Anatomy of the Neck PDF

ANATOMY OF THE NECK DR HEMIN O SHERIFF ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PLASTIC SURGEON LECTURE’S CONTENT: SKIN, SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA, NECK MUSCLES, AND NECK TRIANGLES NECK NECK It’s a region of the body that lies between the lower margin of the mandible and the superior nuchal line of the...

ANATOMY OF THE NECK DR HEMIN O SHERIFF ASSISTANT PROFESSOR PLASTIC SURGEON LECTURE’S CONTENT: SKIN, SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA, NECK MUSCLES, AND NECK TRIANGLES NECK NECK It’s a region of the body that lies between the lower margin of the mandible and the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone above , and the suprasternal notch and the upper border of the clavicle below. SKIN AND CUTANEOUS NERVES OF THE NECK • The skin on the back of the neck, and back of the scalp as high as the vertex is supplied by posterior rami of cervical nerves ( C2-5) • The skin of the front and the sides of the neck is supplied by anterior rami of cervical nerves ( C2-4) through the branches of cervical plexus. • The skin of the face, forehead and scalp anterior to vertex is supplied by branches of Trigeminal nerve***. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE NECK offat consist • It’s a thin layer which underlies the skin of the neck, invests Platysma, and also embedded in it are cutaneous nerves, superficial veins and superficial lymph nodes of the neck. STRUCTURES IN SUPERFICIAL FASCIA OF THE NECK • Platysma • External Jugular vein and its tributaries • Superficial lymph nodes PLATYSMA CUTANEOUS NERVES OF THE NECK • • • • • • Greater occipital nerve ( C2) Lesser occipital nerve ( C2) Great auricular nerve ( C2 & C3) Transverse cutaneous nerve of the neck ( C2 & C3) Supraclavicular nerves (C3 & C4) : ( medial, intermediate, lateral) Posterior rami of C3,C4, and C5 To theearand halfof itsupplieslower the CERVICAL PLEXUS mastoidisremoved ernocledo thatwecanseetheplexus DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA i • It’s an areolar tissue that supports the muscles, vessels, nerves, and viscera of the neck. • In certain areas it’s condensed to form well defined fibrous sheets covering ( 1- investing layer, 2- pretracheal layer, 3- prevertebral layer, and 4- carotid sheath). EE MUSCLES OF THE NECK HYOID BONE isolated bone it MANDIBLE HYOID BONE hasamuscleattachment.es DIGASTRIC fry L divisions from gerve - Has anterior & posterior belly connected in the middle by intermediate tendon. - Anterior belly extends from mandible under Mylohyoid to meet the tendon of the posterior belly which comes from mastoid process through lower part of Stylohyoid , and their intermediate tendon attaches to Hyoid by a fascial sling. F STYLOHYOID digastric goesthrough posteriorbellyof supplied byfacialnerve - Extends from styloid process to the greater horn of Hyoid. MYLOHYOID - Forms the floor of the mouth. e - Comes from mylohyoid line to the anterior aspect of the body of Hyoid bone, and midline raphe. GENIOHYOID mentalspinehasattachment for 2muscles upper lower supply nerve - Extends from lower half of the mental spine to the body of Hyoid above Mylohyoid. genoglossus genongoid C1 thatgoeswithhypoglossalnerve INFRAHYOID MUSCLES muscles hyoid supra Mylohyoid Geniolyoid -Sternohyoid -Omohyoid -Thyrohyoid C1 -Sternothyroid doesn'thaveattachment to hyoidbone 2 I I Nsa cervical's 898 TRIANGLES OF THE NECK TRIANGLES OF THE NECK • For purposes of description, neck is divided to: Anterior and Posterior triangles. gdtiginosine O o TRIANGLES OF THE NECK sternum clavicle mastoidprocess STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID O O STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID spinal accessory nerve 11th TRAPEZIUS ierti.Ipuiaandcai.ae Tosterior Inferior anterior POSTERIOR TRIANGLE OF THE NECK E • Its bounded anteriorly by posterior border of Sternocleidomastoid, posteriorly by anterior border of Trapezius, and inferiorly by middle third of Clavicle. • The floor of the triangle is formed by a group of muscles ( Semispinalis, Splenius, Levator scapulae, Scalenus medius, and a part of Scalenus anterior) which are covered by prevertebral fascia , and the roof is an investing layer of deep cervical fascia, and the skin. • Posterior triangle is subdivided by inferior belly of Omohyoid to upper Occipital triangle and lower Supraclavicular triangle. inferior of CONTENTS OF THE POSTERIOR TRIANGLE transvers • Arteries: Subclavian (third part),por superficial cervical , supraclavicular, and occipital.SIimportantintent I • Veins : External Jugular and its tributaries, and Subclavian ( Occasionally). • Nerves: Brachial plexus, Accessory ( spinal part), and Cervical plexus • Lymphatics a