Session 6: Medieval to Early Modern Ages PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 1 LESSON 2: A GLIMPSE ON THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2 SESSION 6: MEDIEVAL TO EARLY MODERN AGES 3 SCRIPTWRITER: EULOGIO S. AUXTERO, JR. 4 CONTENT LECTURER:...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 1 LESSON 2: A GLIMPSE ON THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2 SESSION 6: MEDIEVAL TO EARLY MODERN AGES 3 SCRIPTWRITER: EULOGIO S. AUXTERO, JR. 4 CONTENT LECTURER: EULOGIO S. AUXTERO, JR. 5 6 COPYRIGHT NOTICE: 7 8 Copyright 2020. All rights reserved. This material is a property of 9 Caraga State University. Unauthorized production, distribution, or 10 storage of this material in any format is prohibited. 11 12 CUE IN TITLE SLIDE 13 UNIT I: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND STS HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY IN THE WORLD MEDIEVAL TO EARLY MODERN AGES EULOGIO S. AUXTERO JR Physics Instructor, Department of Physics Caraga State University – Main Campus 14 15 Hello sunshine! Welcome to Science, Technology, and Society class 16 I am Sir EULOGIO S. AUXTERO JR, in this session we will be looking back 17 at the history of science and technology in the world: Medieval to early 18 modern ages. 19 20 CUE FIRST SLIDE The fall of the Roman Empire cut off Europe from Greek and MEDIEVAL TO Romans in their knowledge. Religious teachings started to engulf scientific knowledge EARLY MODERN making this period the Dark Ages of Science. AGES 21 22 Roman empire did not last during the 5th century and that lead to a 23 major turn-out of science in the history, which is the beginning of the 24 medieval period. 25 26 The Roman Empire’s fall in the 5th century signaled the dark ages of 27 science. Lack of interest, a decline of the Greek knowledge, and the cut 28 off of knowledge became the starting avenue for the slow development of 29 science. 30 31 This period became the Dark Ages of Science, which put the religious 32 authorities above personal experiences and rational thinking. 33 EULOGIO S. AUXTERO, JR., AVIEL SHEEN V. DUMAICOS, & GLADYS G. EDILO | Department of Physics | Caraga State University - Main Campus  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 34 CUE SECOND SLIDE Schools Medieval universities were MEDIEVAL established providing baseline for scientific communities at EUROPE the later part of the medieval period Empiricism Rediscovery of Greek texts helped westerners in creating fresh insights and knowledge for systematized investigation. 35 36 Greeks and Romans became the primary source of information before the 37 medieval period in Europe; however, the decline of Greek knowledge has 38 led Europe to be disconnected to knowledge. The schools of thought 39 transition to monastic and cathedral schools, centering the knowledge 40 on the study of the Bible. 41 42 In the later part of the medieval ages, medieval universities were 43 established, which were the fruit of translated text and provided the 44 baseline for the scientific communities. The rediscovery of the writings 45 of the Greek scholars helped the westerners to be more interested in 46 creating new insights and knowledge. Discoveries were using systematized 47 investigation through the use of empiricism. With these, there are some 48 corrective findings of the westerns scholars to the ancient observations, 49 one of which is the geocentric model of the solar system by which Nicholas 50 Oresme rejected the proposal of Ptolemy that the heavens moved and not 51 the Earth. 52 53 CUE THIRD SLIDE RENNAISANCE Printing Press The invention of printing press by Johannes Guttenberg Heliocentric Theory democratized the information throughout the ages Nicholas Copernicus provided rigorous proof on heliocentric theory and other findings of scientist helped support the claim SCIENTISTS’ Johannes Kepler Provided support on the heliocentric Theory and create d his Kepler’s law on Planetary CONTRIBUTION Motions describing how planets move. 54 55 Renaissance, during the 12th century, is the platform for accelerated 56 progress in the scientific community. Notable scientists made 57 significant contributions to the rebirth of science after the sudden 58 turn off of science. The invention of the printing press by Johannes 59 Guttenberg helped facilitate the information at a faster pace and be 60 available to the people. 61 62 One primary turnout was with Nicholas Copernicus by attempting to provide 63 rigor mathematical proof of heliocentrism. Nicholas Copernicus favored 64 Heliocentric Theory, for it was "pleasing to the mind" rather than 65 rational observations. This theory sparked other fields to continue 66 flourishing, including the fields of Medicine, Geography, chemistry, 67 physics, engineering, manufacturing, and anatomy. 68 EULOGIO S. AUXTERO, JR., AVIEL SHEEN V. DUMAICOS, & GLADYS G. EDILO | Department of Physics | Caraga State University - Main Campus  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 69 Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630), He proved Copernicus theory through 70 mathematic and gathered information through night observation. He 71 demonstrated that planets moved in an elliptical orbit and determined 72 the cause of Earth's tide (due to the rotation of the moon). 73 74 CUE FOURTH SLIDE SCIENTISTS’ Galileo Galilei CONTRIBUTION The first person to study the sky using telescope and noted some Rene Descartes moons of Jupiter Proposed that knowledge can be acquired thru logic and mathematics; developed Francis Bacon Analytic Geometry Developed the scientific method and called as Father of Empiricism 75 76 Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642), Father of Experimental Science. The first 77 person to study the sky with the use of a telescope and noted some moons 78 of Jupiter 79 80 Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650), Father of Modern Western Philosophy. He 81 promoted that science is grounded in observation and experiment. He 82 conceptualizes the idea of never accepting anything as accurate unless 83 all reasons of doubt can be ruled out. Also, he proposed that knowledge 84 can be acquired thru logic and mathematics and developed Analytic 85 Geometry. 86 87 Francis Bacon (1561 – 1626), developed the scientific method and called 88 as the Father of Empiricism 89 90 CUE FIFTH SLIDE Tycho Brahe SCIENTISTS’ Provided accurate and CONTRIBUTION comprehensive astronomical observations Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Conceived the ideas of differential Calculus Age of Exploration Overseas exploration sparks the start of globalization 91 92 Tycho Brahe (1546 – 1601), provided accurate and comprehensive 93 astronomical observations 94 95 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 – 1716), he conceived the ideas of 96 differential and integral calculus independently. 97 98 During the Age of Exploration, overseas exploration sparks the start of 99 globalization. 100 EULOGIO S. AUXTERO, JR., AVIEL SHEEN V. DUMAICOS, & GLADYS G. EDILO | Department of Physics | Caraga State University - Main Campus  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 101 CUE LAST SLIDE Thank you for Listening! Next session: HISTORY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORLD: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO 19TH CENTURY 102 103 Thank you for listening! And in the next session we will be discussing 104 History of Science and technology in the world: Industrial revolution 105 to 19th century, and you will see how science has evolved in helping the 106 society. EULOGIO S. AUXTERO, JR., AVIEL SHEEN V. DUMAICOS, & GLADYS G. EDILO | Department of Physics | Caraga State University - Main Campus