for sex offenders - Evidence based state authorized risk assessment tools used for evaluation sex offenders prior to release - Most accurate ways to predict offender recidivism STATIC 99R- basic line risk Stable 2007 (dynamic risk - How can person cope with distress and what is support system LS/CMI (violence risk) - Predictive of the risk of violence re-offending Juvenile sexual offense recidivism Prior to 2021, you can be on registry for life SB 384, went into effect and implemented a three tiered sex offender registry Tier 1- all misdemeanor, not required to go on public registry, not on Megan's law but on registry - Indecent exposure - Misdemeanor child porn - Misdemeanor sexual battery - Requires registration as a sex offender fo 10 years, or 5 years for minors - Can petition to be removed from the sex offender Tier 2- mid level felonies - Includes incest - 20 years or 10 years for minors , can be petitioned to be removed after serving min. Tier 3- for more serious sex offenses - Felony posssession of porn usually younger age - Pimping and pandering of minor - Many cases of rape - Requires registration for life - No eligible to be removed Megan's Law (1996) - Raped and killed by adult child molester who lived across street from their home, she disappeared. Perpetrator was involved in search - After he was caught he was previously convicted and living with two other sex offenders - Authorizes local law enforcement agencies to notify the public about specific RSO deemed to pose a risk to public safety Jessica's law (2006) - Originated in Florida - After 9 year old abducted and killed and assaulted - Father advocated for new legislation, strengthening regulations about tracking released sex offenders, ankle monitors - Increased the penalties for and broadened the definition of certain sex crimes - Eliminated early release credit, good behavior for some RSO of certain sex crimes - Extends prison and parole - Requires GPS for convicted felony sex offenders Tier 1 offenders are not posted to Megan's law website unless deemed to pose a specific and demonstrable threat to a community General psychotherapy- take responsibility for actions CBT- individually or group - You can control your emotions but you can change thoughts and feelings to make you not do certain behaviors - Explores underlying causes beliefs emotions and thoughts related to offending behaviors - Addressed cognitive distortions that lead to antisocial behaviors Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) - Helpful for trouble controlling impulses - Harm reduction, intro to healthy copying skills, distress tolerance and mindfulness - Practice pro social behaviors and problem solving skills - Medical treatment- aka castration - Physical removal or gonands or ovaries (sex hormones) - \- goals is to emilinate sexual urges - Entirely voluntarily Chemical castration- use of medication to reduce sex Hormone production - Reversible - Used to be used on men who were gay when it was illegal - Someone can be REQUIRED to undergo chemical castraction with combined mandated psychological treatment - Pro: controls urges to sexually offend - Opp: violates 8^th^ amendment and has side effects 8 states allow castration Castration laws in CA only apply for sex offenses against minors Sexual offender commitment program- depending on their risk level, some offenders may qualify as a sexually violent predator - When a SVP inmate in CA is within six months of parole, they are referred to the department of state hospitals for a mental health evaluation Restorative justice- CJ system offers reconciling with victims, - Victims and perpetrators meet and talk with hopes of making amends **Survivors:recovery and healing** Treatments for survivors Psychiatry- are there to prescribe medication with support in conjunction Intense outpatient- multiple times per week, intense therapy - Group therapy ' - Outpatient psychotherapy - Partial hospitalization program - Residential facility Often times all covered by insurance Case management - Victim advocacy - Court accompaniment Stages of trauma recover 1. Safety and stabilization - Harm reduction - Coping skills 2. Remembrance and mourning - When survivor is safe and stable - Cope with processing memory of trauma h; 3. Reconnection and reintegration Sex crimes FINAL EXAM REVIEW Foundation - Fries , freely given, reversible, informed, enthusiastic, specific, describes consent - Historic evolution of how sex crimes were treated, stigmatized the women was often blamed and treated as property crime. Males, sex workers, married women, gay people, slaves not considered victims or protected - Who experiences sex crimes- , not specific, anyone can be victim or perpetrator, EVERYONE. - Trauma informed languages- survivor instead of victim, if someone was rapped we don't say "sex" because no consent. - Stigmas and bias,- rape culture, sexual assault against males have historically been called sodomy or "male rape" wrong its called rape or sexual assault. Neurobiology - TI- AKA rape induced paralysis, autonomic response in extremely fearful situations, 12-50% of rape victims experience during assault. Freeze response possum. Involuntary - Memory processses- impacted by trauma. Amygdala and hippocampus stops processing emotions and memories and diverted to stress hormones (cortisol, adrenaline) - Threat responses- fight (physically act out) flight (running away, hiding) freeze(TI,unreactive) fawn (going through motions to appease person, flopping, being compliant) - Trigger - 5 senses- smell and touch is most linked to memory or dates and times or locations can be a trigger. - Flashbacks- are reliving a situation not just remembering. Flashbacks can look similar to a panic attack - Dissociation- Lost time (content) "There but not there" Intellectualization, disconnection, detachment (of mind, body, emotions). Involuntary defense mechanism. DID most extreme form - - Rape trauma syndrome- describes the physical and emotional response and period after initial shock usually days or weeks. Forgiveness is not part of rape trauma syndrome. - 1\. Initial Shock - 2\. Acute Phase - 3\. O utw ard Adjustm ent Phase - 4\. Underground Stage - 5\. Reorganization Stage - 6\. Renorm alization Stage Sex crimes against children- Grooming- intentional bonding by offender towards the victim that takes place slowly over time for sexual exploitation Stages in grooming 1. Targeting 2. Gaining trust 3. Filling need 4. Isolating child 5. Sexualizing relationship 6. Maintaining control Incest- sexual relations classified as two people being closely related to each other. Legal in some states with exceptions of marriage and kids Perpetrator trends -- trusting in someone a child knows. Acquaintances or family usually. Trusted individual Common vs uncommon sexual behaviors in children Teen sexual dating violence Institutional CSA- juvenile detention centers, churches.sanctioning of sexual abuse in an institution. If something is protected by the institution. Church, school. SART- sexual assault response team, Forensic interviewing Sex trafficking and exploitation 3 elements of sex trafficking- Child pornography- child sexual assuault Beta programming- sex slave programming Pedophile rings- online, syndicative, solo Ritual abuse- sexual abuse under a spiritual belief or political often through use of ceremonies. Child on child sexual abuse- COCSA, previously learned and was or still is sexually abused Reenactment- Four preconditions model- Sexual abuse cycle- Characteristics of child perpetrators- Cognitive distortions- Sex crimes against adults Substance facilitated- Technology facilitated- Gang rape- Initiation facilitated Stranger Date and acquaintance Stranger Sig. other and spousal Adult incest- LGBTQ Unhorsed person Immigrants Elders Disabled and neurodivergent Tenants, employees, patients, Triggers Coping skills