Introduction to Computer Science Session 2 PDF

Introduction to Computer Science Session 2 Chapter 2: Application Software Prepared by Dr. Ahmed Ezzat The contents of this presentation have been prepared from Computer essentials 2017 1 ...

Introduction to Computer Science Session 2 Chapter 2: Application Software Prepared by Dr. Ahmed Ezzat The contents of this presentation have been prepared from Computer essentials 2017 1 Chapter 2: Application Software 2 Why should I read this chapter?  The power and capability of application software is exploding. We can expect applications beyond our imagination and to control these applications entirely with our voice, gestures, and thoughts.  This chapter covers the things you need to know to be prepared for this ever-changing digital world, including: ▪ General-purpose applications—how to create documents, analyze data, make presentations, and organize information. ▪ Special-purpose applications—how to use graphics programs for image editing and creating web pages and how to locate and use mobile apps. 3 Learning Objectives After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Identify general-purpose applications. 2. Describe word processors, spreadsheets, presentation programs, and database management systems. 3. Identify specialized applications. 4. Describe graphics programs. 4 Introduction  Not long ago, trained specialists were required to perform many of the operations you can now do with a personal computer. ◦ Examples: secretaries, market analysts, graphic artists,…  To efficiently and effectively use computers, you need to understand the capabilities of general- purpose application software, which includes: ▪ word processors ▪ spreadsheets ▪ presentation programs ▪ database management systems 5 Application software  Application software is end user software that is used to accomplish a variety of tasks.  Two categories of application software: ▪ General-Purpose Applications: include word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems and presentation graphics. ▪ Specialized applications: other programs that tend to be more narrowly focused and used in specific disciplines. ▪ Mobile apps: is add-on features or programs typically designed for smartphones and tablets. 6 Application software: User Interface  A user interface is the portion of the application that allows you to control and to interact with the program.  Most general-purpose applications use a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI).  GUI displays graphical elements called icons to represent familiar objects.  The mouse controls a pointer on the screen that is used to select items such as icons.  A window is simply a rectangle area that can contain a document, program or message.  More than one window can be opened and displayed on the computer screen at one time. 7  Most software programs use a system of menus, toolbars, and dialogue boxes.  Menus present commands that are typically displayed in a menu bar at the top of the screen.  Toolbars typically appear below the menu bar and include small graphic elements called buttons that provide shortcuts for quick access to commonly used commands.  Dialog boxes provide additional information and request user input. 8 9  Many applications use an interface known as the Ribbon GUI which use: ▪ Ribbons replace menus and toolbars by organizing commonly used commands into a set of tabs. ▪ Tabs divide ribbons into major activity areas. ▪ Galleries simplify the process of making a selection from a list of alternatives. 10 11  Application software: Common Features Some of the most common features in applications include: ▪ Spell checkers: look for misspelled words ▪ Alignment: either centers, right-aligns, or left- aligns numbers and characters ▪ Font and font sizes (perhaps use character effects): specifies the size and style of entered numbers and text ▪ Character effects provide a variety of different typefaces, such as bold or italics. ▪ Edit options provide easy ways to edit text, such as cut, copy, and paste. 12 General-Purpose Applications: Word Processors  Word Processors allow you to create, edit, save and print text-based documents including memos, letters, faxes, newsletters, manuals, brochures, and reports.  Examples: ▪ Microsoft Word (the most widely used word processor) ▪ Apple Pages ▪ Google Docs ▪ Corel WordPerfect ▪ OpenOffice Writer 13 Case: Creating a Flyer 14 General-Purpose Applications: Spreadsheets  Spreadsheets programs organize, analyze and graph numeric data such as budgets and financial reports.  Examples: ▪ Microsoft Excel (The most widely used spreadsheet program) ▪ Apple Numbers ▪ Corel Quattro Pro ▪ Google Sheets ▪ OpenOffice Calc. 15 16 Case: Creating a Sales Forecast 17 Case: Creating a chart 18 General-Purpose Applications: Presentation Graphics  Presentation graphics are programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, visually interesting presentations.  They are excellent tools to communicate a message and to persuade people.  Examples: ▪ Microsoft Power-Point ▪ Corel Presentations ▪ Apple Keynote ▪ OpenOffice Impress ▪ Google Slides ▪ Prezi 19 General-Purpose Applications: Database Management Systems (DBMS)  A database is a collection of related data.  Database Management Systems (DBMS) or database manager is a program that sets up or structures a database.  It also provides tools to enter, edit and retrieve data from the database. ◦ Universities use databases to keep records of students, instructors and courses. ◦ Companies maintain employee databases.  Examples: ▪ Microsoft Access ▪ Google Obvibase ▪ Apple FileMaker ▪ OpenOffice Base 20 Specialized Applications: Graphics  Specialized applications are widely used within specific professions.  These programs include graphics programs and web authoring programs.  web authoring means creating a website.  Graphics programs examples: ▪ desktop publishing programs ▪ image editing programs ▪ illustration programs ▪ video editors 21  Desktop publishing programs, or page layout programs, allow you to mix text and graphics to create publications of professional quality.  It is used by professional graphic artists to create documents such as brochures, newsletters, newspapers, and textbooks.  Examples: ▪ Adobe InDesign ▪ Microsoft Publisher ▪ QuarkXPress. 22  Image editors, also known as photo editors, are specialized graphics programs for editing or modifying digital photographs.  The photographs consist of thousands of dots or pixels that form images often referred to as bitmap or raster images.  Examples: ▪ Adobe Photoshop ▪ Corel Paint Shop Pro ▪ GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) ▪ Windows Photo Gallery. 23  Illustration programs, also known as drawing programs, are used to create and edit vector images.  Vector images, also known as vector illustrations, use geometric shapes or objects.  Illustration programs are often used for graphic design, page layout, and creating sharp artistic images.  Examples: ▪ Adobe Illustrator ▪ CorelDRAW ▪ Inkscape 24  Video editors are used to edit videos to enhance quality and appearance.  With video editors, you can readily add special effects, music tracks, titles, and on-screen graphics.  Examples: ▪ Windows Live Movie Maker ▪ Apple iMovie ▪ YouTube Video Editor 25 Chapter 4: System Software 2 Why should I read this chapter?  Someday soon, your computer will be able to automatically diagnose and repair problems, much like your body’s immune system. For now, however, your electronics are at risk from dangerous viruses and software failures.  This chapter covers the things you need to know to protect your computer and data today and to prepare you for tomorrow, including: ▪ Desktop operating systems—discover how operating systems control and protect desktop and laptop computers. ▪ Mobile operating systems—learn the key features of the operating systems that control tablets and cell phones. ▪ Utilities—protect your computer from viruses and perform important maintenance tasks. 3 Learning Objectives After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe the differences between system software and application software. 2. Identify the four types of system software programs. 3. Explain the basic functions, features, and categories of operating systems. 4. Compare mobile operating systems, including iOS, Android, and Windows Phone. 5. Compare desktop operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux, and virtualization. 6. Explain the purpose of utilities and utility suites. 7. Identify the four most essential utilities. 8Describe Windows utility programs. 4  System software  System software works with end users, application programs and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details.  System software is not a single program but a collection of programs that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no user intervention. 5 System software consist of four types:  Operating systems coordinates resources, provide an interface between the users and the computer and run the applications.  Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.  Device drivers allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.  Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process. 6  Operating System: Functions  An operating system is a collection of programs that handle technical tasks related to using a computer.  An operating system is the most important type of computer program.  Without a functioning operating system, your computer would be useless.  Examples: Windows 10 or Mac OS. 7 Functions of OS can be classified into three groups:  Managing resources: OS coordinates computer resources including memory, processing, storage and devices such as printers and monitors.  Providing user interface: OS allows users to interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface. New OS use Graphical User Interface (GUI).  Running application: OS load and run applications such as word processors and spreadsheets. 8  Most OS support multitasking, or the ability to switch between different applications stored in memory. Example, you could have Word and Excel running at the same time and switch easily between the two applications.  The program you are currently working with on is described as running in the foreground.  The other program or programs are running in the background. 9  Operating System: Features  Starting or restarting the computer is called booting the system.  There are two ways to boot a computer: ▪ Warm boot: occurs when the computer is already on and you restart it without turning off the power. ▪ Cold boot: starting the computer that has been turned off. 10  A user interacts with the operating system through a graphical user interface called the desktop.  The desktop provides access to computer resources.  Some important features common to most operating systems and application programs include: - Icons - tabs - pointer - dialog boxes - windows - help - menus - Gesture control 11  Operating systems store data and programs in a system of files and folders. ◦ Files are used to store data and programs. ◦ Folders are used to store related files. ◦ A folder can contain other folders or subfolders. 12 13  Operating System: Categories Three categories of operating systems: 1. Embedded operating systems, also known as real-time operating systems and RTOS: are entirely stored within a device. ▪ They control smartwatches, smartphones, video game systems, and thousands of other small electronic devices. 14 2. Stand-alone operating systems, also called desktop operating systems: control a single desktop or laptop computer. ▪ These operating systems are located on the computer’s hard disk. 3. Network operating systems (NOS): are used to control and coordinate computers that are networked or linked together. ▪ They are located on the network server. ▪ This network server coordinates all communication between the other computers. ▪ Examples: Linux, Windows Server, and UNIX. 15  Operating systems are often called software environments or software platforms. 16  concept check ❑ List three categories of application software. ❑ What is a graphical user interface? What are windows, menus, toolbars, and dialog boxes? ❑ What is the Ribbon GUI? What are ribbons, tabs, and galleries? ❑ Discuss some of the most common features in application programs. ❑ What are word processors? What are they used for? ❑ What are spreadsheets? What are they used for? ❑ What are presentation graphics programs? What are they used for? ❑ What are database management systems? What are they used for? ❑ What are desktop publishing programs? Image editors? Illustration programs? Video editors? ❑ What is video game design software? 26  concept check ❑ What is system software? What are the four kinds of system software programs? ❑ What is an operating system? Discuss operating system functions and features. ❑ Describe each of the three categories of operating systems. 17